2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Nikolai Gumilyov suav hais tias yog ib tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias teb sab poetic zej zog, ntaus nqi rau lub npe nyiaj hnub nyoog.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, nws tau tso tawm cov khoom sau "Pearls", uas tau txais cov qhab nia siab tshaj plaws thiab cov kev zoo siab los ntawm cov kwv tij uas muaj siab ntseeg hauv kev cob qhia muaj tswv yim xws li Annensky, Bryusov, Ivanov. Kev tsom xam ntawm Gumilyov zaj paj huam "Hmo ntuj" yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nkag siab ntau dua cov txheej txheem uas ua rau muaj kev qhuas zoo.
Collection "Pearl"
Gumilyov suav hais tias pearls yog ib lub pob zeb uas nws nyiam, yog li nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias nws zoo li tau muab cov npe ntawm cov ntu ntawm cov paj huam tshiab sau rau ntawm cov xov lo lo ntxhuav, sau lub caj dab zoo nkauj - "Pearl liab "Pearl grey" … Nws yog nyob rau hauv "Pearl grey" thiab Gumilyov tau txais cov paj huam "Hav tsaus ntuj", sau los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv 1908.
Kev tshuaj xyuas kev sau ntawv ntawm Nikolai Gumilyov zaj paj huam "Hnub"
Nyob rau hauv zaj paj huam, tus kws sau paj lug coj peb "hnub tsis tsim nyog" thiab "pojniam" - hmo ntuj ua cov nuj nqis tseem ceeb. Yav tsaus ntuj zoo li tsis pom, tab sis muaj kev tsis meej pem ntawm tus ntsuj plig, ib hom kev ua ntej hmo ntuj, kev cia siab. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm yav tsaus ntuj yog qhov piv txwv zoo heev, nws tsuas yog qhia txog kev tsim txom tsis meej pem ntawm qee tus neeg hu nkauj, uas tau txuas nrog hmo ntuj los ntawm kev sib raug zoo, sib zog nrog txhua lub zog ntawm nws lub siab meej rau nws. Thiab lub premonition ntawm unsteady kev zoo siab, uas hmo ntuj yuav tsum muab, nco ntsoov tias nws yog ua tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug npau suav. Li no tus yam ntxwv iab ntawm hnub - "zoo kawg nkaus thiab tsis tsim nyog." Kuv xav tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav kom nyiam tus kws sau paj huam lub siab xav hnav tus ntsuj plig nrog "poj zeb tsho loj". Nws yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account tias cov khaub ncaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txawv, lush lossis ritual, ib txwm ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb, nws txaus los nco qab lwm cov paj huam los ntawm Gumilyov.
Kev soj ntsuam ntawm "Hmo ntuj" lees paub qhov kev soj ntsuam no: lub riza raws li nws lub hom phiaj yog cov khaub ncaws ritual, siv tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov txiv plig lossis cov tim tswv thiab cov tubtxib saum ntuj. Muab tso rau hmo ntuj tsis meej (ib daim duab ntawm poj niam!) Gumilyov tau tsa nws ntawm lub pedestal, ua rau nws yog ib qho khoom ntawm qee yam kev pe hawm thiab muab ib hom kev siv rau cov vajtswv thiab tus phab ej ntawm Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws lossis Ancient Rome, ncaj qha taw tes. mus rau "kev yeej kauj ruam ntawm khau khiab", uas tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Tag nrho cov creation yog cia permeated nrog lyrical-pessimistic sau ntawv, uas yog them mloog mus rau yuav luag tag nrho cov neeg soj ntsuam uas tau soj ntsuam Gumilyov paj huam "Hav tsaus ntuj". Lawm, tam sim ntawdmuaj kev sim kos qee qhov sib piv nrog cov xwm txheej tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ntawd hauv tus kws sau paj huam lub neej txhua hnub.
Kev sib raug zoo nrog A. Akhmatova
Raws li qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm tus cwj pwm tsis zoo rau lub ntiaj teb, uas tau xav txog hauv zaj paj huam "Hmo ntuj", qee cov neeg sau ntawv hu ua qhov nyuaj thiab tsis sib xws ntawm Gumilyov txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog Anna Akhmatova.
Los ntawm 1908, tus kws sau paj lug tau rov ua dua Anna Andreevna, tau txais tsis kam teb. Kev nyuaj siab dav dav, yug tawm tsam qhov kev ua tsis tiav, txawm tias ua rau tus kws sau paj huam sim tua tus kheej. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog txawm tragicomic nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev, thaum Gumilyov, uas yog nyob rau hauv Fabkis thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, sim mus poob rau nws tus kheej. Cov neeg Fabkis txoj kev paub zoo, ua yuam kev Gumilyov rau lub tramp, tam sim ntawd hu ua tub ceev xwm pab tub ceev xwm, uas rub lub siab phem siab phem tawm hauv dej. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1909, Akhmatova txawm li cas los xij pom zoo rau kev sib yuav, lees txais nws tus txiv yav tom ntej tsis yog kev hlub, tab sis raws li txoj hmoo. Tsis muaj cov txheeb ze ntawm tus kws sau paj lug ntawm lub tshoob ceremony nws tus kheej, vim hais tias lawv tsuas tsis ntseeg nws. Thiab tsis ntev Gumilyov poob kev txaus siab rau nws tus poj niam zoo nkauj thiab siv sijhawm feem ntau mus ncig.
Nyeem kev tshuaj ntsuam ntawm Gumilev zaj paj huam "Hmo ntuj"
Cov Ntawv Sau Txog Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj tau tuaj rau cov neeg nyeem nkaus xwb thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, thaum nws pib muab tso rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Thaum lub sijhawm kawm, cov menyuam yaus tau qhia rau cov neeg sawv cev nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub zej zog poetic thiab tshuaj xyuas qee yam haujlwm."Hmo ntuj" feem ntau yog ntawm lawv. Kev tsom xam ntawm cov yam ntxwv sib xws (tsib kab, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txiv neej cov lus sib dhos, iambic tetrameter, thiab lwm yam), uas zoo ib yam li kev sib cais ntawm cov paj huam ntawm kev zoo nkauj thiab lub suab, yog softened los ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv feem ntau nrog rau kev qhia koj impressions. Gumilyov zaj paj huam "Hnub". Thiab cov me nyuam qhia thiab cim cov kab lus zoo kawg nkaus:
Ntxhais ya los ntawm lub hnub qub, Lub hli ci ntsa iab - koj lub dab teg, Thiab muab rau kuv hauv npau suav
Lub Tebchaws cog lus - Kev nyuaj siab ntev.
Read Gumilyov!
Pom zoo:
Zhukovsky, "Hmo ntuj": tsom xam, cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm paj huam
Hauv kab lus no koj yuav tau nyeem cov lus piav qhia ntawm zaj paj huam "Hmo ntuj" los ntawm Zhukovsky, kawm nws cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab lus
Paj huam yav tsaus ntuj. Cov paj huam ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam
Tus nqi paj huam yog ib qho nyuaj rau overestimate. Nws tsis tuag txawm tias nws tsis raug tso cai los tsim kho, txwv tsis pub, raug tsim txom, thaum tus kws sau paj huam nrhiav tsis tau ib qho chaw hauv nws Leej Txiv. Thaum cov neeg tsim tawm mus, nws tseem nyob thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub siab ntawm cov neeg nyeem cov kab lus poetic. Tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam yog ib tug tiag tiag kev nplij siab rau tus ntsuj plig
Pushkin, "Lub caij ntuj no yav tsaus ntuj": tsom xam ntawm paj huam
Pushkin sau "Lub caij ntuj no Hmo" nyob rau lub sijhawm nyuaj ntawm nws lub neej. Tej zaum yog vim li cas thiaj li muaj kev cia siab, kev tu siab thiab tib lub sijhawm cia siab rau yav tom ntej zoo dua los ntawm zaj paj huam. Nyob rau hauv 1824, Alexander Sergeevich raug tso cai rov qab los ntawm nws yav qab teb exile. Xav txog nws qhov kev poob siab thaum tus kws sau paj huam pom tias nws tau tso cai nyob tsis nyob hauv St. Petersburg lossis Moscow, tab sis nyob rau hauv tsev neeg qub qub ntawm Mikhailovsky, txiav tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab nraud
Kev tshuaj ntsuam ntawm Tyutchev cov paj huam "Kev Hlub Kawg", "Autumn Yav tsaus ntuj". Tyutchev: tsom xam ntawm paj huam "Thunderstorm"
Lavxias teb sab classics mob siab rau ntau tus ntawm lawv cov haujlwm rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev hlub, thiab Tyutchev tsis sawv ib sab. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm nws cov paj huam qhia tau hais tias tus kws sau paj huam qhia qhov kev xav zoo nkauj no heev thiab muaj kev xav
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lermontov. Lermontov cov paj huam hais txog paj huam
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv Lermontov txoj haujlwm yog ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus. Mikhail Yuryevich mob siab rau ntau yam haujlwm rau nws. Tab sis peb yuav tsum pib nrog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv lub ntiaj teb tus kws sau paj huam - kev kho siab. Nws muaj tus cwj pwm universal. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov no yog tus xaiv ntawm Lermontov tus hero, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, nws foom phem. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam qhia txog kev sib tham ntawm tus tsim thiab nws cov neeg nyeem
