Tus yuam sij me - nta, khoom thiab cov cai

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Loj thiab me yog ob lub ntsiab lus European classical hauv suab paj nruag. Yuav luag tag nrho cov suab paj nruag sau tau sau rau hauv lawv, tab sis lawv tsis yog tib qho. Ntxiv rau lawv, muaj ntau ntau hom modal, piv txwv li:

• Ionian;
• Dorian;
• Phrygian;
• Mixolydian;
• Aeolian;
• Locrian.

Tab sis raws li tau hais dhau los, cov yuam sij loj thiab me yog feem ntau.

Kev txhais lub sijhawm thiab moll

"Major" hauv Latin yog txhais los ntawm dur. Raws li, moll hauv kev txhais lus yog "me" (muaj qhov zoo sib xws hauv lub suab ntawm cov ntsiab lus, yog li kev nco qab tsis suav tias yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj heev).

hom suab paj nruag yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov kauj ruam ruaj khov thiab tsis ruaj khov, ua raws li tus qauv.

Qhov txawv ntawm dur thiab moll

Txhua tus paub qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib leeg:

• major - lom zem thiab lub teeb (los ntawm Latin - "loj");
• mob - tu siab thiab gloomy (txhaislos ntawm Latin "me").

Tab sis los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev tshaj lij, qhov sib txawv ntawm lub suab muaj lub hauv paus uas tuaj yeem pom qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv.

Raws li kev kawm suab paj nruag, nws ua raws li qhov teev muaj 7 sau ntawv (tus thib 8 yog thawj, tab sis tsuas yog tom ntej octave), txhua daim ntawv, hauv lwm lo lus, yog ib kauj ruam. Yog li ntawd, tus lej ntawm cov kauj ruam no yuav sib npaug rau xya. Txawm hais tias lawv nyob hauv tib tsev neeg (piv txwv li, C loj lossis C me), lawv ua haujlwm sib txawv.

Yog li ntawd, cov neeg hauv tsev neeg tau muab faib ua theem ruaj khov thiab tsis ruaj khov. Tus qub ua si lub hauv paus rau lub tonality, thaum lub tom kawg tuaj yeem "taug kev" thiab tsis sib haum. Lawv nkag mus (daws teeb meem) mus rau qhov ruaj khov lossis mus dhau qhov kev hloov pauv (tawm mus rau lwm tus yuam sij).

Nyob rau hauv tus yuam sij me, qhov ruaj khov III kauj ruam yuav ib txwm txo qis los ntawm ib nrab lub suab (los ntawm E mus rau E-flat). Nws yog qhov xwm txheej no (pav) uas ua rau tus me triad li.

Ib tug triad yog peb kauj ruam chord.

tus tseem ceeb

Ob qho loj thiab me suav nrog 7 daim ntawv, tab sis lawv cov qauv txawv.

Yog peb coj C loj ua piv txwv, ces daim ntawv Ua yog tonic, los ntawm qhov suav yuav mus. Yog li, cov kauj ruam yog nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm ib leeg:

• I-II (tone);
• II-III (tone);
• III-IV (semitone);
• IV-V (tone);
• V-VI (tone);
• VI-VII (tone);
• VII- Kuv (semitone).

Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lub semitone yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm lub suab, thiab lub suab yog qhov sib npaug ntawm ob lub suab.

tus yuam sij

Cov qauv ntawm tib lub npe hauv C, tab sis twb nyob hauv me:

• Do - Re (tone);
• Re - E-flat (semitone);
• E-flat - F (tone);
• F - Sol (tone);
• Sol - A-flat (semitone);
• A-flat - B-flat (suab);
• B flat - C (tone).

Raws li koj pom, piv rau qhov loj muaj qhov hloov pauv loj. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog qhov muaj kev sib tsoo (qhov no, flats) nyob rau hauv tus yuam sij me. Lawv lub xub ntiag yog vim qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tones thiab semitones hloov.

Kev tsim kho

Nyob hauv qhov loj hauv qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntu zus mus:

Nyob hauv tus yuam sij me:

Ntxiv rau qhov txo qis III qib, cov kauj ruam VI thiab VII kuj txo qis ntawm no ib nrab ntawm lub suab.

Ob txoj kev piav qhia saum toj no yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim txhua tus yuam sij loj thiab me.

Parallels

Nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag terminology, muaj ib lub tswv yim xws li "cov yuam sij sib npaug". Nws suav nrog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm kev sib tsoo (flats thiab sharps) ntawm ib lub suab thiab hauv kev txiav txim kom meej.

Qhov no txhais tau tias cov yuam sij me yog sib npaug rau cov loj. Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag tej zaum yuav zoo li hais tias lub hauv paus ntsiab luskev sib txuas ua tau zoo li no: C loj - C me; D loj - D me, tab sis qhov no yog ib qho yuam kev rau cov pib tshiab.

yog dab tsi?

Cov yawm sij zoo ib yam uas lawv muaj kev sib tsoo tib yam, tab sis lawv sib npaug vim lawv hloov pauv. Piv txwv li, C loj yog sib npaug rau A me, vim tsis yog thawj lossis tus yuam sij thib ob tsis muaj cov cim qhia txhua. Yog tias koj saib cov keyboard piano, lawv yuav hla dhau cov yuam sij dawb kiag li.

Cov yuam sij ntawm D loj yuav sib npaug rau B me, txij li ob qho tib si thawj thiab thib ob muaj F thiab C ntse nyob rau hauv lub treble clef.

D-dur:

• I - II (tone);
• II - III F-ntse (tone);
• III F-sharp - IV (semitone);
• IV - V (tone);
• V - VI (tone);
• VI - VII C-ntse (tone);
• VII C-sharp - Kuv (semitone).

h-moll (me yog sau nrog cov ntawv Latin me):

• I - II C-ntse (tone);
• II C-sharp - III (semitone, III degree);
• III - IV (tone);
• IV - V F-sharp (tone);
• V F-sharp - VI (semitone);
• VI - VII (tone);
• VII - Kuv (tone).

Cov cim ntawm tus yuam sij me yog sib npaug rau cov cim ntawm tus yuam sij loj.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov tonality tuaj yeem muaj tib qhov sib npaug. C loj tsuas yog sib npaug rau A me thiab lwm yam.

Yuav txiav txim li cas?

Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim heev los txheeb xyuas cov yuam sij sib npaug sai. Los ntawm chav kawm solfeggio, cov tub ntxhais kawm paub lub tswv yim ntawm lub sijhawm. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog ib feem peb (3 yawm sij dav thiab suav nrog ob lub suab ntawm ntug).

Yog li, qhov sib npaug tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm ib feem peb, tab sis ib qho me me. Muaj qhov me me thiab loj me me, lawv qhov sib txawv nyob hauv cov lej ntawm cov tones. Qhov thib peb loj muaj 2 lub suab, thiab cov me ntawm 1, 5.

Yog tias koj xav paub qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov loj, ces peb tsim qhov me thib peb ntawm daim ntawv tseem ceeb - C, piv txwv li, tus yuam sij tseem ceeb, thiab thaum kawg mus rau daim ntawv A - thiab qhov no yog raws nraim yam yuav tsum tau nrhiav. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws hloov tawm tias qhov sib txuas me me ntawm C loj yuav yog a-moll.

Txhua yam zoo ib yam nrog tus menyuam yaus, tsuas yog lwm txoj hauv kev: muab tus menyuam yaus, koj yuav tsum nrhiav tam sim ntawd nws qhov sib npaug. Los ntawm daim ntawv Mi peb tsim ib qho me me thib peb, tab sis twb dhau lawm, peb tau txais lub suab Sol.

Cov txiaj ntsig: E me yog sib npaug rau G loj thiab suav nrog tib cov cim.

Txoj cai kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab:

• yog tias koj xav nrhiav tus yuam sij me - me thib peb DOWN;
• yog tias koj yuav tsum nrhiav tus yuam sij loj - tus thib peb yog UP.

hom me

Muaj 3 yam ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas hloov nws mus rau lub suab zoo dua tsis tau txawv:

• natural;
• harmonic;
• melodic.

Daim ntawv ntuj ntawm tus menyuam yaus yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, nws tshwm sim ua ntej peb hauv cov qauv classic yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv:

• main tonic theem - La;
• theem thib ob - C;
• on line - Ua ntej;
• plaub ntawm daim ntawv - Re;
• me me dominant - Mi;
• sixth net - Fa;
• xya huv - Ntsev;
• thiab duaTonic - La.

Lub suab yog pob tshab, yooj yim thiab tsis tshua muaj qhov txawv.

Kev sib haum xeeb me me yog qhov kaj thiab nyiam tshaj plaws hauv kev xyaum.

• thawj tonic - La;
• second tag nrho tib yam - C;
• thib peb, tsim tus me thib peb - Ua ntej;
• subdominant - Re;
• kev ntseeg tus kheej tseem ceeb - Mi;
• ntseeg thib rau - Fa;
• twb nce siab thiab ntxhov siab - G-sharp;
• tso cai rau tonic - La.

Qhov peculiarity ntawm kev tsim kho yog nce qib 7, uas tsuas yog sim daws rau hauv tonic. Nws kev mob siab rau feem ntau raug tua los ntawm kev xwm txheej. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau yog siv los ua qhov kawg ntawm kab lus suab paj nruag thiab ib qho tag nrho.

Nkauj kho siab me me yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws, vim nws muaj qhov hloov pauv tshaj plaws.

• chief host - La;
• stable thib ob - C;
• qauv yam ntxwv - Ua ntej;
• subdominant plaub - Re;
• en titled - Mi;
• nce rau thib rau - F-sharp;
• ua raws li kev tshoov siab thib xya - G-sharp;
• top of scale - La.

Rising, VI thiab VII cov kauj ruam nyob rau sab sauv ntawm qhov ntsuas mus softly thiab lingering, vim qhov pom tau txais nws lub npe. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias nyob rau hauv tus nqes hav version tsis muaj melodic daim ntawv, i.e. nyob rau hauv lub rov qab kev txiav txim, tus me yuav suab zoo li ib tug natural ib:

• saum A;
• kub xya - Sol (bekar);
• qab nws yog tus pacified thib rau - Fa (bekar);
• txhua yam tseem ruaj khov - Mi;
• subdominant - Re;
• me thib peb - C;
• ncig rau tonic - C;
• dot in scale - La.

Bekary (ib qho kos npe kom tshem tawm qhov nce thiab txo qis) tshem tawm cov ntse uas xav tau kom nce qib VI thiab VII. Txij li thaum lawv tsis hloov pauv hauv lawv daim ntawv ntuj, bekar rov qab los rau lawv daim ntawv classic.

Hauv qhov loj, txhua yam tseem muaj tam sim no, tab sis kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv sib txawv.

Txhua tus yuam sij

Muaj 24 tus yuam sij hauv tag nrho, tab sis tsis muaj qhov taw qhia hauv kev nco tsis muaj laj thawj. Rau lub hom phiaj zoo sib xws, ib qho khoom ci ntsa iab tiag tiag ua haujlwm - quarto-thib tsib lossis tsuas yog lub voj voog thib tsib.

Nws suav nrog ob qho tseem ceeb thiab tus yuam sij me.

Lub voj voog yog tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tib qhov sib luag uas tau piav qhia saum toj no. Nws lub hauv paus yog tus hlub C loj thiab A me. Tab sis vim li cas? Ob tus yuam sij no, thawj zaug, yog qhov sib npaug thiab, qhov thib ob, tsis muaj cov cim ntawm tus yuam sij kiag li. Kev txav mus ntxiv mus rau ob qho kev qhia;

• ntawm sab xis - cov yuam sij ntse;
• left - tiaj tus yuam sij.

Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis txav mus rau qhov tsis sib haum xeeb, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev nruj nruj, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm cov cim.

Nyob rau hauv C loj thiab ib tug me - 0 kos npe, thiab ces muaj ib ceg:

• on G loj thiab nws qhov sib luag - E minor (=1 ntse);
• F loj thiab nws qhov sib luag - D minor (=1 tiaj tus).

Lawv yuav ua raws li tonalities twb muaj ob lub cim, thiab yog li nws yuav txuas ntxiv hauv lub voj voog mus txog qhov siab tshaj plawskom muaj nuj nqis yog xya. Cov no yuav yog cov yuam sij:

• F-sharp loj thiab nws tus phooj ywg - D-sharp minor;
• G-flat loj nrog E-flat minor.

Rau qhov kev soj ntsuam ntxaws ntawm cov yuam sij me, lub voj voog ntawm thib tsib yog qhov zoo. Tsis muaj txoj hauv kev kom poob rau hauv nws, raws li tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tau npaj ua me me.

Thawj zaug, lub tswv yim ntawm lub voj voog tau tshwm sim hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus theorist thiab tus kws sau ntawv Diletsky hu ua "Lub Tswv Yim ntawm Musik Grammar" hnub tim 1679.

I. S. Bach hauv kev xyaum ua kom pom kev sib txawv ntawm txhua tus yuam sij hauv kev sau "Lub Well-Tempered Clavier". Nws suav nrog 48 preludes thiab fugues sau nyob rau hauv ob ntim.

Chopin thiab tom qab ntawd Shostakovich tau sau lawv cov preludes hauv tag nrho 24 tus yuam sij.

Result

Suab paj nruag yog tib yam lej, uas koj ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj kev suav, suav thiab schemes. Kev xav tsis zoo: txhua qhov kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj ntawm lub suab yog rov qab los ntawm lub hauv paus raws li cov lej thiab cov ntxhuav.

Cov yuam sij me yog qhov ci ci ntawm kev qhia uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub cev los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm lub cev thiab tso tawm tib neeg txoj kev xav ntawm tus ntsuj plig.