Italian mosaic - Florentine "pob zeb painting"

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Mosaic yog kev kos duab ntawm kev dai rooj tog thiab architectural ntsiab sab hauv thiab sab nraum lub tsev siv cov khoom sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, cov duab thiab loj, paub txij li lub sijhawm ntev heev.

Muaj ntau hom, feem ntau muaj npe raws sijhawm thiab qhov chaw ntawm keeb kwm. Roman, Byzantine, Laus Lavxias teb sab, Fabkis mosaics paub. Florentine txawv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm daim duab no, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv technological nta.

History

thawj piv txwv ntawm mosaics siv pob zeb ntuj hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua tsib BC. Cov hniav zoo nkauj ntawm lub pob zeb, nws lub zog, muaj peev xwm tswj tau nws qhov zoo li qub rau lub sijhawm ntev ib txwm nyiam cov neeg. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws zoo nkauj zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom no yog qhia los ntawm mosaic. Florentine "pob zeb painting" yog ib qho ntawm cov theem siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov kos duab. Hom kev kho kom zoo nkauj no tau tshwm sim, feem ntau yuav, hauv Middle East, hauvtig ntawm peb lub sijhawm, tab sis nws tau txais lub npe tom qab lub nroog Tuscan nto moo.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, ntau lub pob zeb-txiav studios tau tsim nyob rau hauv Florence, uas cov tswv tau caw los ntawm Milan ua haujlwm. Cov kev cob qhia no tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub npe nrov Medici tsev neeg, uas tom qab ntawd txiav txim siab hauv Florence. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg nplua nuj no tau sau cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev kos duab thaum ub, thiab cov cuab yeej ntawm kev sib ntsib saum npoo nrog nyias daim hlau ntawm cov pob zeb uas muaj nqi heev tau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov xav tau los kho thiab kho cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv kos duab los ntawm Ancient Greece thiab Ancient Rome..

Commesso

Kev kos duab ntawm kev tsim cov duab los ntawm pob zeb, uas tshwm sim hauv lub txaj ntawm Renaissance, yog hu ua commesso hauv Italian - "rallying". Nws suav nrog qhov tshwj xeeb meej haum ntawm qhov chaw uas ua rau mosaic. Florentine painting yog sib sau ua ke los ntawm nyias pob zeb daim hlau nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom pom ib tug seam ntawm lub ntsiab. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub pob zeb phaj yog xaiv raws li tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov xim xav tau, tab sis kuj coj mus rau hauv tus account lub ntuj kev ntxhib los mos. Piv txwv li, rau nplooj ntawm tsob ntoo, ib qho khoom raug xaiv uas xyaum tsis tsuas yog ntsuab, tab sis kuj muaj cov qauv tsim ntawm cov leeg me me, nplooj khoov, thiab lwm yam., rau cov duab plaub, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov kev taw qhia. "villi" coincide, thiab lwm yam

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, pietra dura (hais tias "lub pob zeb nyuaj") yog lwm lub npe rau daim duab no, zoo ib yam li intarsia - inlay los ntawmntau hom ntoo. Ib daim duab ntoo veneer tseem yog mosaic. Florentine inlay ntawm semi-precious pob zeb yog ntau zog ntau zog thiab yuav luag unlimited nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, lub durability ntawm qhov tshwm sim.

Technological process as art

Ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi tuaj rau Florence, kev mus ncig ua si nrov heev, suav nrog kev mus ntsib cov chaw ua haujlwm nto moo uas Florentine mosaics tau ua. Rau 200 € ib pab pawg, koj tuaj yeem pom ntawm koj tus kheej lub qhov muag yuav ua li cas tiag tiag masterpieces ntawm cov duab kos duab yug.

Tib lub sijhawm, kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav nrog kev pab ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv uas tau siv los ntawm cov tswv ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, thaum lub mosaic no tshwm sim. Cov duab ntawm mosaic masters ntawm kev ua haujlwm adorn lub vev xaib ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab mus ncig thiab cov ntawv ceeb toom ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig thoob ntiaj teb. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem qhuas cov pob zeb paintings ua los ntawm cov tswv ntawm yav dhau los nyob deb, uas ua rau ntau lub tsev teev ntuj thiab palaces ntawm Florence, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub npe nrov Medici Chapel.

pob zeb painting xim

Cov palette siv los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam uas tsim cov khoom zoo ntawm Florentine mosaics tsis yog qhov qis dua ntawm cov xim thiab kev ntxhib los mos uas muaj rau cov neeg pleev kob ib txwm:

1. Lapis lazuli yog ib qho ntxoov ntxoo ntawm xiav nrog cov nplej dawb thiab ci ci golden pyrite crystals.
2. Malachite - alternating kab txaij ntawm muag heev thiab khaus ntsuab.
3. Marble - zoo nkauj heevstreaked nyob rau hauv ntau ntxoov daj, xim av, liab thiab ntsuab.
4. Semi-precious pob zeb: agate, jasper, onyx, porphyry - yog ntau yam kab txaij, ncig, pom tseeb thiab tsis meej pem, pleev xim rau ntau yam xim sov lossis txias, ntom lossis muaj cov cwj pwm hloov maj mam.

Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov xim no, tsim Florentine mosaic tiag tiag. Daim duab tsis tuaj yeem hais txog nws qhov kev zoo nkauj tiag tiag, vim tias daim duab tsis tuaj yeem qhia qhov tob uas tau tshwm sim thaum polishing lub pob zeb, kev ua si ntawm lub teeb ntawm qhov me tshaj plaws crystalline inclusions. Ntawm cov kws sau paj huam uas tau mus txog qhov kawg ntawm kev txawj ntse hauv cov khoom siv tes ua haujlwm no, muaj kev ntseeg tias thaum lawv siv cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb tsim los ntawm cov xwm txheej hauv lawv cov ntawv sau, qhov kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsim los ntawm Vajtswv lub siab nyiam yuav muaj rau lawv.

Nws ua li cas?

Tsim ib lub me me dai kom zoo nkauj ntxig rau lub thawv me me los yog lub vaj huam sib luag zoo nkauj loj pib nrog lub neej-loj daim duab kos duab puv xim. Kev sib xyaw loj rau kev yooj yim muab faib ua ntu me. Daim duab kos yog txiav raws cov kab hauv cov khoom sib cais, lossis hloov mus rau lub pob zeb nrog kev pab ntawm daim ntawv tracing tom qab tus neeg mob tshawb nrhiav cov khoom ntawm cov xim uas xav tau thiab kev ntxhib los mos dhau lawm. Lub contour yog tsim nrog cov npoo tsim nyog rau kev ua cov pob qij txha.

Pob zeb daim hlau nrog lub thickness ntawm 2-3 hli yog cov khoom pib los ntawm Florentine mosaic ua. Manual workpiece uahloov ntau pua xyoo. Lub phaj nrog contour thov yog clamped nyob rau hauv ib tug lwm, thiab qhov xav tau ib feem yog sawn tawm siv ib tug tshwj xeeb saw. Nws zoo li tus hneev nti ua los ntawm ib ceg ntoo (feem ntau yog lub txiv ntseej lossis cherry) nrog nyias hlau hlau-bowstring. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm sawing los ntawm ib tug pob zeb phaj, ib tug tshwj xeeb abrasive muab tshuaj txhuam yog tas li siv rau cov hlau (yav tas los nws tsuas yog ib tug sib tov ntawm dej thiab xuab zeb).

Tom qab ntawd ua raws li kev kho kom zoo ntawm tus kheej cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab rau ib leeg. Qhov tshwm sim yog txiav txim siab ua tiav yog tias lub seam tsis pom txawm tias los ntawm lub teeb. Qhov nyuaj ntawm theem no tuaj yeem xav txog los ntawm kev saib ntawm cov mosaic piav qhia, piv txwv li, nyias txiv hmab txiv ntoo tendrils. Cov khoom tiav tiav yog glued rau hauv paus (hauv cov txheej txheem tseeb - nrog kev pab los ntawm cov ntoo resins) thiab ua tib zoo polished.

Kev zoo nkauj nyob mus ib txhis

Italian mosaic tau mus txog nws qhov chaw siab tshaj plaws hauv 17th-18th centuries. Rooj tog, paintings thiab tag nrho cov phab ntsa dai kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no amazed neeg thoob plaws teb chaws Europe nrog lawv exquisite thiab unfading zoo nkauj. Masters ntawm Florentine mosaic tau tshwm sim hauv ntau lub tebchaws, suav nrog Russia. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws masterpiece tsim nrog kev pab ntawm pob zeb inlay yog lub npe nrov Amber Room.

Hnub no, cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab cov khoom siv niaj hnub no tau siv los ua "stone painting". Cov ntawv ib leeg feem ntau txiav nrog lub computer tswj laser. Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub Florentine mosaic tseem yog ib tug heev laborious thiab kim txoj kev decorating. Creations ntawm craftsmen ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib txwmCov txheej txheem xuas tes ua, muaj nuj nqis ntawm qib ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm cov duab kos duab.