Georgian sau ntawv. Georgian ntawv nyeem

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Ntau tus kws sau ntawv Georgian paub zoo tsis yog nyob hauv lawv lub tebchaws xwb, tab sis tseem nyob deb dhau nws ciam teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau Russia. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav nthuav qhia qee tus kws sau ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tau tso cov cim pom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lawv lub tebchaws.

Classic Literature

Ib tus kws sau ntawv nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog tus sau cov dab neeg thiab epics los ntawm Chabua Amirejibi. Nws yug hauv 1921 hauv Tiflis. Xyoo 1944 nws raug ntes vim koom nrog pawg nom tswv "White George", raug txim rau 25 xyoo hauv tsev lojcuj.

Nws tau khiav tawm peb zaug, thiab lub sijhawm kawg nws cov ntaub ntawv forged tau zoo heev uas Chabua tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm tsob ntoo hauv Belarus. Txawm li cas los xij, vim li ntawd, nws tau raug ntes thiab raug xa mus rau lub yeej.

Hauv xyoo 1953, Chabua Amirejibi, yog ib tus neeg koom nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg raug kaw hauv Norilsk, raug tso tawm xyoo 1959 nkaus xwb. Nyob rau hauv lub 90s nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Georgian parliament, nyob rau hauv 2010 nws qhib siab hais tias tsoom fwv ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Mikheil Saakashvili. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nws coj cov lus cog tseg raws li ib tug hauj sam. Tuag rau xyoo 2013. Tus kws sau ntawv muaj 92 xyoo.

Chabua Amirejibi lub ntsiab tshiab yog "Data Tutashkhia", uas nwssau los ntawm 1973 txog 1975. Qhov no yog ib tug epic ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv uas tus sau kos ib tug txhim khu kev qha panorama ntawm pre-revolutionary Georgian haiv neeg. Cov ntaub ntawv Tutashkhia - lub cim tseem ceeb, uas nws lub npe yog tib yam li lub cim ntawm Georgian mythology, teem nws tus kheej lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshem tawm tag nrho cov kev phem nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tab sis qhov no ua rau nws tsis sib haum xeeb nrog lub xeev thiab txoj cai. Hnub dhau los ua kev tawm tsam.

Xyoo 1977, raws li zaj dab neeg no, zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Shores" tau ua.

Luki Razikashvili

Lwm tus kws sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj huam Georgian nto moo yog Luka Razikashvili. Nws yug los nyob rau hauv 1861 thiab sau paj huam, ua yeeb yam thiab paj huam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, nws paub zoo dua nyob rau hauv nws pseudonym - Vazha Pshavela.

Vazha pib sau xyoo 1881, nws xav tau kev kawm qib siab hauv St. Petersburg, tab sis nws tsuas yog tuaj yeem ua haujlwm pub dawb ntawm Kws Lij Choj Txoj Cai.

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm yog kev sib raug zoo thiab haiv neeg. Vazha Pshavela qhia meej txog lub neej thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov neeg toj siab, lawv cov kev lis kev cai thiab kev ua neej.

Tib lub sijhawm, nws tswj hwm qhia txog kev sib cav sib ceg ntawm txoj kev qub thiab txoj kev tshiab ntawm lub neej, uas yog vim li no ib qho ntawm thawj qhov kev xav. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nws sau 36 paj huam thiab txog 400 paj huam.

Hauv tebchaws Russia, nws txoj haujlwm tau paub zoo rau kev txhais lus ntawm Boris Pasternak, Osip Mandelstam, Marina Tsvetaeva.

Tus thawj coj ntawm lub tebchaws kev ywj pheej

Georgian kws sau paj lug thiab kws sau ntawv Akaki Tsereteli yog ib tus neeg txawj xav, lub tebchaws thiab pej xeem. Nws yug los hauv 1840, tag nrho nws lub neejmob siab rau kev sib ntaus tawm tsam tsarism thiab serfdom.

Feem ntau ntawm nws cov duab kos duab tau dhau los ua qauv piv txwv ntawm haiv neeg thiab kev xav. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog "Imereti Lullaby", "Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Nkauj", "Kev Xav", "Chonguri", "Kaum", "Little Kahi", "Bagrat the Great", "Natela". Lawv tau coj ntau lub tswv yim kev hlub neeg hauv cov neeg Georgian.

Akaky Tsereteli tuag xyoo 1915 thaum muaj hnub nyoog 74.

Kuv, pog, Iliko thiab Illarion

Tus sau ntawv tshiab "Kuv, pog, Iliko thiab Illarion" Nodar Dumbadze yog nrov heev hauv Georgia. Nws yug hauv Tiflis xyoo 1928. Nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv Magazine "Dawn" thiab "Crocodile", yog ib tug screenwriter nyob rau hauv lub studio "Georgia-Film".

Nws sau nws zaj dab neeg nto moo tshaj plaws hauv xyoo 1960. Cov ntawv tshiab yog mob siab rau rau ib tug tub hluas Georgian npe hu ua Zuriko, uas nyob hauv ib lub zos me me. Qhov kev txiav txim yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv pre-ua tsov ua rog Georgia. Tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb yog ib tug tub kawm ntawv uas tau ntsib nws thawj tus hlub, tom qab ntawd coj cov neeg laus hauv zej zog mus rau Great Patriotic War, zoo siab rau kev yeej ntawm fascism nrog cov uas tseem ciaj sia.

Tom qab kawm ntawv, Zuriko nkag mus hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv Tbilisi, tab sis tom qab kawm tiav, nws txawm li cas los xij rov qab mus rau nws lub zos ib txwm nyob nrog nws cov phooj ywg uas ncaj ncees thiab hlub mus tas li ntawm nws lub neej. Nyob rau hauv 1963, tus tshiab tau yees duab, nyob rau hauv tib lub npe nws tau tso tawm nyob rau hauv lub studio "Georgia-movie"

Nodar Dumbadze tuag xyoo 1984 hauv Tbilisi, nws muaj 56 xyoo.

kuj

Hauv xyoo 1880, yav tom ntej classic ntawm Georgian cov ntaub ntawv Mikhail Adamashvili yug hauv lub xeev Tiflis. Nws luam tawm thawj zaj dab neeg hauv xyoo 1903, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tuaj nrog lub npe hu ua nws tus kheej. Txij thaum ntawd los, txhua leej txhua tus paub nws nyob rau hauv lub npe Mikheil Javakhishvili.

Tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig tawm tsam tsoomfwv Soviet, yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm National Democratic Party of Georgia. Xyoo 1923, cov Bolsheviks tau ntes nws thiab txiav txim rau nws tuag. Nws muaj peev xwm ua kom pom tseeb Mikhail Savvich tsuas yog nrog kev lees paub ntawm Georgian Writers' Union. Outwardly, nws reconciled nrog Soviet tsoom fwv, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag, kev sib raug zoo tseem nyuaj mus txog rau thaum nws tuag.

Xyoo 1930, nws raug liam tias yog Trotskyism, tsuas yog nrog lub zog ntawm Beria, cov kab lus tshiab raug muab tso tseg. Javakhishvili txawm pib luam tawm, thiab nws cov ntawv tshiab "Arsen los ntawm Marabda" tau ua yeeb yaj kiab.

Nws xyoo 1936 tshiab "Cov Poj Niam Lub Zog" raug rau txim los ntawm Soviet cov tswv yim, hais tias Bolsheviks tau nthuav tawm tias yog cov neeg phem tiag tiag hauv nws. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws sau ntawv tsis kam piav qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Bolsheviks nyob rau hauv pre-revolutionary Georgia rau Beria. Xyoo 1936, nws tau txhawb nqa André Gide thiab tau tshaj tawm tias yog tus yeeb ncuab ntawm cov neeg.

Xyoo 1937, Mikhail raug ntes rau kev tawm tsam Soviet thiab tua. Txog thaum kawg ntawm 50s, nws cov hauj lwm tseem raug txwv, tsuas yog tom qab Stalin tus cwj pwm kev coj noj coj ua tau raug tshem tawm, tus kws sau ntawv Georgian tau rov kho dua, thiab nws cov ntawv tshiab tau pib rov luam tawm.

Nws nto moo tshaj plaws tshiab "Canalia"nws tsim nyob rau hauv 1924. Nws piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas ib tug neeg phem uas muaj npe hu ua Kvachi Kvachantiradze taug kev ncig St. Petersburg, Georgia, Stockholm thiab Paris. Nws tswj kom nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj rau Grigory Rasputin, vaj ntxwv vaj ntxwv, koom nrog hauv Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thiab Tsov Rog Tsov Rog. Nws taug kev mus rau txoj kev vam meej thiab lub yeeb koob los ntawm chav pw ntawm thawj kev zoo nkauj ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thiab kev dag ntxias.

Lub npe ntawm tus neeg tsis lees paub tau dhau los ua lub npe tsev neeg, hauv Georgia nws tau muab tso rau hauv qhov sib npaug nrog Ostap Bender, Figaro thiab Casanova.

Georgian science ntawv tseeb

Tus neeg sawv cev ci ntsa iab ntawm Georgian cov ntawv tseeb yog Guram Dochanashvili. Nws yug hauv Tbilisi xyoo 1939. Nws sau ntau yam dab neeg, dab neeg luv luv, sau ntawv. Nyob rau hauv Russia, nws yog feem ntau paub rau tej hauj lwm xws li "Suab Tsis muaj lus", "Ntawm, Tshaj Roob", "Muab kuv peb zaug".

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas nws tshawb hauv nws phau ntawv yog kev hlub, kev phooj ywg, kev pabcuam rau kev kos duab.

Konstantin Gamsakhurdia

Gamsakhurdia yog tus kws paub txog keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm Georgian thiab sau keeb kwm, kws sau ntawv, yug hauv 1891. Tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm German cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, nws tau los ua ib tus kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th.

Tom qab kawm hauv Tebchaws Europe, nws rov qab los rau Georgia hauv xyoo 1921, thaum lub zog ntawm Bolsheviks twb tau tsim los ntawm no. Thaum xub thawj, nws nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov thawj coj tshiab, tab sis nrog kev loj hlob ntawm Sovietization, kev tsim txom ntawm kev ywj pheej thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub tshuab tsuj, nws pib ua cov lus tawm tsam Bolshevik.

Tsim ib "Academic group" uashu ua art sab nraum kev nom kev tswv. Nyob rau hauv 1925, thawj phau ntawv tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub npe "Lub Smile ntawm Dionysus", nyob rau hauv uas nws aesthetic thiab philosophical views yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws tshaj plaws. Tus protagonist yog ib tug txawj ntse los ntawm Georgia, zoo ib yam li tus sau nws tus kheej, uas mus kawm lub neej nyob rau hauv Paris. Nyob rau hauv ib lub nroog tsis paub, nws tseem yog ib tug neeg txawv, txiav tawm ntawm nws cov hauv paus hniav. Cov neeg thuam Soviet liam tus sau ntawm kev dag ntxias.

Nyob rau xyoo 1924, kev tawm tsam Soviet tawm tsam hauv Georgia tau kov yeej, Konstantin raug ntiab tawm ntawm Tbilisi University, qhov chaw nws tau qhia txog German cov ntaub ntawv. Xyoo 1926, Gamsakhurdia raug ntes thiab raug txim rau 10 xyoo rau kev koom tes hauv kev tawm tsam Soviet. Nws tau ua haujlwm rau nws lub sijhawm hauv Solovetsky Lub Hom Phiaj Tshwj Xeeb Camp, siv sijhawm ntau dua ib xyoos hauv tsev lojcuj thiab raug tso tawm ua ntej lub sijhawm.

Gamsakhurdia's creativity

Lub sijhawm xyoo ntawm Stalin qhov kev ntshai, nws tau ua haujlwm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb - ib qho tshiab hais txog txoj hmoo ntawm tus kws kos duab nyob rau hauv tag nrho covitarian system "Tab tes ntawm tus tswv zoo". Nws tau sau xyoo 1939.

Cov xwm txheej tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo pua 11th, thaum, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Tsar George I thiab Catholicos Melchizedek, Georgian tus kws kos duab Arsakidze tab tom tsim lub Koom Txoos Orthodox ntawm Svetitskhoveli. Txoj hmoo ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm cov dab neeg tshiab tau sib cuam tshuam rau hauv qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag, ob leeg thov kev hlub ntawm tus ntxhais zoo nkauj ntawm tus tswv feudal Talakva Kolonkelidze - Shorena. Lawv raug torn ntawm kev xav thiab lub luag haujlwm. Tus kws sau ntawv tuaj rau qhov kev txiav txim siab kawg uas tsis muaj ib tus neeg tuaj yeem muaj kev zoo siab hauv lub neej tag nrho. Ob tus phab ej tuaj poob siab thiab tuag, lawv dhau los ua neeg raug tsim txomtotalitarian tsoom fwv, txawm hais tias los ntawm sab nrauv cov cim lawv yog nyob rau ntawm opposite sab ntawm lub hwj chim. Hauv nws txoj haujlwm, Gamsakhurdia allegorically piav txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm Stalin txoj cai.

Nws tetralogy "David the Builder", uas nws tau sau los ntawm 1946 txog 1958, tau mob siab rau cov ncauj lus zoo sib xws. Nws cov xwm txheej tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XII thaum lub sij hawm heyday ntawm Georgian feudal xeev.

Nyob rau xyoo 1956, hauv zaj dab neeg tshiab "Lub paj ntawm Vine", Gamsakhurdia piav qhia txog kev ua liaj ua teb ua liaj ua teb, tig ib zaug tsis muaj av rau hauv vaj txiv hmab. Xyoo 1963, nws ua tiav nws cov ntawv sau "Kev Sib Txuas Lus nrog Dab", uas tau txwv tsis pub luam tawm, thiab tau tshaj tawm tom qab xyoo 1991.

Lavrenty Ardaziani

Tus tsim ntawm kev muaj tiag ntawm cov kws sau ntawv Georgian yog Lavrenty Ardaziani. Nws yog nws tus uas npaj lub noob qoob loo rau qhov tseem ceeb hauv lub tebchaws no.

Nws yug hauv Tiflis xyoo 1815, kawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv parochial, nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv theological, txij li nws txiv yog pov thawj.

Tom qab tau txais nws txoj kev kawm, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau ntev, txog thaum nws tau txais ib txoj haujlwm me me hauv Tiflis koog tsev kawm ntawv tswj hwm. Nyob rau tib lub xyoo, nws pib koom tes nrog cov ntawv xov xwm, luam tawm cov ntawv xov xwm, txhais Shakespeare qhov xwm txheej "Hamlet" rau hauv Georgian.

Nws nto moo tshaj plaws yog sau rau xyoo 1861, nws hu ua "Solomon Isakich Mejganuashvili". Nws piav txog ib tug tub lag luam uas muaj nyiaj nplua nuj thiab tus tsiaj nyeg tiag tiag. Nyob rau hauv qhov tshiab "Journey along the sidewalks of Tbilisi" realistically tham txoglub neej hauv nroog, kev thab plaub ntawm cov thawj coj tshaj tib neeg.

Nyob rau hauv nws cov lus tshaj tawm, nws tiv thaiv cov tswv yim ntawm " tiam tshiab ", tawm tsam kev txhim kho ntawm kev muaj tiag hauv cov ntaub ntawv.

Dzhemal Karkhadze

Karchkhadze tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv los ua ib tus kws sau ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv Georgian hauv xyoo pua 20th. Nws yug hauv Van municipality xyoo 1936.

Sau nws txoj haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Soviet hauv 80s. Xyoo 1984, nws cov ntawv tshiab "Caravan" tau luam tawm, thiab xyoo 1987 - "Antonio thiab David".

Kuj hu ua tus sau cov dab neeg luv luv "Hnub Ib", "Lub Kaum Ib Hlis".

Rezo Cheishvili

Lwm tus kws sau ntawv Georgian yuav tsum tau hais hauv tsab xov xwm no yog tus kws sau ntawv Rezo Cheishvili. Cov ntawv sau rau cov yeeb yaj kiab coj nws qhov chaw, uas nws tau txais tsis tau tsuas yog tib neeg txoj kev hlub thiab kev lees paub, tab sis kuj yog lub xeev khoom plig.

Nyob rau xyoo 1977, raws li nws tsab ntawv, Eldar Shengelaya tau qhia txog qhov xwm txheej "Tus niam tais Samanishvili" txog kev ua ntej-kawg Georgia, xyoo tom ntej Devi Abashidze's zaj duab xis "Kvarkvare" raug tso tawm, uas Cheishvili tau kos cov lus pom zoo rau kev nom kev tswv. petty-bourgeois pre-revolutionary ntiaj teb no.

Nws tau txais lub Xeev Nqi Zog rau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam rau Eldar Shengelia zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Blue Mountains, lossis Zaj Dab Neeg Tsis Txaus Siab" hais txog tus kws sau ntawv hluas uas xa nws zaj dab neeg rau lub tsev tshaj tawm, tab sis txhua tus tsis luam tawm. Qhov no tshwm sim vim qhov tseeb tias txhua leej txhua tus muaj tibneeg hu tauj coob nrog txhua yam,tab sis tsis ua hauj lwm. Tus thawj coj zaum txhua hnub ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm thiab siv sijhawm ntawm rooj noj mov, cov neeg kho lawv tus kheej kawm Fabkis rau qee yam, noj hmo lossis ua si chess. Tus kws sau ntawv hluas tsuas yog nyeem los ntawm tus neeg pleev kob uas tshwm sim hauv chaw kho mob.

Rezo Cheishvili tuag hauv Kutaisi xyoo 2015.