Artist Perov: biography, xyoo ntawm lub neej, creativity, lub npe ntawm paintings, nthuav qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej

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Artist Perov: biography, xyoo ntawm lub neej, creativity, lub npe ntawm paintings, nthuav qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej
Artist Perov: biography, xyoo ntawm lub neej, creativity, lub npe ntawm paintings, nthuav qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej

Video: Artist Perov: biography, xyoo ntawm lub neej, creativity, lub npe ntawm paintings, nthuav qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej

Video: Artist Perov: biography, xyoo ntawm lub neej, creativity, lub npe ntawm paintings, nthuav qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej
Video: Koj Hais Dab Tsi?/Suabci Kwm & Ab Meej Ham/Official MV 2023 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Yuav luag txhua tus neeg nyob hauv peb lub tebchaws paub cov duab "Tsov Neeg Soj Ntsuam", "Troika" thiab "Tshuaj yej haus hauv Mytishchi", tab sis, tej zaum, tsawg dua cov neeg paub tias lawv yog cov txhuam ntawm cov neeg taug kev. Vasily Perov - ib tug artist. Nws lub peev xwm qub qub tau tso peb cov pov thawj tsis nco qab txog lub neej kev sib raug zoo ntawm XIX caug xyoo.

Early childhood

Hnub Xyoo Tshiab Xyoo 1833 hauv lub nroog Siberian me me, Tobolsk, hauv tsev neeg ntawm tus kws lij choj hauv zos G. K. Lub hnub yug ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej artist Perov yeej tsis tau txiav txim siab hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 21, lossis Kaum Ob Hlis 23 (raws li cov qauv qub, raws li tus tshiab - Lub Ib Hlis 2, 1834). Tsis ntev cov niam txiv tau sib yuav, tiam sis tsis muaj teeb meem ntxiv lawm. Thaum ua kev cai raus dej, nws tau txais lub xeem Vasiliev tom qab lub npe ntawm nws txiv, nws tsis tuaj yeem tau txais lub xeem ntawm nws txiv tiag tiag. Yuav luag tam sim ntawd tom qab yug nws tus tub, von Kridener yuav tsum tau tawm ntawm lub xeevservices.

Surname History

Txhua tus menyuam yaus, raws li sau tseg hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm tus kws kos duab Perov, nws tsev neeg tau siv sijhawm ntawm kev txav mus los, lawv nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub tebchaws: los ntawm Arkhangelsk thiab St. Petersburg nyob rau sab qaum teb mus rau Arzamas thiab Dorpat nyob rau sab qab teb.. Kuv txiv yog ib tug neeg txawj ntse thiab txawj xav, nws tsis nyob ntev hauv kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua. Cov nyiaj txiag ntawm tsev neeg yog unenviable heev. Thiab leej txiv tau mus ua haujlwm tau nyiaj tsawg los ua tus saib xyuas vaj tsev.

Nyob hauv thaj av no nyob ib puag ncig ntawm Arzamas, thaum yau ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam yav tom ntej dhau mus. Thaum ntxov, txij thaum muaj tsib xyoos, Vasily pib qhia nyeem thiab sau ntawv, thaum xub thawj nws niam tau ua haujlwm nrog nws, thiab tom qab ntawd nws raug xa mus rau tus kws qhuab qhia hauv zos rau kev cob qhia. Ib tug kws qhia ntawv tsis paub tab sis ntse thiab zoo siab qhia nws sau ntawv, lej lej, Vajtswv txoj cai, feem ntau, tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb uas nws tus kheej ua tau zoo. Vasily tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo ntawm kev sau ntawv, twb thaum muaj hnub nyoog xya nws sau tau zoo nkauj ob qho tib si hauv kev sau thiab hais lus. Tus kws qhia ntawv nws thiaj li muab nws lub npe menyuam yaus, uas tau raug kho tam sim ntawd. Thiab yog li ntawd tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm luv luv ntawm tus kws kos duab Perov, lub xeem lub npe uas nws tau lees paub los ntawm txhua tus ntawm Russia.

Thawj acquaintance nrog painting

Perov's self-portrait
Perov's self-portrait

Thaum Vasya muaj cuaj xyoos, ib tug neeg pleev kob tuaj rau nws txiv los ntawm Arzamas los hloov kho cov duab loj, uas nws tau piav qhia nrog tus dev. Nyob rau hauv daim duab, nws yog tsim nyog los hloov tus qub dev nrog ib tug tshiab. Vasya saib tus kws kos duab ua haujlwm nrog kev zoo siab: yuav ua li cas nws tso lub easel, ntxuav cov duab qub, cov xim sib xyaw thiab pib kos. Yog li thawj zaug nyob rau hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm tus kws kos duab Perov muaj kev paub nrogpainting.

Tom qab tus neeg pleev kob tawm mus, Vasily pib sim kos nws txiv, kwv tij thiab cov phooj ywg nws tus kheej, thiab quaj iab, vim nws hloov tawm txawv kiag li. Nws kos nrog charcoal, xaum, chalk nyob qhov twg nws pom ib qho chaw tiaj tus: ntawm phab ntsa, rooj thiab qhov rais sills. Leej Txiv yeej tsis npau taws rau qhov no, nws nyiam kev kos duab thiab ntaus nkauj violin thiab piano nws tus kheej, sau paj huam, feem ntau qhia nws tus tub txog kev ntaus suab paj nruag, ua yeeb yam, qhia cov duab.

Thaum hnub nyoog kaum xyoo, tus tub raug xa mus kawm hauv Arzamas koog tsev kawm ntawv, nws nyob hauv tsev ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv hauv tsev. Vasily siv tag nrho nws lub sijhawm dawb los ntawm kev kawm kos duab, nws tsis muaj leej twg kawm tau qhov no los ntawm, tsis muaj tus kws kos duab hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Thaum nws txiv tuaj xyuas nws thiab saib cov duab kos, nws xav tias Vasya xav tau kev txhim kho ntxiv rau hauv kev coj ua no. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum peb, nws ua tiav nws qhov kev kawm thawj zaug, thiab nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txiav txim siab qhov twg yuav txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm. Thiab nyob rau hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm tus kws kos duab Perov, lub tsev kawm ntawv kos duab Arzamas tau tshwm sim, qhov twg nws txiv txiav txim siab xa Vasya rau kev kawm ntxiv.

Craft Training

Qhov kawg tavern
Qhov kawg tavern

Tus tsim ntawm lub tsev kawm kos duab yog tus kws kos duab Alexander Stupin, uas kawm tiav los ntawm Academy of Arts. Nws tuaj rau hauv nws lub nroog haiv neeg los pib ua lag luam tshiab thiab tsis tau pom dua hauv tebchaws Russia. Tseem tsis tau muaj lub tsev kawm ntawv zoo li no hauv lub tebchaws; ob qho tib si freemen thiab serfs kawm nyob ntawd. Ntawm no Vasya thawj zaug xav txog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm tib neeg thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov neeg pluag, cov kev xav no tau tshwm sim tom qab ntau yam ntawm nws cov duab. Kev khuv leej rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab tsis nyiam cov neeg nplua nuj nyob mus ib txhis nyob hauv Perov tus ntsuj plig.

Nkauj tawm tshiabHais txog biography ntawm tus kws kos duab Perov, nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tau them nyiaj mloog mus rau kom ntseeg tau hais tias cov me nyuam kawm ntawv kawm tej xwm thiab kos ib tug ntau yam, tau txais "kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv mem hluav". Stupin tsis pub pleev xim rau cov xim rau lub sijhawm ntev. Vasily tau kawm yuav luag ib xyoos thaum ib tug ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm laus hais tias nws tsis pub leej twg paub pib sau ib daim qauv ntawm Bryullov's sketch "The Old Man". Ib zaug nws tsis nco qab zais nws cov duab kos, thiab Stupin, uas ib txwm saib cov haujlwm ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm thaum noj su, pom ib daim qauv ntawm kev kawm. Hloov chaw ntawm kev ntes rau kev txiav txim siab, nws qhuas Vasily thiab tso cai rau nws kawm sau ntawv nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm laus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm nrog cov chav kawm tshwj xeeb hauv kev kos duab thiab kos duab, lub tsev kawm ntawv kuj muaj cov lus qhia hauv cov ncauj lus. Cov kws qhia ntawv sim ua kom muaj kev hlub ntawm kev sau ntawv, npaj ua yeeb yam.

Ob xyoos nyob teb chaws

Cov neeg yos hav zoov thaum so
Cov neeg yos hav zoov thaum so

Vasily tsev neeg txuas ntxiv mus ncig ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj tsev neeg. Lawv tsis nyob ntev hauv Arzamas, lawv xauj tsev nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv kos duab. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum leej txiv tau txais txoj haujlwm ua tus thawj tswj hwm hauv ib thaj av, cov niam txiv tau tawm mus, tso lawv tus tub mus kawm tiav. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, Vasily nws tus kheej tuaj rau lawv, uas taug kev peb caug-tsib mais ntawm ko taw. Nws sib cav nrog ib tug phooj ywg, tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, qhia Stupin tias nws tsis xav ua siab ntev rau kev thuam.

Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm tus kws kos duab Perov, cov no tau nyob ntsiag to xyoo siv hauv kev pleev xim. Vasya yog yuav luag kaum xya xyoo, nws nyob hauv lub zos tau ob xyoos, ua phooj ywg nrog cov neeg hauv zos, mus yos hav zoov, tau paub txog lub neej nyob deb nroog, siv sijhawm ntau heev.xwm.

Vasily tsis koom nrog xaum thiab pleev xim, nws kos thiab pleev xim ntau cov duab ntawm cov tub hluas hauv zos, scenes ntawm lub neej nyob deb nroog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thawj tus kheej-portrait tau tshwm sim hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm tus kws kos duab Perov. Leej txiv tsis zoo siab heev uas nws tus tub tau tso nws txoj kev kawm, uas nws hais tias nws xav mus kawm ntxiv hauv Moscow. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Vasily tau pleev xim rau daim duab "Crucifixion", tom qab ntawd nws cov txheeb ze ntseeg nws lub peev xwm.

Kev kawm txuas ntxiv

Painting Troika
Painting Troika

Xyoo 1853, Perov nkag mus hauv Moscow Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Sculpture thiab Painting, nws tau muab tso nrog Maria Lyubimovna, tus saib xyuas lub tsev menyuam ntsuag rau cov ntxhais. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo, lawv kos ib tug ntau ntawm ib tug neeg qhov chaw ntawm lub cev, thiab ces tag nrho cov duab. Vasily kawm conscientiously, ua tib zoo sketch pob ntseg, qhov muag, qhov ntswg. Nws kawm tiav qib 1 zoo kawg nkaus, nyob rau qib thib ob cov tub ntxhais kawm tau xyaum ua ntau hom duab. Lawv tau theej cov duab ua hauv keeb kwm, niaj hnub, toj roob hauv pes, portrait yam. Qhov no tau ua tiav kom txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb hom twg nws xav pleev xim rau yav tom ntej. Cov no yog lub xyoo zoo siab tshaj plaws hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm tus kws kos duab Perov.

Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm tsis tu ncua tsis ntev, nws txiv tau mob, thiab Perov raug tso tseg yam tsis muaj zaub mov noj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nws tsis muaj dab tsi los them rau nws txoj kev kawm. Nws twb xav tias nws yuav tsum tau tawm tsev kawm ntawv mus rau lub xeev mus ua haujlwm ua ib tug kws qhia txuj ci. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj hmoo, tus kws qhia ntawv Vasiliev E. Ya. muab nws nrog nws nyob, tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis tas yuav them nws cov kev kawm. Egor Yakovlevich tswj kom sau Perov dawbkev cob qhia.

First confession

Kev nug ntawm chaw nres tsheb
Kev nug ntawm chaw nres tsheb

Lub tswv yim ntawm thawj daim duab "Tsov tuaj txog ntawm tub ceev xwm rau kev tshawb nrhiav", uas tau txais ib qho khoom plig loj hauv xyoo 1858, tau tshwm sim thaum mus ncig hauv lub zos rau nws niam. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, nyob rau hauv lub biography ntawm tus kws kos duab Perov, qhov no yog qhov kev lees paub ntawm nws cov txuj ci los ntawm zej zog, los ntawm cov tub txawg. Nws tus kheej pom li cas lawv tuaj txiav txim rau ib tug neeg ua liaj ua teb rau kev txiav ib tug manor lub hav zoov. Nws tswj tau zoo heev los piav txog tus neeg nplua nuj thiab cov neeg koom siab ntawm kaum tus thawj tswj hwm thiab tus neeg ua haujlwm. Daim duab ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, uas nws tau kos los ntawm nws tus phooj ywg thiab cov phooj ywg tub kawm ntawv Pryashnikov, tau dhau los ua qhov nrov me ntsis.

Tseem tsis txaus siab rau thawj txoj haujlwm, nws rov mus kawm kos duab hauv thawj chav kawm. Ob xyoos tom qab, Perov tau nthuav tawm nws cov duab tshiab: "Qhov thib ib. Tus tub ntawm ib tug disacon, nce mus rau collegiate registrars. Xyoo 1860 nws tau txais ib qho khoom plig me me rau txoj haujlwm no thiab tsiv mus rau St. Petersburg. Kev yeej ntawm cov duab los ntawm tus kws kos duab Perov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo hauv zej zog, nws tau raug hu ua tus txais los ntawm Fedotov, tus sau ntawm "Major's Matchmaking" thiab lwm yam haujlwm uas tawm tsam kev coj ncaj ncees uas muaj yeej hauv zej zog.

Big win

Tuaj txog ntawm nom tswv
Tuaj txog ntawm nom tswv

Nws txoj haujlwm tom ntej no tau txais txiaj ntsig kub loj los ntawm Imperial Academy of Arts. Daim duab ntawm tus kws kos duab Perov "Kev qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv lub Zos" yog ambiguously txais los ntawm cov pej xeem, nws muaj peev xwm mus "deb" cov neeg txiav txim, muab ib tug kev kawm zajlus, tab sis cov neeg tuaj saib pom nyob rau hauv nws ib tug thuam ntawm txoj kev ntawm lub neej uas twb muaj lawm. Nws pleev xim rau ob peb daim duab ntxiv uas qhia txog qhov phem ntawm pawg ntseeg lub neej. Yuav ua li castus yeej ntawm kev sib tw kev kawm, Perov tau txais nyiaj laus thiab txoj cai mus ncig ua lag luam ntawm lub xeev cov nqi rau peb xyoos.

Tom qab nws sib yuav hauv 1862 rau Elena Edmondovna Shaynes, nws thiab nws tus poj niam hluas tau mus txawv tebchaws. Ua ke lawv tau mus xyuas cov chaw hauv Berlin thiab Dresden, tom qab ntawd lawv mus rau Paris, qhov chaw lawv yuav nyob ntev. Nws xauj ib lub rooj cob qhia thiab pib sau ntau daim duab, tab sis tsis ntev nws paub tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog txoj haujlwm nyuaj no. Cov paintings los ntawm tus kws kos duab Perov yeej tsis tiav. Nws tau paub txog lub neej ntawm tib neeg, ua ntau yam duab kos thiab pleev xim rau cov duab zoo.

moscow lub sijhawm

Thib ob portrait
Thib ob portrait

Xyoo 1864, "kev raug tshem tawm" tau xaus (raws li tus kws kos duab Vasily Perov hu ua kev lag luam mus txawv tebchaws hauv nws phau ntawv keeb kwm), nws rov qab mus rau Russia thiab tseem nyob hauv Moscow, thiab nws yuav nyob hauv lub peev rau tag nrho nws. lub neej. Tus kws kos duab thawj zaug txij li thaum nws rov qab los, "Seeing the Dead", qhia nws txoj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua qub thiab txhim kho nws txoj kev coj noj coj ua hauv kev txav ntawm ideological realism. Nws kos ntau heev. Patron Tretyakov yuav ib tug xov tooj ntawm nws paintings thiab commissions ib tug series ntawm portraits ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb Lavxias teb sab. Xyoo 1867, nws tus poj niam tuag, thiab tom qab ntawd nws ob tug tub hlob, nws tus kheej poob rau kev noj.

Kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm swagger thiab kev tsis ncaj ncees khiav los ntawm tag nrho phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm tus kws kos duab Perov. Nws paintings, xws li, piv txwv li, "Lub sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm ib tug kav nyob rau hauv ib tug tub luam lub tsev", denounce social vices. Nrog rau satire, cov ntsiab lus yooj yim niaj hnub tam sim no tau tshwm sim hauv cov duab. Piv txwv ntawm tej hauj lwm: "Amateur","Art Teacher".

xyoo tshiab

Xyoo 1869 nws tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Lub Koom Haum ntawm Wandering Artists, qhov chaw nws ua haujlwm tau xya xyoo. Cov duab ntawm tus kws kos duab Perov nyiam qhov ua tiav tas li, nws tau txais lub npe ntawm tus kws tshaj lij.

Vasily Grigorievich tau ua haujlwm hauv kev qhia hauv Moscow Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Painting thiab Sculpture. Xyoo 1870 nws tau txais lub npe ntawm tus xibfwb ntawm Academy of Arts.

Xyoo 1882, tom qab mob hnyav, Vasily Perov tuag hauv lub zos Kuzminki ze Moscow.

Pom zoo: