Shakespeare's Globe Theatre. Ib qho ntawm cov ua yeeb yam qub tshaj plaws hauv London: keeb kwm
Shakespeare's Globe Theatre. Ib qho ntawm cov ua yeeb yam qub tshaj plaws hauv London: keeb kwm

Video: Shakespeare's Globe Theatre. Ib qho ntawm cov ua yeeb yam qub tshaj plaws hauv London: keeb kwm

Video: Shakespeare's Globe Theatre. Ib qho ntawm cov ua yeeb yam qub tshaj plaws hauv London: keeb kwm
Video: (Подзаголовок) Нарисуйте 16 случайных ящиков 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Shakespeare's Globe Theatre yog suav tias yog ib lub npe nrov tshaj plaws tsis yog hauv UK nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj nyob hauv Europe. Niaj hnub no nws tsis yog tsuas yog ib lub tsev kawm txuj ci nto moo, qhov uas koj tuaj yeem pom cov thawj coj nto moo thiab saib cov hnub qub ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua yeeb yam scene ua si, tab sis kuj yog ib qho chaw nto moo tshaj plaws hauv London.

Backstory

Nws tag nrho pib nrog kev tsim kho thawj zaug pej xeem ua yeeb yam hauv London xyoo 1576 hauv Shoreditch, uas txhua tus tsuas yog hu ua "Theatre". Nws tau koom nrog James Burbage, uas ua haujlwm ua ib tug kws ntoo hauv nws cov hluas, tab sis tom qab ntawd los ua ib tug neeg ua yeeb yam thiab koom nrog nws pawg neeg. Qhov kev ua yeeb yam no muaj mus txog rau xyoo 1597, thaum tus tswv ntawm thaj av uas nws sawv tau thov kom cov phiaj xwm tawm mus lossis kom them nqi xauj tsev ob npaug. Tom qab ntawd cov tub ntawm tus tswv ntawm lub koom haum - Richard thiab Cuthbert - txiav txim siab los tsim ib lub tsev tshiab nyob rau sab nraud ntawm Thames thiab thauj mus rau rafts lub demantled ntoo qauv ntawm theem - beam los ntawm beam.

Shakespeare's Globe Theatre
Shakespeare's Globe Theatre

thawj "Lub Ntiaj Teb"

Kev tsim kho lub tsev ua yeeb yam tshiab tau siv sijhawm 2 xyoos. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Burbage cov qub txeeg qub teg tau los ua tus tswv ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub tsev thiab coj 50 feem pua ntawm cov koom haum tshiab. Raws li qhov seem kev ruaj ntseg, lawv tau faib lawv ntawm ob peb tus neeg nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm pawg qub, ib tus yog tus ua yeeb yam thiab tus sau ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov yeeb yam uas ua rau lub ntiaj teb repertoire - William Shakespeare.

Lub tsev ua yeeb yam tshiab tsuas yog siv sijhawm 14 xyoo xwb, thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov haujlwm sau los ntawm tus kws ua yeeb yam zoo. Lub Ntiaj Teb yog qhov nrov heev, thiab ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib feem ntau tuaj yeem pom cov nom tswv tseem ceeb thiab cov thawj coj. Muaj ib zaug, thaum qhov kev ua si "Henry lub Yimth" nyob rau theem, lub theatre cannon ua tsis tau tejyam, vim hais tias ntawm lub ru tsev thatched ignited, thiab lub tsev ntoo hlawv rau hauv av nyob rau hauv ob peb teev. Hmoov zoo, tsis muaj leej twg, tsuas yog rau ib tus neeg saib uas tau txais kev kub hnyiab me me, raug mob, tab sis Shakespeare's Globe Theatre, suav tias yog ib lub koom haum nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm nws hom hauv tebchaws Askiv thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, raug rhuav tshem.

English Theatre "Globe"
English Theatre "Globe"

Keeb Kwm ntawm 1614 txog 1642

Tsis ntev tom qab qhov hluav taws kub, lub tsev ua yeeb yam tau rov ua dua nyob rau tib qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, txog niaj hnub no, cov kws tshawb fawb tsis muaj lub tswv yim zoo txog seb William Shakespeare tau koom nrog cov nyiaj txiag ntawm txoj haujlwm tshiab. Raws li biographers ntawm playwright sau ntawv, lub sijhawm no nws muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv loj, thiab nws muaj peev xwm maj mam pib so. Txawm li cas los xij, Shakespearetuag lub Plaub Hlis 23, 1616, thaum lub tsev ua yeeb yam thib ob tau mus txog rau xyoo 1642. Nws yog thaum ntawd lub Ntiaj Teb raug kaw, thiab nws pawg neeg raug rho tawm, raws li kev tsov rog hauv tebchaws Askiv tau tshwm sim, thiab cov Puritans uas tau los ua lub hwj chim tau ua tiav qhov kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev lom zem uas tsis sib haum nrog Protestant kev coj ncaj ncees. Tom qab 2 xyoos, lub tsev ua yeeb yam tau rhuav tshem tag nrho, yog li tso chaw rau kev tsim kho vaj tsev nyob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tsim kho tau ua tiav yog li tsis muaj qhov ntawd tsis muaj ib qho kev sib tw ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev ua yeeb yam.

Excavations

Great Britain yog lub npe hu ua lub tebchaws uas dhau 500 xyoo dhau los lawv tau mob siab rau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov txawv heev uas mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem sau npe rau qhov chaw uas lub npe nrov Shakespeare's Globe Theatre nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th. Lub teeb ntawm cov lus nug no tau tso tawm los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm yav dhau los ua rau xyoo 1989 hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb ntawm Anchor Terrace, nyob ntawm Park Street. Tom qab ntawd cov kws tshawb fawb tau tswj xyuas qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus thiab ib qho ntawm cov yees ntawm lub Ntiaj Teb. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, nws yuav tsim nyog txuas ntxiv mus tshawb nrhiav cov tawg tshiab ntawm lub tsev ua yeeb yam hauv cheeb tsam no txawm tias niaj hnub no. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb tsis tuaj yeem ua tau, vim tias muaj cov vaj tsev monuments ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th nyob ze, uas, raws li txoj cai lij choj British, tsis raug tshuaj xyuas.

tsev ua yeeb yam
tsev ua yeeb yam

Dab tsi yog lub tsev ua yeeb yam hauv qab Shakespeare

Qhov ntev ntawm qhov thib ob "Lub Ntiaj Teb" tseem tsis tau paub meej, tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb tau rov qab kho nws txoj kev npaj nrog zooraug. Tshwj xeeb, lawv tau tswj hwm los tsim kom tau tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm peb-tiered qhib amphitheatre nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 97-102 ko taw, uas muaj peev xwm ua kom haum rau 3 txhiab tus neeg saib. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau pib ntseeg tias cov qauv no yog puag ncig, tab sis kev khawb ntawm ib feem ntawm lub hauv paus pom tau tias nws zoo li 18- lossis 20-sided qauv thiab muaj tsawg kawg yog ib tus pej thuam.

Raws li cov qauv sab hauv ntawm Ntiaj Teb, lub elongated proscenium mus txog nruab nrab ntawm lub tshav puam qhib. Lub sijhawm nws tus kheej, nrog lub qhov rooj, los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam tawm thaum tsim nyog, yog 43 feet dav, 27 feet ntev thiab tau tsa saum av mus rau qhov siab txog li 1.5 m.

Spectator seats

Cov lus piav qhia ntawm Globe Theatre uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no qhia tau hais tias cov thawv zoo nkauj rau cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe tau nyob ntawm phab ntsa ntawm thawj qib. Saum toj no lawv yog qhov chaw rau cov pej xeem nplua nuj, thaum tsis tshua muaj neeg zoo tab sis hwm Londoners thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj nyiaj, saib qhov kev ua yeeb yam, zaum ntawm cov rooj zaum nyob rau ntawm theem. Kuj tseem muaj ib lub qhov ntxa nyob hauv lub tsev ua yeeb yam, qhov twg cov neeg pluag tau tso cai, leej twg tuaj yeem them 1 lub nyiaj los saib kev ua yeeb yam. Interestingly, pawg no muaj ib tug cwj pwm ntawm noj txiv ntseej thiab txiv kab ntxwv thaum lub sij hawm ua yeeb yam, yog li thaum excavating lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, pawg ntawm plhaub fragments thiab citrus noob tau pom.

Backstage and seats for musicians

Ib lub ru tsev tau tsa saum lub nraub qaum ntawm theem, txhawb nqa los ntawm tus ncej loj. Hauv qab nws, ntawm qhov deb ntawm tib neeg qhov siab, muaj lub qab nthab nrog lub hatch, pleev xim rauhuab, los ntawm qhov twg, yog tias tsim nyog, cov neeg ua yeeb yam tuaj yeem nqis los ntawm txoj hlua, qhia txog deities lossis cov tubtxib saum ntuj. Thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam, cov neeg ua haujlwm theem kuj tau nyob ntawd, txo qis lossis tsa qhov chaw.

kev piav qhia ua yeeb yam
kev piav qhia ua yeeb yam

Los ntawm backstage, qhov twg cov tswv cuab ntawm pab pawg tau hloov lawv cov khaub ncaws thiab los ntawm qhov chaw lawv saib qhov kev ua yeeb yam hauv kev cia siab tias lawv tawm, ob lossis peb lub qhov rooj coj mus rau theem. Lub sam thiaj nyob ib sab ntawm lub tis, qhov chaw uas cov kws ntaus nkauj ntawm lub theatre orchestra tau zaum, thiab hauv qee qhov kev ua yeeb yam, piv txwv li, thaum tsim Romeo thiab Juliet, nws tau siv los ua lub platform ntxiv uas qhov kev ua si tau tshwm sim.

Shakespeare's Globe Theatre hnub no

England yog suav tias yog ib lub tebchaws uas nws pab rau lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev ua yeeb yam yog qhov nyuaj rau overestimate. Thiab niaj hnub no, paub zoo, suav nrog keeb kwm, ua yeeb yam hauv London, uas muaj ntau tshaj li kaum ob, tsis muaj cov neeg saib thoob plaws lub caij nyoog. Ntawm qhov kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb yog qhov thib peb "Lub Ntiaj Teb" nyob rau hauv kab, txij li thaum mus xyuas nws yog zoo ib yam li lub sij hawm mus txawv tebchaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg ncig tebchaws tau nyiam los ntawm kev sib tham hauv tsev cia puav pheej ua haujlwm raws li nws.

Nyob rau xyoo 1990, lub tswv yim tau tshwm sim los ua kom lub ntiaj teb ua yeeb yam hauv Askiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus thawj coj Asmeskas paub zoo thiab ua yeeb yam Sam Wanamaker, uas yog tus thawj coj ntawm txoj haujlwm, tau hais tias lub tsev tshiab yuav tsum ua kom zoo li qhov qub kom ntau li ntau tau. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg ncig teb chaw uas twb tau mus koom qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Globe Theatre ua pov thawj tias ib pab pawg loj ntawm cov kws kos duab nto moo, cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov kws pab tswv yim tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov project rau kev txhawb siab ntawm ib qho ntawm cov kab lis kev cai nto moo tshaj plaws.cov tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm London, nws ua tau zoo mus rau lub fullest. Lawv txawm npog lub ru tsev nrog cov nyom, ntub nws nrog cov hluav taws kub sib ntaus sib tua, txawm hais tias cov khoom siv hauv tsev no tsis tau siv nyob rau hauv lub nroog British rau ntau tshaj 250 xyoo. Qhov qhib tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1997, thiab txog li 18 xyoo nws tau tuaj yeem saib kev ua yeeb yam ntawm ntau yam ntawm Shakespeare cov yeeb yam nrog cov khoom qub thiab cov khaub ncaws. Ntxiv mus, raws li thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm James tus thawj thiab Charles thawj, tsis muaj teeb pom kev zoo nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam thiab ua yeeb yam tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub hnub.

Shakespeare's Globe Theatre
Shakespeare's Globe Theatre

Kev ua haujlwm

Raws li twb tau hais lawm, lub hauv paus ntawm repertoire ntawm revived "Lub Ntiaj Teb" - plays los ntawm William Shakespeare. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov yog ua yeeb yam xws li "Lub Taming ntawm Shrew", "King Lear", "Henry IV", "Hamlet" thiab lwm yam, uas yog ua si li lawv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th. Nyob rau hauv kev ncaj ncees, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tsis yog tag nrho cov kab lig kev cai ntawm Shakespearean ua yeeb yam tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub. Tshwj xeeb, cov poj niam lub luag haujlwm tam sim no tau ua los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam, tsis yog los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam, raws li kev cai 250 xyoo dhau los.

Tsis ntev los no cov ua yeeb yam tuaj ncig xyuas tebchaws Russia thiab coj cov khoom ua si "Ib nrab Hmo Ntuj Npau Suav". Tsis tsuas yog Muscovites, tab sis kuj cov neeg nyob hauv Yekaterinburg, Pskov thiab ntau lwm lub nroog ntawm peb lub teb chaws tuaj yeem pom nws. Cov lus teb los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias tau ntau dua kev qhuas, txawm tias cov neeg saib feem ntau tau mloog cov ntawv nyeem ib txhij, uas tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev nkag siab ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam kev ua yeeb yam.

Keeb kwm ntawm Globe Theatre
Keeb kwm ntawm Globe Theatre

Nws nyob qhov twg thiab yuav mus li cas

Hnub no Shakespeare's Globe Theatre nyob ntawm: TshiabGlobe Walk, SE1. Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws kom tau txais yog los ntawm subway mus rau Cannon St, Mansion House chaw nres tsheb. Txij li thaum lub tsev tsis muaj lub ru tsev, nws tuaj yeem dhau los ua tus saib ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Globe Theatre nkaus xwb txij lub Tsib Hlis 19 txog Lub Cuaj Hli 20. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev ncig xyuas lub tsev tau teeb tsa thoob plaws lub xyoo, tso cai rau koj kom pom tsis tau tsuas yog theem thiab lub rooj sib tham, tab sis kuj yuav ua li cas cov scenery thiab backstage tau npaj. Cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem pom cov khaub ncaws ua raws li cov duab kos ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th thiab cov khoom qub ua yeeb yam. Tus nqi rau kev mus saib ua yeeb yam raws li lub tsev khaws puav pheej ua yeeb yam txij thaum Shakespeare yog 7 phaus rau menyuam yaus thiab 11 phaus rau cov neeg laus.

Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Globe Theatre
Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Globe Theatre

Tam sim no koj paub keeb kwm ntawm Globe Theatre, yuav ua li cas mus txog qhov ntawd thiab ua yeeb yam dab tsi koj tuaj yeem pom muaj.

Pom zoo: