Ntawm qhov tseeb los ntawm lub neej ntawm S altykov-Shchedrin. Luv luv biography thiab tej hauj lwm

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Mikhail Evgrafovich yog tus kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias thiab tus neeg hais lus thuam. Lub neej ntawm S altykov-Shchedrin pib nyob rau hauv 1826, nyob rau lub ib hlis ntuj 27 (15), nyob rau hauv lub Tver xeev nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Spas-Ugol. Nws yog ib tug neeg muaj koob muaj npe, thiab nws tsev neeg muaj nyiaj.

S altykov-Shchedrin: biography - ib nyuag keeb kwm ntawm thaum yau

Tus sau yav tom ntej muaj ib tug niam txiv uas raug kev txom nyem. Zabelina Olga Mikhailovna yog tag nrho ntawm tib neeg, thiab tom qab ntawd nws cov duab yuav embodied nyob rau hauv "Tus Tswv ntawm Golovlevs." Muaj rau tus menyuam hauv tsev neeg, thiab, txawm hais tias Misha tau paub tias yog tus nyiam, nws tau pom tsev neeg sib cav tag nrho. Tab sis ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws zoo li npau taws rau tus tub. Tom qab ntawd tus sau yuav piav txog lub sij hawm mus txog kaum xyoo yuav luag autobiographically nyob rau hauv Poshekhonskaya Antiquity. S altykov ib txwm nco qab nws thaum yau nrog kev iab thiab, raws li txoj cai, tsis nyiam tham txog nws. Nws thaum yau dhau los feem ntau nyob rau hauv kev nyob ib leeg, tag nrho cov me nyuam loj twb tau ncaim mus kawm. Thiab me ntsis tau ua tiav los qhia nws.

Duality

Ntawm qhov tseeb los ntawm lub neej ntawm S altykov-Shchedrin pib nrog nws lub xeem. Ntawm nws ob qhov chaw, qhov tseeb yog S altykov, thiab qhov thib ob, Shchedrin, tau tshwm sim tom qab lub npe. Nws lub neej zoo li muab faib ua ob ntu: S altykov yog ib tug nom, thiabShchedrin yog ib tug kws sau ntawv, satirist, sau ntawv.

S altykov txoj haujlwm

S altykov Mikhail Evgrafovich pib nws txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv exile. Thaum lub Yim Hli Ntuj xyoo 1844, nws tau mus kawm hauv St. Petersburg Chancellery, nyob rau xyoo 1846 tus tub hluas twb muaj peev xwm tau txais txoj hauj lwm nyob rau ntawd ua tus pab tuav ntaub ntawv rau Minister of War. Thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 22, xyoo 1848, nws raug ntiab tawm mus rau Vyatka rau nws thawj kev tshawb fawb txog kev sau ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm, thiab nws txoj haujlwm tau ci ntsa iab. Nws ob zaug ua tus thawj tswj hwm: hauv Ryazan xeev thiab hauv Tver.

Literary debut

Xyoo 1847, S altykov-Shchedrin ua nws thawj zaug ua tus kws sau ntawv. Ua ntej, tshuaj xyuas, thiab tom qab ntawd ob zaj dab neeg luam tawm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm Domestic Notes. Lawv tawm mus raws li lub npe hu ua M. Nepanov thiab M. S.

Lub koob meej tiag tiag tuaj rau nws xyoo 1856, thaum nws luam tawm nws lub voj voog "Provincial Essays", txij li lub sijhawm ntawd tus pseudonym Nikolai Shchedrin, uas tom qab los ua ib feem ntawm nws lub xeem, nkag mus rau hauv kev xyaum. Thiab tseem muaj kev lig kev cai los tshaj tawm lawv tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cycles.

Ntse

Shchedrin cov ntawv sau feem ntau yog hais txog lub xeev xaj, hais txog cov uas yuav tsum ua kom tiav cov lus txib no, tswj lawv. S altykov-Shchedrin Mikhail Evgrafovich tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mob siab rau nws txoj hauj lwm rau cov duab ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub ceev xwm ntawm nruab nrab-60s.

Shchedrin tus kws sau ntawv pib kov yeej S altykov tus thawj coj. Qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tshwm sim nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum N. A. Nekrasov tuaj rau hauv phau ntawv journal "Domestic Notes"thiab caw S altykov-Shchedrin ua co-editor. Xyoo 1868, S altykov tus thawj coj tau muab txoj hauv kev mus ib txhis rau tus kws sau ntawv Shchedrin.

Txij li thaum 1878, tom qab kev tuag ntawm Nekrasov, S altykov-Shchedrin los ua tus editor ntawm Otechestvennye Zapiski. Nws yog ib lub sijhawm tag nrho hauv nws lub neej.

Qhov tseeb txaus siab los ntawm lub neej ntawm S altykov-Shchedrin raws li kev thuam

S altykov-Shchedrin nws tus kheej pom nws tus kheej ua tus thuam. Kev thuam ntawm lub hauv paus, kev txiav txim, cov neeg ua haujlwm. Tib lub sijhawm, hauv 60s, nws tus kheej tau nyob hauv "hluav taws" ntawm cov phooj ywg sau ntawv.

Qhov tseeb yog tus kws sau ntawv muab cov neeg nyeem txaus siab, tab sis tsis yog los ntawm qhov pom ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas sab nraud, tab sis ntawm tus neeg uas yog nws tus kheej rau ib puag ncig no. Yog vim li cas S altykov-Shchedrin tau rov hais dua. Thiab cov neeg thuam tshaj plaws yog Dmitry Ivanovich Pisarev. Nws hais tias nws tsis txaus tsuas yog thuam qhov kev txiav txim uas twb muaj lawm, thiab feem ntau, nws yog kev thuam thuam lub xeev bureaucracy, ua ib feem ntawm nws. Qhov no yog kev ncaj ncees paradox. Pisarev feem ntau ntseeg tau tias cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev txaus siab, tab sis cov zaub mov txawv rau cov neeg nyeem yuav tsum nyob li cas. Nws hais tias, piv txwv li, tias Pushkin tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Tom qab tag nrho, "Eugene Onegin" qhia dab tsi?

Pisarev cuam tshuam rau S altykov-Shchedrin. Nws yog feem ntau lees txais tias nyob rau hauv lub 60s ob tiam sis nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv tau tawm tsam rau ib leeg: ntshiab art, uas ua hauj lwm zoo nkauj nyob mus ib txhis, thiab pej xeem cov ntaub ntawv. Nws zoo nkaus li tias cov hauj lwm ntawm S altykov-Shchedrin yog nyob rau qhov thib ob ntawm cov lus qhia. Tab sis Pisarev hais tias txaus ntshaiyam: uas S altykov-Shchedrin nthuav tawm hauv cov ntawv nyeem tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev luag, luag ntxhi, thuam, uas tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov tseeb.

Hloov pauv hauv kev muaj tswv yim

Thaum tig ntawm 60s - 70s, Mikhail Evgrafovich muab nws cov neeg nyeem ib yam tshiab - qhov no tsis yog cov ntawv sau xwb, tab sis tag nrho cov haujlwm - "Lub Nroog Keeb Kwm". Nws yog ib tug parody ntawm blissful keeb kwm chronicles. Lub nroog ua raws li tus qauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Lub nroog Foolov yog hais txog Russia. Kev thuam ntawm bureaucracy yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv txoj haujlwm no.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-80s, cov hauj lwm ntawm S altykov-Shchedrin tau los ua tshiab kiag li. Nws hu lawv zaj dab neeg. Muaj txog peb caug ntawm lawv. Lawv tau sau nrog nom tswv satire thiab tau luam tawm hauv Russkiye Vedomosti cov ntawv xov xwm, uas yog qhov txawv ntawm nws tus kheej. Tom qab tag nrho, fairy tales feem ntau tsis luam tawm hauv ntawv xov xwm. Tab sis qhov no yog raws nraim li tus sau hais tias nws xav tau: txhua yam tsis txwv rau ib zaj dab neeg. Raws li nyob rau hauv ib txwm fairy tales, tsis muaj kev zoo siab xaus nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm. Lawv tag nrho ntawm irony thiab ntau dua li dab neeg thiab dab neeg.

Nws yog S altykov-Shchedrin uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sau ntawv Lavxias. Ib tug luv luv biography yog tsis muaj peev xwm qhia tag nrho cov paub tsis meej ntawm xws li ib tug tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv li Mikhail Evgrafovich. Nws raug hu ua tus kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev phem thiab kev mob.

Cov lus tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm S altykov-Shchedrin tau hais los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog nws. Nws tau hais tias nws tus cwj pwm yog ntshai heev thiab chim siab heev. Thiab qhov nocuam tshuam rau kev muaj tswv yim. Yog li ntawd, nws nyuaj rau nyeem nws. Artwork tsis tuaj yeem "nqhis".

"Golovlevs" yog ib qho ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv. Tshwj tsis yog Dostoevsky tuaj cuag nws los ntawm kev sau Cov Kwv Tij Karamazov.

Qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm S altykov-Shchedrin suav nrog qhov tseeb tias ntau cov lus uas peb tseem siv tau tsim thiab qhia rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab lub neej los ntawm nws. Piv txwv li, lo lus "softness". Mikhail Evgrafovich tau tsim thiab qhia nws tus kheej cov txheej txheem ntawm ironic allegories rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Tus sau kuj tau sim sau paj huam, tab sis tom qab thawj zaug tsis ua tiav ntawm kev sau ntawv, nws tau tso paj huam mus ib txhis. S altykov-Shchedrin kawm nyob rau tib lub lyceum li Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, thiab nws nyob ntawd lawv ob leeg pib sau.

Tus kws sau ntawv nyob tau 63 xyoo. Nws tuag thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1889.