Leej twg sau Tus Xib Hwb thiab Margarita? Keeb kwm ntawm tus tshiab "Tus Tswv thiab Margarita"

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Txawm hais tias cov ntawv tshiab tau sau ntev dhau los thiab yog ib qho classic, nws tseem nyiam cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj koob meej. Ua tsaug rau cov ntaub ntawv kawm hauv tsev kawm, yuav luag txhua tus paub cov ntawv tshiab no thiab tus uas tau sau nws. Tus Xib Hwb thiab Margarita yog ib qho tshiab tsim los ntawm tus kws sau zoo tshaj plaws, Mikhail Afanasevich Bulgakov.

Tsis indifferent to the novel

Yuav tsis muaj cov neeg tsis quav ntsej txog kev cuam tshuam rau txoj haujlwm no. Qhov tseeb, cov neeg nyeem tau muab faib ua ob lub chaw pw hav zoov: cov neeg uas nyiam cov ntawv tshiab thiab qhuas nws, thiab cov neeg uas tsuas ntxub nws thiab tsis paub txog Bulgakov qhov kev txawj ntse. Tab sis muaj ib tug thib peb, qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, qeb. Nws tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi, tej zaum, tsuas yog rau cov menyuam yaus xwb. Cov no yog cov uas tsis tau hnov txog qhov tshiab thiab tsis paub tias yog leej twg tus sau.

Tus Xib Hwb thiab Margarita yog ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tshaj lij tshaj plaws thiab tsis meej pem. Ntau tus kws sau ntawv thiab cov neeg sau ntawv thuam tau sim daws qhov tsis meej ntawm nws qhov kev nyiam thiab kev vam meej nrog cov neeg nyeem. Txog thaum kawg, tseem tsis tau muaj leej twg ua tau.

Tsis nco qab ntau npaum li cas thiab tis npe ua tej haujlwm uas yuav ua rau muaj ntau yamkev sib cav. Lawv tsis tso tseg hais txog Bulgakov tus tshiab rau hnub no. Lawv tham txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm zaj dab neeg, hais txog cov qauv ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb, txog lub hauv paus ntawm kev xav thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov ntawv tshiab, hais txog leej twg yog tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb, thiab txawm hais txog hom ntawv sau ua haujlwm.

Peb theem ntawm kev sau ntawv tshiab, raws li B. V. Sokolov

Cov kws sau ntawv sau cov kev xav txog keeb kwm ntawm kev sau ntawv ntawm Tus Xib Hwb thiab Margarita, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj haujlwm no, txawv. Piv txwv li, Sokolov, tus sau ntawm Bulgakov Encyclopedia, faib cov ntawv tshiab rau hauv peb theem. Nws hais tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau pib xyoo 1928. Piv txwv li, nws yog thaum ntawd tus sau phau ntawv tshiab Tus Tswv thiab Margarita xeeb nws, thiab pib sau ib tus tshooj nkaus xwb thaum lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1929. Twb tau nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm tib lub xyoo, thawj zaug ua tiav tau raug xa mus. Tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tseem tsis tau hais ncaj qha tias tus sau phau ntawv yog leej twg, leej twg sau nws. "Tus Xib Hwb thiab Margarita" txawm tias tom qab ntawd tsis tshwm sim raws li lub npe ntawm txoj haujlwm. Cov ntawv sau npe hu ua "Furibunda" tau muab rau lub tsev tshaj tawm "Nedra" nyob rau hauv lub npe pseudonym K. Tugay. Thiab thaum Lub Peb Hlis 18, 1930, nws tau rhuav tshem los ntawm tus sau nws tus kheej. Yog li xaus thawj theem ntawm cov ntawv sau ua haujlwm, tseem ceeb los ntawm Boris Vadimovich Sokolov.

theem ob pib thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1936. Thiab lub sij hawm ntawd tsis muaj leej twg paub tias cov ntawv tshiab yuav raug hu ua txoj kev uas peb tam sim no tau siv. Bulgakov nws tus kheej, tus uas sau nws, xav txawv. "Tus Xib Hwb thiab Margarita" yog ib txoj hauj lwm uas tau txais ntau lub npe los ntawm nws tus sau: "Nws tshwm sim" thiab "Nws tshwm sim", "Los", "Zoo heev. Chancellor", "Kuv nyob ntawm no", "Dub magician", "Lub kaus mom nrog ib tug plaub", "Hoof of the adviser" thiab "Foreigner's horseshoe", "Dub theologian", thiab txawm yog "Satan". Tsuas yog ib qho sub title tseem tsis hloov pauv - "Zoo heev Romance".

Thiab kawg, theem peb - txij li ib nrab xyoo 1936 mus txog rau xyoo 1938. Thaum xub thawj, tus tshiab tau hu ua "Tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Kev Tsaus Ntuj", tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tau txais lub npe zoo li no rau peb. Thiab thaum pib lub caij ntuj sov, xyoo 1938, nws tau luam tawm thawj zaug.

Txhua yam uas tau tshwm sim nrog cov ntawv tshiab ntxiv, Sokolov tsis xav txog cov ntawv ntxiv lawm, tab sis hu rau tus sau kev kho.

Nine tsab, raws li Losev

B. I. Losev kawm txog biography thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm Mikhail Afanasevich rau ntau tshaj nees nkaum xyoo. Nws faib cov keeb kwm ntawm kev sau cov dab neeg rau hauv cuaj ntu, ib yam li tus sau nws tus kheej.

• First edition - "Black Mage". Cov no yog cov ntawv sau tshiab, thawj phau ntawv sau, sau xyoo 1928-1929. Tseem tsis tau muaj Master thiab Margarita nyob rau hauv nws thiab tsuas muaj plaub tshooj.
• Second - "Engineer's Hoof". Nov yog phau ntawv thib ob ntawm tib lub xyoo. Nws zoo li ib qho txuas ntxiv, qhov thib ob ntawm thawj zaug ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Tsuas muaj peb tshooj xwb, tab sis ntawm no lub tswv yim ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov tshiab twb tshwm sim - tshooj no hu ua "Lub Moo Zoo Raws li Woland".
• Thib Peb - "Hnub Saturday txaus ntshai". Drafts, sketches rau cov tshiab, sau nyob rau hauv 1929-1931. Kuj muaj peb tshooj. Thiab tsuas yog rooj plaub hauv Griboyedov mus txog qhov kawg version.
• Plaub - "Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws". Thawj daim ntawv sau ua tiav thawj zaug. Margaritas twb nyob ntawm nothiab nws tus hlub. Tab sis nws lub npe tsis yog Xib Hwb, tab sis tus kws sau paj huam.
• Thib tsib - "Zoo nkauj tshiab". Cov no yog tshooj rov sau dua thiab ua tiav xyoo 1934-1936. Cov ntsiab lus tshiab tshwm sim, tab sis tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv tseem ceeb.
• Sixth - "Golden Spear". Nov yog daim ntawv tsis tiav, rhais tawm ntawm Khawv koob Nyiaj tshooj.
• Xya - "Tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Tsaus Ntuj". Thawj kaum peb tshooj ntawm qhov tshiab. Kev hlub zaj dab neeg ntawm tus Xib Hwb thiab Margarita tsis nyob ntawm no, thiab feem ntau txhua yam xaus ntawm qhov pom ntawm tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb. Thiab Berlioz hu ua Mirtsev ntawm no.
• thib yim - "Tus Tswv thiab Margarita". Ua kom tiav thiab paub sau ntawv rov kho dua 1928–1937. Thiab nws yog qhov no version uas tau luam tawm los ntawm Elena Bulgakova tus muam Olga Bokshanskaya.
• Ninth - kuj "Tus Xib Hwb thiab Margarita". Ib tsab ntawv kawg thiab zaum kawg, suav nrog tag nrho cov kev ntxiv tshiab thiab cov lus pom los ntawm Mikhail Afanasevich. Nws tau luam tawm tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Elena Sergeevna, nws tus poj niam, xyoo 1966.

Variant zaj dab neeg ntawm Belobrovtseva thiab Kuljus

Ntau txoj hauv kev, lawv cov ntawv zoo ib yam li Losev's, raws li lawv pom zoo tag nrho nrog cov neeg thuam txog thawj tsab. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv hu cov tshooj ntawm cov ntawv tshiab "Lub Hoof of an Engineer" muab rau lub tsev luam tawm "Nedra" ua qhov thib ob. Nws nyob ntawm no uas tus Xib Hwb tshwm sim thawj zaug, uas tseem hu ua Fesey. Nws plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Faust txawm tsis muaj Marguerite. Qhov thib peb version, raws li Belobrovtseva thiab Kuljus, yog qhov zoo heev Novel sau los ntawm Bulgakov nyob rau hauv 1932, qhov twg tus Xib Hwb hloov los ntawm Fesi mus rau hauv tus kws sau paj lug thiab Margarita twb tshwm. Lawv xav txog qhov thib plaub ntawm xyoo 1936, yog qhov ua tiav thawj zauglo lus "end". Tom ntej no los txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm 1937 - qhov tsis tiav tshiab "Tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Tsaus Ntuj". Thiab tom qab ntawd cov ntawv sau los ntawm O. S. Bokshanskaya. Twb yog nws kho los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv yog suav tias yog lub xya tsab. Thiab tus thib yim thiab kawg yog tus uas tau txiav txim los ntawm Bulgakov tus poj niam ua ntej nws tuag thiab tau luam tawm tom qab nws tuag.

Cov ntawv tshiab tau luam tawm los ntawm qhov deb hauv daim ntawv uas peb paub, thawj zaug hauv Moscow magazine xyoo 1966. Txoj hauj lwm tam sim ntawd tau txais koob meej, thiab Bulgakov lub npe tsis tawm ntawm daim di ncauj ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Tom qab ntawd, kom paub meej, tsis muaj leej twg muaj lus nug txog leej twg tus sau txoj haujlwm yog, leej twg sau nws. Tus Xib Hwb thiab Margarita yog ib qho tshiab uas ua rau muaj kev xav zoo heev. Thiab nws tseem tuav lub hom.