2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Didactics yog ib ceg ntawm pedagogy uas cuam tshuam nrog cov kev xav dav dav ntawm kev kawm thiab kev kawm. Tus sau lo lus no raug suav hais tias yog Rathke, tus kws qhia German paub zoo. Nws thawj zaug siv lub tswv yim ntawm "didactics" hauv chav kawm ntawm nws cov lus qhuab qhia. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus nws tus kheej yog txuas nrog Greek "didaktikos" thiab "didasko", uas txhais tau hais tias "muaj feem rau kev kawm", nrog rau kev kos duab ntawm kev qhia, ua pov thawj, piav qhia.
Didactics as a science
Didactics yog kev qhuab qhia kev tshawb fawb, thiab nws tshawb nrhiav tsis yog kev xav xwb, tab sis kuj yog kev coj ua ntawm kev qhia. Zoo li txhua yam kev tshawb fawb, didactics kuj muaj nws cov ntsiab lus thiab cov khoom. Qhov kev kawm yog kev cob qhia, uas ua raws li kev loj hlob thiab kev kawm ntawm ib tug neeg. Cov khoom yog cov txheej txheem kev kawm tiag tiag nrog txhua yam ntawm lawv: nyiam, yam ntxwv, tsis tu ncua. Ua raws li qhov tseem ceeb theoretical core rau pedagogy, didactics pab teb cov lus nug txog dab tsi thiab yuav qhia li cas? Rau cov txheej txheem kev kawm zoo thiab kev kawm, Didactics yog qhov tsim nyog heev. Kev kawm yog nws txoj kev nyiam. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog aggravated nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no niaj hnub no, vim hais tias tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv txhua qhov kev paub yog nce sai heev.nce thiab hloov kho.
Dav dav thiab tshwj xeeb tsis ua haujlwm. Nws cov hauj lwm
Kev qhia dav dav yog lub tswvyim dav dua, vim nws xav paub txog dab tsi, rau lub hom phiaj twg thiab yuav qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm li cas ntawm txhua qib kev kawm thiab txhua yam kev kawm. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov kev kawm (private didactics) txhim kho theoretical foundations rau kev qhia tshwj xeeb kev qhuab qhia. Ob qho tib si ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb no muaj kev sib cuam tshuam: kev ua haujlwm dav dav yog lub hauv paus rau qhov tshwj xeeb thiab tib lub sijhawm yog nyob ntawm lawv cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm didactics yog kev piav qhia thiab kev piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm, kev pom zoo ntawm cov xwm txheej rau nws qhov kev siv, tsim cov kev kawm tshiab thiab thev naus laus zis.
Didactic systems
Didactics yog ib qho system, thiab muaj peb hom kab ke: tsoos, pedocentric thiab niaj hnub. Hauv cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog muab rau tus kws qhia ntawv thiab nws cov haujlwm. Nws yuav tsum tsim nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis yog tsuas yog theoretical kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse, tab sis kuj muaj nuj nqis-kev coj ncaj ncees tswv yim. Nws yog dav siv, systematized, tab sis authoritarian. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub pedocentric system yog tus me nyuam. Cov txheej txheem kev kawm nyob ntawm nws lub peev xwm thiab kev nyiam, kev paub tau txais hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ub no. Tab sis systematicity yog ploj, cov khoom yog xaiv chaotically. Cov txheej txheem niaj hnub no tau ua ke qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ob qho dhau los.
Jan Amos Comenius
Nov yog tus sau ua haujlwm "Great Didactics", qhov twg nws xub nthuav tawm nws raws li kev tshawb fawbkev paub. Cov ntsiab cai Didactic tau teev tseg los ntawm nws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Cov tseem ceeb muaj xws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm visibility, sib xws, systematic thiab feasibility ntawm kev kawm, kev nco qab ntawm kev kawm, kev loj hlob ntawm kev txawj ntse muaj peev xwm thiab lub zog ntawm assimilation. Nws kuj yog Comenius uas tau npaj cov txheej txheem qhia hauv chav kawm, uas tseem siv niaj hnub no.
Pom zoo:
Daim ntawv teev cov phau ntawv nthuav qhia rau menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. Daim ntawv teev cov phau ntawv nthuav: fantasy, detectives thiab lwm yam
Zaj lus yuav muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov neeg ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog uas xav npaj lawv lub sijhawm so los ntawm kev nyeem cov duab kos duab. Cov npe ntawm cov phau ntawv nthuav dav suav nrog cov menyuam yaus cov dab neeg, cov dab neeg taug txuj kev nyuaj, cov dab neeg tshawb nrhiav, kev npau suav, qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas yuav zoo siab txawm tias cov neeg nyeem zoo tshaj plaws
Vesti tsis yog tsuas yog ib txoj haujlwm xwb, tab sis kuj yog nws cov neeg nthuav qhia
Tam sim no muaj ntau yam xov xwm hauv TV. Ob peb txoj kev coj hauv lawv cov zaub, ib qho ntawm Rossiya 1, yog ib feem ntawm lub xeev cov tswv (raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov koom nrog hauv lub xeev). Cov channel no tshaj tawm xov xwm txog ib zaug txhua ob peb teev. Qhov kev tshaj tawm tseem ceeb hauv hom ntawv no yog nyob ntawm Vesti program thiab nws cov kev hloov pauv ntau yam
Nws yog ib qho ntxiv! Hais txog txoj kev khwv tau nyiaj thiab ib qho kev nyiam nyiam nyiam
Xyaum txhua qhov TV uas peb pom hauv cov ntxaij vab tshaus TV txhua hnub tsis yog tsuas yog cov cim tseem ceeb (tus neeg nthuav qhia thiab tus phab ej), tab sis kuj muaj tag nrho cov neeg saib. Leej twg yog tag nrho cov neeg no, cov neeg saib nyob rau sab ntawm qhov screen xav tsis thoob? Cov lus teb yog yooj yim: qhov no yog extras los yog, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lam ntawm cov neeg coob coob scenes. Txog kev nkag mus rau hauv pawg neeg coob npaum li cas, koj tuaj yeem khwv tau npaum li cas ntawm nws, nrog rau cov uas feem ntau xaiv txoj haujlwm no, tau piav qhia hauv peb tsab xov xwm
Yuav ua li cas tso ib qho kev nthuav qhia thawj koom ruam ntawm 1xBet: kauj ruam yog kauj ruam cov lus qhia, lub tswv yim thiab tricks
Kev sib tw kis las tsis yog tsuas yog kev zoo siab thiab kev xav ntawm kev saib nws xwb. Cov bookmakers uas twb muaj lawm muab sijhawm rau lawv cov neeg siv khoom kom tau nyiaj zoo ntawm qhov no. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom paub yuav ua li cas bet ib accumulator ntawm 1xBet los yog lwm bookmaker, thiab txawm hais tias nws tag nrho nkag. Thiab rau qhov no koj yuav tsum to taub cov xwm txheej ntawm ntiaj teb kev ua si
Kev dhia hauv kev ntaus pob yog ib qho kev seev cev nyuaj tshaj plaws
Ballet yog ib hom kev kos duab tshwj xeeb. Cov neeg seev cev siv lawv lub cev lus los qhia cov neeg tuaj saib sib txawv dab neeg. Ua yeeb yam thiab comedy yog embodied nyob rau hauv choreographic dluab, ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau nyuaj ntsiab uas yog ib tug dhia nyob rau hauv ballet
