Kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb thiab Lomonosov pab nyiaj rau cov ntawv nyeem

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Mikhailo Vasilyevich Lomonosov tau nqis mus rau hauv keeb kwm mus ib txhis raws li tus neeg hloov kho zoo ntawm Lavxias lus thiab kev txheeb xyuas. Cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias nyob rau xyoo pua 18th tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb uas tuaj rau kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev coj noj coj ua hauv lub tebchaws tom qab kev hloov pauv ntawm Peter. M. V. Lomonosov yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm tshiab Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog tus kws tshawb fawb zoo ntawm nws lub sijhawm, tab sis kuj yog tus kws sau paj huam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Li ntawd, Lomonosov pab nyiaj rau cov ntawv nyeem yog dab tsi? Nws cwj mem belongs rau tej hauj lwm ntawm ntau yam sib txawv: dab neeg, epigrams, lyrical paj huam, satirical, odes, tragedies. Tab sis nws qhov txiaj ntsig tsis yog hauv qhov no xwb.

Russian lus hloov kho

Peb koom nrog kev hloov kho ntawm cov lus Lavxias nrog lub npe Lomonosov. Nws yog thawj tus tsim cov qauv lus Lavxias teb sab scientific. Nws txoj hauj lwm ntawm peb hom, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov uas yog lub tsev teev ntuj cov lus hais tau dhau los thiab yog ib hom nres, tau hloov pauv thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Yog li ntawd, Lomonosov txoj kev koom tes rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsis tau overestimated. Nws yog thawj tus hu rau kev txhim kho cov lus meej thiab muaj sia nyob. Thiab rau qhov no, qiv txhua qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm pej xeem hais lus thiab qhia cov ntsiab lus no rau hauvtej hauj lwm ntawm art. Nyob rau hauv "Letter ntawm cov cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam" (1739), nws hais tias cov lus yuav tsum tau tsim raws li nws tej yam ntuj tso tej yam kev mob, thiab tsis qiv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lwm tus neeg hais lus. Tab sis cov lus hais no tseem ceeb heev txawm tias niaj hnub no, thaum cov lus Lavxias yog tag nrho cov lus Askiv, Americanisms, uas tau hloov cov lus haiv neeg.

M. V. Lomonosov: pab txhawb rau Lavxias teb sab lus thiab ntaub ntawv

Linguistics thiab literary criticism yog multifaceted sciences. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm lawv, mloog yog them rau style. Thiab ntawm no Lomonosov txoj kev pab rau cov ntaub ntawv yog tiag tiag invaluable. Nws tau hais kom siv cov qauv qis, nruab nrab, thiab siab. Nws yog dab tsi? High style yog siv los sau odes, paj huam, hais lus festive. Nruab nrab - rau cov ntawv phooj ywg. Thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug tsawg style nws raug pom zoo kom qhia cov dab neeg zoo tib yam, sau comedies, epigrams, nkauj. Hauv cov leeg no, kev siv cov lus qhia yooj yim kuj tau tso cai. Yog li Mikhail Vasilievich sib haum xeeb ua ke cov qub thiab tshiab rau hauv ib qho tag nrho.

Cov kab lus uas Lomonosov ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho cov lus Lavxias thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog kev ua haujlwm xwb. Nws muaj kev paub tob hauv kev tshawb fawb tiag tiag, paub txog Western European lus, Latin thiab Greek. Cov txuj ci ntuj tso cai Lomonosov los tsim lub hauv paus rau Lavxias teb sab scientific thiab technical terminology. Nws cov lus qhia hauv cheeb tsam no tseem ceeb heev txawm tias niaj hnub no. Peb feem ntau tsis txawm pom tias ntau cov ntsiab lus suav nrog raws li nws cov lus pom zoo tseem siv niaj hnub no. Piv txwv li, lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, lub axis ntawm lub ntiaj teb … Nws yog Mikhailo Vasilievich uas nkag mus rau hauv scientific terminology ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov lus uas muaj ib tug zoo tib yam lub ntsiab lus txhua hnub: txav, hais, thwmsim. Maj mam, cov kev tsim kho tshiab no hloov cov lus qub qub. Yog li tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo Lavxias teb sab tau tso lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus tshawb fawb, yam tsis muaj qhov yuav nyuaj los tswj cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub thiab cov neeg zoo tib yam.

Kev Ua tiav hauv Kev Sau Ntawv Sau

Thiab tam sim no cia peb rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm peb qhov kev sib tham thiab nco ntsoov (thiab ib tus neeg tsuas pom tau tias) Lomonosov qhov kev pab cuam rau cov ntawv nyeem yog dab tsi … nws tus kheej poetic tej hauj lwm hom.

Tsis tas li ntawd, Lomonosov tau pab tsim cov classicism nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Nrog nws odes, nws glorified lub Lavxias teb sab yeej tshaj lawv cov yeeb ncuab ("Ode ntawm Capture ntawm Khotin"). Tab sis lawv suav nrog ob lub ntsiab lus tshawb fawb thiab kev ntseeg ("Saib xyuas thaum sawv ntxov ntawm tus Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Tswv"). Lomonosov los ntawm xwm yog ib tug kws sau paj lug-neeg pej xeem. Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, nws vividly qhia nws tus kheej cwj pwm rau paj huam. Mikhailo Vasilyevich hu nkauj Empress Elizaveta Petrovna ua tus txhawb nqa ntawm kev kawm, txais tos kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thiab kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb raws li kev lav phib xaub ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Nws qhuas Petus txoj kev hloov kho.

Thiab tus kws sau paj lug piav txog qhov loj ntawm Niam Russia, hiav txwv, dej thiab hav zoov! Tag nrho cov kev nplua nuj no yuav tsum tau paub thiab muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam ntawm lub xeev thiab cov neeg los ntawm cov neeg kawm. Lomonosov ntseeg heev nyob rau hauv cov neeg Lavxias teb sab. Nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, lub zog thiab zoo ntawm lub xeevdag nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov tseeb sciences.

Multifaceted cwm pwm

Lomonosov qhov kev pab cuam rau cov ntawv nyeem yog ob qho tib si ntawm nqe lus tshiab, thiab cov lus sib txawv, thiab cov ntsiab lus. Qhov tseeb, qhov no tau pib lub sijhawm tshiab hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias rau tag nrho cov nqi ntawm Lomonosov tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no, lawv tsuas yog thib ob rau nws. Nws lub ntsiab tshwj xeeb yog natural science. Hauv cheeb tsam no, tus neeg txawj ntse ntawm tus txiv neej no tau tshwm sim nws tus kheej nrog lub zog ntau dua. Thiab nws tau saib nws cov ntawv sau ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev qhia txog kev hloov pauv kev xav. Lomonosov kuj tau siv cov ntaub ntawv paj huam xws li epigrams, satirical tej hauj lwm, poetic humorous plays. Nrog rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, nws cov yeeb yam qee zaum ua rau muaj cua daj cua dub thiab kev thuam hnyav.

Txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb zoo

Lomonosov tau qhia txog txoj kev xav ntawm classicism rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias uas tshwm sim, qhov twg nws tau ua tiav tag nrho lub xyoo pua kaum yim. Cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Mikhail Vasilievich nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus thiab versification yog: "Lavxias teb sab Grammar" (1755-1757), "Discourse on the Usefulness of Church Books in the Russian Language" (1757), "Letter on the Rules. ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam" (1739).

Txhawm rau txaus siab rau Lomonosov qhov kev pabcuam rau cov ntawv nyeem thiab lus, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau nkag siab txog txoj haujlwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Nyob rau hauv ancient Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv, ib tug ntse divergence tau pib tsim los ntawm kev hais lus, nyob thiab cov lus ntawm "phau ntawv". Qhov xwm txheej no txuas ntxiv mus rau xya centuries. Tab sis nrog cov kev hloov khoPeter lub Great tshwm sim tsis muaj qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov ntsiab lus tshiab. Thiab tsuas yog Lomonosov, nrog nws tus cwj pwm ntse, tau tswj hwm kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov lus sau tshiab tawm ntawm kev ntxhov siab. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus sau ntawv, Mikhailo Vasilievich thawj zaug tau tsim txoj cai nruj kev tshawb fawb, qhia meej qhov txawv ntawm cov lus sau thiab pawg ntseeg.

MV Lomonosov ua dab tsi rau peb? Qhov kev pab cuam rau Lavxias teb sab lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm no pundit yog tiag tiag enormous, txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau kev ua tiav hauv kev tshawb fawb tseeb. Nws nthuav cov ciam teb ntawm nruj nruj poetics ntawm classicism, qhia ntxiv txoj kev los txhim kho Lavxias teb sab versification. Romantic poets yuav siv nws cov tswv yim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov XIX caug xyoo. Mikhailo Vasilyevich tau los ua tus tsim ntawm ode, tau tsim ib daim ntawv poetic tshwj xeeb tsim nyog rau kev nthuav tawm cov tswv yim zoo siab.

Nov yog Lomonosov qhov kev pab cuam rau Lavxias teb sab ntawv.