Aksenov Vasily: biography thiab cov phau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws sau ntawv

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Aksenov Vasily Pavlovich yog tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias paub zoo. Nws tej hauj lwm, imbued nrog tus ntsuj plig ntawm freethinking, tawv thiab kov, tej zaum surreal, tsis txhob cia ib tug nyeem ntawv indifferent. Tsab ntawv xov xwm yuav xav txog phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Vasily Aksenov thiab muab cov npe ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav tshaj plaws.

Xyoo 1932, thaum Lub Yim Hli 20, hauv nroog Kazan, Pavel Aksenov, tus thawj coj ntawm Kazan City Council, thiab Evgenia Ginzburg, tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm Kazan Pedagogical Institute, muaj ib tug tub, Vasily. Raws li tus account hauv tsev neeg, nws twb yog tus menyuam thib peb, tab sis tib leeg. Thaum tus tub tseem tsis tau muaj tsib xyoos, ob leeg niam txiv (thawj niam, ces leej txiv) raug ntes thiab raug txim, txhua mus rau kaum xyoo raug kaw. Tom qab mus los ntawm Stalinist camps, Yevgenia Ginzburg tom qab ntawd yuav luam tawm ib phau ntawv memoirs txog lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsim txom, Txoj Kev Steep, uas qhia txog kaum yim xyoo nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj, exiles, thiab Kolyma camps. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog hais txog qhov tam sim no, peb txaus siab rau phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Vasily Aksenov.

Tom qab qhov xaus ntawm cov niam txiv ntawm cov menyuam yaus - Alyosha (tus tub ntawm Evgenia Ginzburg) thiab Maya (tus ntxhais ntawm Pavel Aksenov) -coj los ntawm cov txheeb ze. Thiab Vasya raug yuam kom xa mus rau lub tsev kho mob menyuam ntsuag rau cov menyuam yaus ntawm cov neeg raug txim (tus tub niam pog xav khaws nws, tab sis lawv tsis raug tso cai). Nyob rau hauv 1938, Pyotr Aksenov tus tij laug, Andreyan, pom tus me nyuam nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob Kostroma thiab coj nws mus rau nws. Kom txog rau thaum 1948, Vasya nyob nrog ib tug niam txiv kwv tij, Motya Aksenova, mus txog rau thaum tus me nyuam tub niam, tso tawm ntawm lub tsev lojcuj nyob rau hauv 1947, tau txais kev tso cai txav nws tus tub mus rau nws nyob rau hauv Kolyma. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws sau ntawv Vasily Aksenov yuav piav txog nws cov tub ntxhais hluas Magadan hauv cov ntawv tshiab "The Burn".

Kev kawm thiab kev ua haujlwm

Xyoo 1956, tus txiv neej kawm tiav los ntawm Leningrad Medical Institute thiab, los ntawm kev faib khoom, yuav tsum ua haujlwm ua tus kws kho mob hauv B altic Shipping Company ntawm cov nkoj mus ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis raug tso cai, txawm hais tias nws niam nws txiv tau rov kho dua lub sijhawm ntawd. Muaj pov thawj tias Vasily Aksenov ua haujlwm ua tus kws kho mob cais tawm hauv Karelia, nyob rau sab qaum teb, hauv tsev kho mob tuberculosis hauv Moscow (raws li lwm cov ntaub ntawv, nws yog tus kws pab tswv yim ntawm Tuberculosis Research Institute hauv Moscow), nrog rau hauv kev lag luam. chaw nres nkoj ntawm Leningrad.

pib ntawm kev sau ntawv

Aksenov tuaj yeem suav tias yog tus kws sau ntawv tshaj lij txij li xyoo 1960. Xyoo 1959, nws tau sau zaj dab neeg "Cov npoj yaig" (cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm tib lub npe raug tua rau xyoo 1962), xyoo 1960 - ua haujlwm "Star Ticket" (cov yeeb yaj kiab "Kuv Tus Kwv" kuj raug tua rau xyoo 1962), ob xyoos tom qab - zaj dab neeg "txiv kab ntxwv los ntawm Morocco", thiab nyob rau hauv 1963 - lub tshiab "Nws yog lub sij hawm, kuv tus phooj ywg, nws yog lub sij hawm". Tom qab ntawd cov phau ntawv ntawm Vasily Aksenov "Catapult" (1964) tau luam tawm.thiab "Halfway to the Moon" (1966). Nyob rau hauv 1965, qhov kev ua si "Ib txwm ntawm Muag" tau sau, uas nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo twb staged nyob rau theem ntawm "Sovremennik". Nyob rau hauv 1968, zaj dab neeg ntawm satirical-fiction hom "The Overstocked chim" tau luam tawm. Nyob rau hauv lub sixties ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, tej hauj lwm ntawm Vasily Aksenov tau luam tawm ntau heev nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal Yunost. Tus kws sau ntawv tau ua haujlwm tau ntau xyoo nyob rau hauv pawg thawj coj saib xyuas ntawm qhov kev tshaj tawm no.

Seventies

Nyob rau xyoo 1970, thawj ntu ntawm kev taug txuj kev nyuaj rau cov menyuam yaus "Kuv yawg yog ib lub monument" tau luam tawm, xyoo 1972 - qhov thib ob - "Lub hauv siab uas qee yam khob." Xyoo 1971, zaj dab neeg "Hlub rau Hluav Taws Xob" (txog Leonid Krasin) tau luam tawm, sau rau hauv keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm hom. Ib xyoos tom qab, Novy Mir magazine luam tawm ib qho kev sim ua haujlwm hu ua Kev Tshawb Nrhiav rau Ib Hom. Xyoo 1972 kuj pom kev tsim ntawm Jean Green lub Untouchable, ib qho kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov neeg soj xyuas thriller. Vasily Aksenov ua haujlwm nrog Grigory Pozhenyan thiab Oleg Gorchakov. Cov hauj lwm tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub authorship ntawm Grivadiy Gorpozhaks (ib tug pseudonym los ntawm ib tug ua ke ntawm cov npe thiab lub xeem lub npe ntawm peb sau). Xyoo 1976, tus kws sau ntawv tau txhais cov ntawv tshiab "Ragtime" los ntawm Edgar Lawrence Doctorow los ntawm Lus Askiv.

kev ua si hauv zej zog

Cov ntawv sau txog Vasily Aksenov muaj kev nyuaj thiab kev nyuaj siab. Thaum lub Peb Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1966, thaum koom nrog kev sim tawm tsam tawm tsam kev kho mob ntawm Stalin hauv Moscow, ntawm Red Square, tus kws sau ntawv raug kaw los ntawm vigilantes. Nyob rau hauv ob xyoos tom ntej no, Aksyonov muab nws kos npe rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov ntawv,xa mus tiv thaiv cov neeg tawm tsam, thiab tau txais kev cem rau qhov no los ntawm Moscow ceg ntawm Union of Writers ntawm lub USSR nrog nkag mus rau hauv rooj plaub.

Nikita Khrushchev, ntawm lub rooj sib tham nrog cov neeg txawj ntse rov qab rau xyoo 1963, tau thuam Vasily Aksenov thiab Andrei Voznesensky. Thaum lub "thaw" tas, tus kws sau ntawv tej hauj lwm tsis tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws. Xyoo 1975, cov ntawv tshiab "Lub Hlawv" tau sau, uas peb tau hais lawm. Vasily Aksenov tsis txawm cia siab rau nws qhov kev tshaj tawm. "Island ntawm Crimea" - ib tug tshiab nyob rau hauv lub fantasy ib hom ntawv nyeem - kuj yog Ameslikas tsim los ntawm tus sau yam tsis muaj kev cia siab tias cov hauj lwm yuav tsum luam tawm thiab pom los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Lub sijhawm no (1979), kev thuam rau tus kws sau ntawv tau dhau los ua qhov ntse dua, xws li kev tawm tsam "neeg", "tsis yog-Soviet" pib poob rau hauv nws. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1977-1978, Aksenov cov hauj lwm pib tshwm sim txawv teb chaws, feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States of America.

Ua ke nrog Victor Erofeev, Iskander Fazil, Bella Akhmadulina, Andrey Bitov thiab Evgeny Popov, Vasily Aksenov hauv 1978 tau los ua tus kws sau ntawv thiab koom nrog Metropol almanac. Nws yeej tsis tau nkag mus rau hauv Soviet censored xovxwm, tab sis nws tau luam tawm hauv Asmeskas. Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov neeg koom ntawm almanac raug "kev kawm". Qhov no tau ua raws li kev ntiab tawm ntawm Erofeev thiab Popov los ntawm Union of Writers ntawm lub USSR, thiab nyob rau hauv kev tawm tsam, Vasily Aksenov, ua ke nrog Semyon Lipkin thiab Inna Lisnyanskaya, kuj tau tshaj tawm lawv tawm ntawm lub Union..

Lub neej nyob USA

Ntawm qhov caw thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1980, tus kws sau ntawv mus rau Tebchaws Meskas, thiab xyoo 1981, rau qhov no, nws raug coj mus lawm. USSR kev ua pej xeem. Aksenov nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas txog xyoo 2004. Thaum nws nyob ntawd, nws ua hauj lwm ua ib tug xib fwb ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam American universities: lub Kennan Institute (los ntawm 1981 txog 1982), University of Washington (los ntawm 1982 txog 1983), Goucher College (los ntawm 1983 txog 1988), Mason University (los ntawm 1988 txog 2009). Raws li ib tug neeg sau xov xwm ntawm 1980 thiab 1991 Aksenov Vasily koom tes nrog Xov tooj cua Liberty, Voice of America, Verb almanac thiab Continent magazine. Tus kws sau ntawv xov tooj cua tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv phau "Ib Xyoo caum ntawm Kev Hais Lus", luam tawm xyoo 2004.

Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, cov haujlwm "Hlawv", "Peb Cov Hlau Hlau", "Lub Island ntawm Crimea", cov ntawv sau "Txoj Cai rau Cov Island" tau luam tawm tab sis tsis luam tawm hauv Russia. Txawm li cas los, Vasily Aksenov txuas ntxiv mus tsim nyob rau hauv America: "Lub Moscow dabneeg" (trilogy, 1989, 1991, 1993), "Lub Negative ntawm tus zoo Hero" (sau cov dab neeg, 1995), "Tus Tshiab Sweet Style" (ib tug tshiab. mob siab rau lub neej ntawm Soviet emigrants nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, 1996) tag nrho cov sau thaum nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Tus kws sau ntawv tau tsim cov haujlwm tsis yog hauv Lavxias nkaus xwb, xyoo 1989 cov ntawv tshiab "Lub Yolk ntawm Egg" tau sau ua lus Askiv (txawm tias tus sau nws tus kheej tom qab txhais nws). Raws li kev caw ntawm Jack Matlock, tus Ambassador ntawm Asmeskas, Aksyonov tuaj rau hauv Soviet Union thawj zaug tom qab mus txawv tebchaws (cuaj xyoo tom qab). Xyoo 1990, kev ua pej xeem Soviet tau rov qab los rau tus kws sau ntawv.

Ua haujlwm hauv Russia

Hauv xyoo 1993, thaum lub sijhawm tawg ntawm Pawg Sab Laj, VasilyAksyonov rov qhib qhib nws txoj kev txiav txim siab thiab qhia kev sib koom siab nrog cov neeg uas tau kos npe rau tsab ntawv txhawb nqa Yeltsin. Nyob rau hauv 2004, Anton Barshchevsky ua yeeb yaj duab trilogy "Moscow Saga" nyob rau hauv Russia. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, lub magazine "Lub kaum hli ntuj" luam tawm cov hauj lwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv "Voltaireans thiab Voltaireans", uas twb tom qab muab tsub lub Booker nqi zog. Nyob rau hauv 2005, Aksyonov sau ib phau ntawv memoirs hu ua "Lub Kua ntawm lub qhov muag" nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug tus kheej chaw muag mis nyuj.

xyoo kawg ntawm lub neej

Nyob rau xyoo tas los, tus kws sau ntawv thiab nws tsev neeg tau nyob hauv Fab Kis, hauv nroog Biarritz, lossis hauv Moscow. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab capital, thaum Lub ib hlis ntuj 15, 2008, Aksenov xav tsis zoo, nws tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob 23rd. Tus kws sau ntawv tau kuaj pom tias mob stroke. Ib hnub tom qab, Vasily Pavlovich tau pauv mus rau Sklifosovsky Research Institute, nws tau ua haujlwm kom tshem tawm cov ntshav txhaws hauv cov hlab ntsha carotid. Tau ntev, tus kws sau ntawv tus mob tseem nyuaj heev. Thiab nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 2009, cov teeb meem tshiab tshwm sim. Aksenov tau pauv mus rau lub koom haum Burdenko thiab ua haujlwm dua. Ces Vasily Pavlovich rov mus pw hauv tsev kho mob ntawm Sklifosovsky Research Institute. Nws nyob ntawd tias tus kws sau ntawv tuag thaum Lub Xya Hli 6, 2009. Vasily Pavlovich tau faus nyob rau hauv Moscow, nyob rau hauv lub tojntxas Vagankovsky. Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2009, hauv Kazan, hauv tsev uas tus kws sau ntawv ib zaug nyob, Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tau teeb tsa.

Vasily Aksenov: "Kev mob siab rau tsis meej. Ib tug tshiab hais txog lub sixties"

Ntawm no yog qhov ua tiav kawg ntawm tus kws sau ntawv txawj ntse. Nws tau luam tawm tag nrho tom qab Aksenov tuag, hauvLub Kaum Hli 2009. Ua ntej qhov no, xyoo 2008, cov tshooj ib leeg tau luam tawm hauv kev tshaj tawm "Sau ntawm cov kab lus ntawm cov dab neeg." Cov ntawv tshiab yog autobiographical, nws cov phab ej yog cov mlom ntawm kev kos duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub rau caum xyoo pua nees nkaum: Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Bulat Okudzhava, Andrei Voznesensky, Ernst Neizvestny, Robert Rozhdestvensky, Bella Akhmadulina, Marlen Khutsiev, Vladimir Vysotsky, thiab lwm tus.. Aksyonov tau muab cov npe cuav rau cov cim kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog cov ntawv sau cia.

khoom plig, khoom plig, nco

Nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas, tus kws sau ntawv tau txais daim degree ntawm Doctor of Humane Sciences. Nws kuj yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm American Authors' League thiab PEN Club. Nyob rau hauv 2004, Aksenov twb muab tsub lub Lavxias teb sab Booker nqi zog rau nws ua hauj lwm Voltairians thiab cov Voltairians. Ib xyoos tom qab, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm Honorary Order of Arts and Letters. Tus kws sau ntawv yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy of Arts.

Txhua xyoo txij li xyoo 2007 Kazan tau tuav lub rooj sib tham thoob ntiaj teb kev sau ntawv thiab suab paj nruag hu ua "Aksenov-fest". Thawj zaug nws tau tuav nrog tus kheej kev koom tes ntawm Vasily Pavlovich. Nyob rau hauv 2009, Literary House-Museum ntawm tus kws sau ntawv nto moo tau qhib, thiab tam sim no lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv nroog tau ua haujlwm hauv nws. Nyob rau hauv 2010, cov autobiographical tsis tiav tshiab ntawm tus sau "Lend-Lease" tau luam tawm. Nws qhov kev nthuav qhia tau tshwm sim rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 7 ntawm Vasily Aksenov House-Museum.

Evgeny Popov thiab Alexander Kabakov hauv 2011 koom ua ke luam tawm ib phau ntawv memoirs txog Vasily Pavlovich, uas lawv hu uaAksenov. Nyob rau hauv nws, lawv xav txog tus sau txoj hmoo, intricacies ntawm biography, tus txheej txheem ntawm yug los ntawm ib tug zoo Cwm pwm. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab lub tswv yim ntawm phau ntawv yog los tiv thaiv qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov tseeb hauv kev pom zoo ntawm qee yam xwm txheej.

Ntxhais hmoob

Vasily Aksenov niam tij, Alexei, tuag thaum lub sij hawm siege ntawm Leningrad. Kuv niam kuv txiv, Maya, yog tus kws qhia ntawv-tus kws qhia txuj ci, tus sau ntau phau ntawv qhia txog lus Lavxias. Thawj tus poj niam ntawm tus kws sau ntawv yog Kira Mendelev, nyob rau hauv kev sib yuav nrog nws Aksenov muaj ib tug tub Alexei nyob rau hauv 1960. Tam sim no nws ua haujlwm ua tus tsim khoom tsim khoom. Tus poj ntsuam thib ob thiab tus poj ntsuam ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, Maya Aksenova (yug xyoo 1930), yog tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev lag luam txawv teb chaws los ntawm kev kawm. Thaum nws tsev neeg nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas, nws qhia Lavxias, thiab hauv tebchaws Russia nws ua haujlwm ntawm Chamber of Commerce. Vasily Pavlovich thiab Maya Afanasyevna tsis muaj menyuam yaus, tab sis Aksenov muaj ib tug ntxhais xeeb ntxwv Elena (yug xyoo 1954). Nws tuag thaum lub Yim Hli 2008.