Dyakonov Igor Mikhailovich: lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Dyakonov Igor Mikhailovich - tus kws sau keeb kwm zoo, tus kws paub lus thiab tus kws tshaj lij. Yug hauv St. Petersburg (Petrograd) thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1915, hauv tsev neeg pluag. Txiv, Mikhail Alekseevich, yog ib tug tub ceev xwm nyiaj txiag, thiab niam, Maria Pavlovna, yog kws kho mob. Ntxiv rau Igor, tsev neeg muaj ob tug tub ntxiv - Mikhail thiab Alexei.

Igor Mikhailovich thaum yau yog qhov nyuaj, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis, kiv puag ncig thiab kev tsov kev rog. Tag nrho tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Norway, tsis deb ntawm lub nroog Oslo. Lub sijhawm ntawd, nws twb txawj hais lus zoo li lus Askiv, German thiab Norwegian. Thaum nws tseem yog ib tug hluas, nws nyiam astronomy, hieroglyphs thiab keeb kwm ntawm lub ancient East. Igor kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv xyoo 1931 hauv Leningrad, tab sis vim nws tsis tuaj yeem tau txais kev kawm zoo, nws tau qhia nws tus kheej.

Tom qab tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, yav tom ntej linguist thiab kws tshawb fawb tau ua haujlwm hnyav los pab nyiaj txiag rau tsev neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, Dyakonov Igor Mikhailovich tau koom nrog kev them nyiaj txhais lus. Kev ua haujlwm raug cai tso cai rau nws nkag musLeningrad State University. Kawm nrog cov kws qhia nto moo xws li Nikolai Marr, Nikolai Yushmanov, txawj keeb kwm, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pab nws siv txoj hauv kev xaiv ntawm lub neej.

Lub xyoo ua tsov ua rog nyuaj heev rau kev nthuav dav ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Igor Mikhailovich raug ntes, lwm tus mus rau sab ntawm NKVD thiab muab lawv cov phooj ywg thiab cov phooj ywg. Dyakonov Igor Mikhailovich kuj tau rov hu mus nug. Txawm tias tag nrho cov teeb meem ntawm cov xyoo ntawd, nws txuas ntxiv mus kawm keeb kwm ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj, Hebrew, Akkadian, Ancient Greek, Arabic. Xyoo 1936 nws tau sib yuav nws tus phooj ywg hauv chav kawm thiab pib ua haujlwm ntawm Hermitage los txhawb nws tsev neeg. Thaum tsov rog, nws tau koom nrog kev khiav tawm ntawm cov khoom pov thawj tseem ceeb rau hauv Urals, tau kawm hauv kev txawj ntse thiab txawm koom nrog kev tawm tsam hauv Norway.

haujlwm tshawb fawb

Xyoo 1946, Dyakonov rov qab mus rau tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab tau txais txoj haujlwm ua tus pab cuam rau lub taub hau ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm Semitology I. N. Vinnikov. Tom qab tiv thaiv nws cov lus tshaj tawm ntawm Assyrian cov ncauj lus, nws tau los ua tus kws qhia, tab sis tom qab ib pliag nws raug rho tawm haujlwm nrog rau lwm tus kws qhia ntawv vim yog kev kawm ntawm Talmud. Igor Mikhailovich yuav tsum rov qab mus ua haujlwm ntawm Hermitage.

Kev tshawb fawb tau kov ntawm thaj chaw keeb kwm sib txawv. Kev koom tes nrog nws tus tij laug, Dyakonov Igor Mikhailovich deciphered cov ntaub ntawv qub thiab inscriptions, luam tawm cov kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb thiab txawm luam tawm cov phau ntawv keeb kwm. Nyob rau xyoo 70s, cov phau ntawv txhais lus tau ua, xws li Phau Ntawv Teev Ntuj, Nkauj. Nkauj thiab quaj ntawm Yelemis.

Sumerology

Cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm Igor Mikhailovich yog Assyria thiab Sumerology. Nws ua ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev kawm ntawm cov neeg thaum ub thiab lawv cov keeb kwm kev sib raug zoo. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws qhov kev tshaj tawm, ua tsaug uas nws tau txais nws tus kws kho mob hauv keeb kwm. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua tus Sumerologists nyiam Dyakonov qhov kev tshawb pom. Nws qhib tsis lees paub lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb nto moo Struve thiab Daimel hauv nws cov ntawv sau. Txawm tias muaj teeb meem, lub tswv yim tau txais los ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas ntawm cov neeg Sumerian.

Dyakonov Igor Mikhailovich, uas nws biography yog tag nrho ntawm kev tshawb fawb kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau kev kawm ntawm ntau yam lus thaum ub, ua ib tug loj pab rau linguistics. Nws tau sau cov phau ntawv txhais lus sib piv uas suav nrog cov lus hauv qab no:

• Semitic-Hamitic;
• ncig Asia;
• Afraasian;
• East Caucasian;
• African;
• Hurrian.

Tag nrho cov phau ntawv txhais lus no tau sau thaum xyoo 1965 thiab 1993. Dyakonov tau koom tes nrog kev txiav txim siab cov ntawv qub thiab txhais ua lus Lavxias.

Kev nco

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm V. V. Struve nyob rau hauv 1965, Dyakonov los ua lub ntsiab Assyriologist, txij li thaum tsis muaj lwm yam kws kho mob ntawm science nyob rau hauv daim teb no. Xyoo 1988, nws tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav los ntawm University of Chicago rau kev tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm ze East thiab kev txhawb siab ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv Soviet Union. Ntau tus ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm tseem ua haujlwm ntxivthaj chaw keeb kwm ntawm St. Petersburg University.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab orientalist Dyakonov Igor Mikhailovich yog "Phau Ntawv Nco". Cov ntawv luam tawm tau tshaj tawm hauv xyoo 1995, plaub xyoos ua ntej tus sau tuag. Hauv nws txoj haujlwm, nws rov tsim nws cov kev nco thaum ntxov ntawm lub neej thiab cov xwm txheej tom qab tsov rog. Phau ntawv qhia txog cov xwm txheej ntsig txog menyuam yaus, kev ua tsov ua rog thiab kev ua haujlwm. Nws sim tsis tau tus kheej, tsis txhob hais cov npe ntawm cov neeg uas koom nrog hauv nws lub neej, tsuas yog cov uas tseem muaj sia nyob thaum lub sijhawm sau tshooj.

Nrog nws cov paj huam, Igor Dyakonov hauv "Phau Ntawv Memoirs" suav nrog nws cov ntawv sau txog kev ntxhov siab txog xyoo 1945. Phau ntawv no kuj hais txog lub neej ntawm cov neeg yug hauv Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib.