Dmitry Kedrin: biography thiab nthuav tseeb ntawm lub neej

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

D. Kedrin, ib tug txawj sau ntawv ntawm post-revolutionary Russia, yog shrouded nyob rau hauv lub mysteries ntawm lub neej thiab kev tuag. Nws niam yog tus ntxhais tsis tau sib yuav ntawm ib tug nom tswv nrog cov hauv paus hniav Polish. Tab sis ntshai kev txaj muag thiab npau taws ntawm nws txiv, nws tso tus tub hauv tsev neeg ntawm tus kws saib xyuas neeg mob. Yav tom ntej tus kws sau paj lug tau txais los ntawm nws tus muam tus txiv.

Raws li txoj hmoo phem haunted tus kws sau paj lug thoob plaws nws lub xyoo pua. Nws yeej tsis muaj nws lub ces kaum, nws mob siab ua hauj lwm ntau heev, tau txais nyiaj me ntsis, muab tej hauj lwm uas tsis tau tshaj tawm rau hauv lub rooj.

Txawm hais tias qhov kev tshuaj xyuas zoo heev ntawm Bagritsky, Mayakovsky, Gorky, lub tsev tshaj tawm, nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev zam txim, tsis xav luam tawm Kedrin cov phau ntawv. Tus kws sau ntawv muab tag nrho nws cov kev tsim tawm uas tsis lees paub rau ntawm lub rooj kom txog thaum cov neeg tuaj saib.

Tib phau ntawv uas tawm thaum lub neej ntawm tus kws sau paj lug yog phau "Cov Timkhawv" (1940). Cov ntawv sau tau xa rov qab 13 zaug rau kev kho dua tshiab. Vim li ntawd, 17 zaj paj huam tseem nyob hauv phau ntawv.

Dmitry Kedrin. Biography

Nyob lub caij ntuj no, ib tug kws sau paj lug tau yug los. 1907-04-02 Dmitry Borisovich yug nyob rau hauv lub zos Shcheglovka. Kedrin. Nws yawg yog ib lub lauj kaub ntawm Polish keeb kwm I. Ruto-Rutenko-Rutnitsky. Nws tus ntxhais yau Olga, tus kws sau ntawv niam, yug tau ib tug tub los ntawm kev ua tshoob. Nws tau txais los ntawm tus txiv ntawm nws tus phauj Boris Kedrin, uas muab tus kws sau paj lug nws lub xeem thiab patronymic. Xyoo 1914, Dmitry txiv tuag, thiab peb tus poj niam pib saib xyuas nws - Olga Ivanovna niam, nws cov viv ncaus thiab pog.

Thaum Dmitry muaj 6 xyoo, nws tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Yekaterinoslav, uas tam sim no tau los ua Dnepropetrovsk. Xyoo 1916, thaum muaj cuaj xyoos, yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug Dmitry Kedrin nkag mus rau Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Lag Luam. Tsis tau txais kev paub tsim nyog nyob rau ntawd, nws pib kawm nws tus kheej, uas nws mob siab rau yuav luag tag nrho nws lub sijhawm dawb. Nws nyiam kawm tsis tau tsuas yog keeb kwm thiab ntaub ntawv xwb, tab sis kuj geography, botany, philosophy Dmitry Kedrin. Phau ntawv keeb kwm qhia ntxiv hais tias ntawm lub rooj nws muaj phau ntawv txhais lus encyclopedic thiab cov ntawv sau txog lub neej ntawm cov tsiaj. Lub sijhawm no, nws pib mob siab rau hauv paj huam. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov paj huam ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau mob siab rau kev hloov pauv hauv lub tebchaws.

Kawm thiab koom tes nrog cov tshaj tawm

Lub kiv puag ncig uas tshwm sim xyoo 1917, nrog rau Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb, hloov tus kws sau ntawv cov phiaj xwm. Dmitry Kedrin muaj peev xwm mus txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1922, thaum nws tau txais mus rau lub railway technical school. Tab sis nws yeej tsis kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no vim qhov muag tsis pom kev. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1924, tus kws sau paj lug tau nkag mus rau qhov kev pab cuam raws li ib tug neeg sau xov xwm nyob rau hauv lub luam tawm "Lub Los Hloov". Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, Kedrin Dmitry Borisovich pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub koom haum sau ntawv "Young Smithy". Biography ntawm tus kws sau paj lug qhia tias lub sijhawm ntawd nwstau sau cov ntawv sau txog cov thawj coj tsim khoom, nrog rau ntau lub feuilletons.

Nws cov ntaub ntawv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv Moscow, qhov chaw nws thawj zaug mus rau xyoo 1925. Nws cov paj huam tau luam tawm hauv Komsomolskaya Pravda, Tshawb Fawb, Tub Ceev Xwm thiab lwm yam kev tshaj tawm. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Kedrin txoj haujlwm tau sau tseg nws tus kheej style.

Poet's arrest

Dmitry Kedrin tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv nws tus neeg raug ntes txawm tias muaj ntau yam kev tshaj tawm hauv tsev tshaj tawm. Nws raug ntes nyob rau hauv 1929 vim nws tsis ntxeev siab rau nws tus phooj ywg, uas nws txiv yog ib tug general nyob rau hauv Denikin pab tub rog. Tom qab siv sijhawm ib xyoos thiab peb lub hlis hauv tsev lojcuj, Dmitry Kedrin raug tso tawm. Tom qab ntawd, nws sib yuav thiab nyob rau hauv 1931 tsiv mus rau Moscow, qhov chaw uas nws pib nyob rau hauv lub qab daus ntawm lub tsev loj ntawm Taganka. Cov tsev neeg hluas nyob ntawd mus txog rau xyoo 1934. Tom qab ntawd lawv tsiv mus rau Cherkizovo nrog lawv tus ntxhais.

Vim yog tus kws sau paj huam raug ntes tau qee lub sij hawm tsis kam luam tawm. Dmitry Kedrin tam sim no ua haujlwm ua tus kws pab tswv yim ntawm Young Guard thiab ua tus editor ntawm Goslitizdat. Ntawm no, nyob rau hauv 1932, thawj tej hauj lwm ntawm tus kws sau paj lug tom qab qhov xaus tau luam tawm. Ntawm lawv yog cov paj huam "Doll", uas Gorky nws tus kheej pom. Tus so ntawm Kedrin txoj hauj lwm, uas ua raws li qhov no, tau mob siab rau lub chamber, keeb kwm thiab intimate cov ntsiab lus uas nws pe hawm kev zoo nkauj tiag tiag. Cov lus teb yog kev thuam tsoomfwv hnyav.

Creativity Kedrin

Xyoo 1932, Kedrin tau sau paj huam "Doll", uas ua rau muaj koob meej rau tus kws sau paj huam. Lawv hais tias nws ua rau Gorky los kua muag. Lub Kaum Hli 26, 1932, nws tau teeb tsa kev nyeem cov paj huam no hauv nws chav tsev, nrog rau cov tswv cuab ntawm cov thawj coj loj. "Doll" tau hnov los ntawm Budyonny, Zhdanov, Yagoda thiab Bukharin. Stalin kuj nyiam ua haujlwm. Vim li cas nws tau luam tawm los ntawm Krasnaya Nov. Tom qab tsab ntawv no, tus kws sau ntawv tau sawv los ua tus kws sau ntawv. Tab sis qhov kev pom zoo ntawm lub teb chaws kev coj noj coj ua tsis tau pab tus kws sau paj huam heev, tag nrho nws cov kev sim los tshaj tawm txoj hauj lwm ua tsis tiav, uas chim siab rau tus kws sau paj lug Kedrin Dmitry. Nws biography hais tias tus kws sau ntawv tso tag nrho nws cov kev tsim tawm uas tsis lees paub rau ntawm lub rooj.

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 30s, Kedrin pib piav txog keeb kwm ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv nws cov ntaub ntawv. Tom qab ntawd nws sau "Architects", "Nes" thiab "Song about Alena the Txwj Laug".

Xyoo 1938, Kedrin tau tsim cov paj huam "Architects", uas cov neeg thuam hu ua cov paj huam xyoo pua nees nkaum. Ib txoj haujlwm hais txog cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm St. Basil's Cathedral tau tshoov siab Andrei Tarkovsky los tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab Andrei Rublev. Ua ntej tsov rog, Kedrin tau luam tawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab Rembrandt.

Ntau Kedrin cov paj huam tau teem rau suab paj nruag. Nws kuj muaj kev txhais lus los ntawm Georgian, Lithuanian, Ukrainian thiab lwm yam lus. Nws cov paj huam tau muab txhais ua Ukrainian.

Lub neej thaum tsov rog

Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj tau raug ntes thawj zaug los ntawm Dmitry Kedrin hauv Cherkizovo. Nws tsis tau mus ua tub rog vim qhov muag tsis pom kev. Nws tsis kam khiav tawm, uas nws yuav khuv xim, vim cov Nazis mus txog lub zos xwb 15 km.

Thawj xyoo ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, nws txhais cov paj huam tawm tsam cov neegSoviet Union thiab sau ob phau ntawv paj huam. Tab sis cov tshaj tawm no tsis kam tshaj tawm lawv.

Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav lig xyoo 1943, Dmitry thaum kawg tuaj yeem mus rau pem hauv ntej. Txog rau xyoo 1944, nws tau ua haujlwm ua tus sau xov xwm rau Falcon of the Motherland, uas tau koom nrog rau Sixth Air Army, uas tau tawm tsam rau sab qaum teb hnub poob.

Kev tuag ntawm Kedrin

Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1945, Kedrin, nrog rau lwm tus kws sau ntawv, tau mus rau Chisinau, qhov chaw nws nyiam heev. Nws txawm xav tsiv mus nyob ntawd nrog nws tsev neeg.

Dmitry Borisovich Kedrin tuag nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej tragic thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 18, 1945. Nws poob hauv qab lub log ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau thaum nws rov qab los ntawm Moscow rau nws lub zos.

Heirs of Kedrin

Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog tus poj niam heroic uas rau ntau tshaj li ib nrab xyoo pua rau siab ntseeg khaws cia, sau thiab npaj rau kev tshaj tawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Kedrin - nws tus poj ntsuam Lyudmila. Tom qab nws niam, nws tus ntxhais Svetlana txuas ntxiv nws txoj haujlwm. Nws yog ib tug neeg txhais lus, kws sau paj lug, tus tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum sau ntawv, thiab sau phau ntawv hais txog nws txiv, Nyob Tawm Tsam Txhua Yam.

6.02.2007 Ib lub monument rau Dmitry Kedrin tau nthuav tawm hauv Mytishchi. Nws tus sau yog Nikolai Selivanov. Tus kws sau paj lug tus ntxhais thiab tus tub xeeb ntxwv, tus kws sau paj huam lub npe, tuaj rau ntawm kev ua koob tsheej hnub yug ntawm tus kws sau ntawv thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm qhib lub monument. Dmitry Borisovich - artist, yog ib tug laureate ntawm khoom plig nyob rau hauv daim teb no.