2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Rau ntau tshaj plaub caug xyoo, tus kws sau ntawv Asmeskas Lois Lowry tau zoo siab rau cov neeg nyeem nrog nws cov dab neeg. Nws raug suav hais tias yog ib tus kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws hauv hom ntawv menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas. Nws cov phau ntawv yeej ib txwm xav tau thiab tau txais ntau yam khoom plig. Lub npe ntawm tus sau tau paub rau ntau tus neeg tuaj saib tom qab tso tawm xyoo 2014 ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab The Dedicated, raws li tus tshiab The Giver.
Nyob rau tus sau
Lois Lowry yug hauv lub Peb Hlis 1937 hauv Honolulu, Hawaii. Nws txiv yog haiv neeg Norwegian thiab nws niam yog lus Askiv, Dutch thiab German qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob. Thaum xub thawj, nws niam nws txiv muab nws lub npe ntawm ib tug yawg Norwegian, uas tau xov tooj rau lawv tias tus menyuam yuav tsum muaj lub npe Asmeskas. Thiab tus me nyuam hu ua Lois. Raws li ib tug me nyuam, ib tug me nyuam txaj muag thiab tshem tawm, nws nyiam nyeem ntawv. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 8 xyoo, nws txiav txim siab tias nws xav ua ib tug kws sau ntawv. Ntxiv rau nws, tus ntxhais hlob Helen nyob hauv tsev neeg. Kwv tij John, uas tseem yau dua Lois rau xyoo, feem ntau sib txuas lus thiab tuav kev sib raug zoo.
Lois txiv, kws kho mob tub rog, nrog rautsev neeg tsiv ntawm qhov chaw mus rau qhov chaw. Xyoo 1940, thaum Lois muaj peb xyoos, lawv tsiv mus rau Brooklyn, New York. Tus ntxhais tau mus kawm kindergarten hauv University of Berkeley, thiab xyoo 1942, thaum nws txiv tau ua haujlwm hauv USS Hope tsev kho mob nkoj hauv dej hiav txwv Pacific, lawv rov qab mus rau nws niam lub nroog Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
Tom qab tsov rog, tsev neeg tau tsiv nrog lawv txiv hauv Washington Heights tub rog vaj tse nyob hauv Tokyo. Lawv nyob hauv Nyij Pooj xyoo 1948 txog 1950. Lois Lowry tau kawm hauv tsev kawm tshwj xeeb rau cov menyuam tub rog thiab cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw. Cov tsev neeg tau rov qab los rau Tebchaws Meskas hauv Carline, tab sis lawv tsis nyob ntawm no ntev thiab tsiv mus rau New York. Lois tau mus kawm Curtis High School hauv Staten Island, tom qab ntawd Brooklyn Heights uas nws kawm tiav high school. Xyoo 1954 nws nkag mus hauv Brown University, qhov chaw nws kawm tau ob xyoos xwb.
Lub neej ntiag tug
Xyoo 1956, Lois tau sib yuav US Navy tub ceev xwm Donald Lowry. Nkawd muaj plaub tug menyuam: ob tug ntxhais, Alex thiab Kristin, thiab cov tub, Grey thiab Ben. Vim nws tus txiv txoj haujlwm ua tub rog, tsev neeg tsiv mus ntau zaus. Lawv nyob hauv California, Florida, South Carolina thiab thaum kawg tau nyob hauv Cambridge, Massachusetts. Donald tawm ntawm qhov kev pabcuam thiab nkag mus rau Harvard Law School. Tom qab kawm tiav, tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Portland, Maine.
Donald thiab Lois tau tawg thaum nws txoj haujlwm tawm mus. Cov me nyuam loj hlob tuaj, ob leeg pom tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem nyob ua ke. Xyoo 1979, Lois tau tsiv mus rau Boston. Hauv Massachusetts, nws tau mus rau ib lub koomhaum kom tau txais kev tuav pov hwm tsheb, thiab tus thawj coj ntawm lub koomhaum, Martin Small, tau caw nws mus kas fes. Lawv yuav ib chav tsev nyob rau hauv 1980 thiab siv ntau tshaj peb caug xyoo ua ke mus txog rau thaum nws tuag nyob rau hauv 2011.xyoo.
Kev kawm thiab kev ua haujlwm
Thaum cov menyuam loj hlob tuaj, Lois Lowry nkag mus hauv University of Southern Maine hauv chav kawm ntawv Askiv. Tom qab tau txais bachelor's degree, nws txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm hauv tsev kawm tiav, qhov twg, thaum ua haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv teev npe, nws tau paub txog kev yees duab, uas tau dhau los ua tsis tau tsuas yog kev nyiam ntawm lub neej, tab sis kuj yog txoj haujlwm. Thaum nws ua haujlwm ua tus kws sau ntawv ywj pheej rau Redbook magazine, nws tsim cov ntawv nrog nws tus kheej cov duab. Tus editor pom cov txuj ci hauv nws thiab muab sau ib phau ntawv rau cov menyuam yaus. Lowry pom zoo, thiab nws thawj txoj haujlwm yog Lub Caij Ntuj Sov rau Tuag, luam tawm xyoo ntawm tus sau lub hnub yug fortieth.
Lois Lowry hnub no
Lois tam sim no muaj 81 xyoo, tab sis nws ua lub neej nquag. Tsis tsuas yog txuas ntxiv sau, tab sis kuj muab cov lus qhuab qhia. Nws nyiam siv sijhawm nrog nws plaub tus xeeb ntxwv hauv nws lub tsev hauv Maine thiab Massachusetts. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj sov, nws nyiam ua teb, thiab nyiam siv lub caij ntuj no yav tsaus ntuj knitting. Xyoo 2015, Dr. Howard Corwin tau los ua nws tus khub hauv lub neej.
Tsis ntev los no, Lois Lowry tau sau rau ntawm nws qhov blog: “Tam sim no kuv yog pog. Rau kuv cov xeeb ntxwv thiab cov tiam tom ntej, los ntawm kev sau ntawv, kuv tab tom sim qhia txog kev paub tias peb nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb loj. Thiab peb lub neej yav tom ntej nyob ntawm seb peb mob siab rau ib leeg. " Lowry tsis yog kev ntseeg tshwj xeeb, tab sis hwm cov neeg ntawm kev ntseeg sib txawv thiab khuv xim cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas tshwm sim ntawm lub hauv paus no. Feem ntau txaus siab rau Dalai Lama cov lus hais tias: "Kuv txoj kev ntseeg yog kev ua siab zoo."
Tseem nyiam yees duab. Lawv yogKev tshav ntuj npog ntawm Lois Lowry's Quest rau Xiav, suav lub hnub qub, Tus Muab.
khoom plig thiab khoom plig
LubALA Margaret Edwards Award lees paub "kev koom tes tseem ceeb thiab muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov tub ntxhais hluas cov ntaub ntawv." Lowry tau txais qhov khoom plig no xyoo 2007. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau sau tseg tias nws phau ntawv "The Giver" tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm "cov ntawv sib tw ntawm xyoo 1990 - 2000", uas tau rov sim muab tshem tawm ntawm cov npe ntawm cov ntawv nyeem rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Tab sis "phau ntawv tau ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv hluas" thiab "yuav sib cav thiab sib cav ntau xyoo" seb nws puas yog "kev nyeem ntawv zoo" rau lawv.
- Lowry tau txais ob qho khoom plig John Newbery: hauv 1990 rau suav cov Hnub Qub thiab xyoo 1994 rau Tus Muab.
- Nyob rau xyoo 1990, Lois yeej National Jewish Book Award for Count the Stars. Nws tau txais qhov khoom plig Dorothy Canfield Fisher rau tib phau ntawv xyoo 1991.
- Hauv xyoo 1994, tus kws sau ntawv menyuam yaus Lois Lowry tau txais txiaj ntsig Regina Medal.
- Hauv xyoo 2002, nws phau ntawv Gooney Bird Greene yeej qhov khoom plig Rhode Island Children's Book Award.
Nws sau txog dab tsi?
Lub npe Lois Lowry paub zoo rau cov neeg nyeem lus Askiv, nws yog ib tus kws sau ntawv nyiam. Phau ntawv "Suav lub Hnub Qub" thiab "Tus Muab" muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov kev nyeem ntawv yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv. Tus kws sau ntawv kov cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb xws li kev ntxub ntxaug, kab mob kho tsis tau, kev tua neeg thiab Holocaust.
Astonishingly, nyob rau hauv nws lwm seemingly carefree sau, nws kuj kov heev ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiabteeb meem tsis sib haum xeeb txog tsev neeg, phooj ywg, loj hlob tuaj. Txawm hais tias nws yog kev lom zem, taug txuj kev nyuaj, lossis ua yeeb yam, Lois 'cov dab neeg yeej ib txwm cuam tshuam rau cov neeg nyeem. Nws pib sau ua siab ntev thaum nws muaj peb caug xyoo thiab tau sau txhua hnub txij thaum ntawd los, thiab ua ntej nws pib sau ntawv tshiab, nws twb paub qhov pib thiab xaus ntawm zaj dab neeg tshiab.
Nws sau li cas?
Lois tau yooj yim hloov ntau yam thiab cov phiaj xwm, nthuav tawm rau cov tub ntxhais hluas nyeem ntau yam ntawm lub neej thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua li ntau lub sijhawm muaj cov phau ntawv uas muaj cov ntsiab lus zoo sib xws. Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais hais tias lub suab ntawm tus sau no tsis sib haum. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, Lowry tau coj nws tus kheej los qhia nws cov neeg nyeem rau ntau hom, qauv, suab thiab cov ntsiab lus.
Lois muaj ntau yam xaiv ntawm cov tais diav, flavored nrog kev nqhis dej rau kev ncaj ncees, lom zem lossis muaj peev xwm ua siab ntev. Lowry cov ntawv nyeem yog kev noj zaub mov kom zoo, tsis muaj qhov chaw rau cov piv txwv loj lossis kev ua haujlwm ciam teb ntawm qhov zoo heev. Qhov no yog ib qho kev kos duab uas tus sau yeej lub siab ntawm cov neeg nyeem thiab muab "txhim kho" cov dab neeg uas yuav tsis ua rau poob siab.
Nws txoj haujlwm txawv li cas?
Ib tug menyuam phau ntawv sau ntawv muaj txoj haujlwm nyuaj ntawm kev sau cov dab neeg uas cov menyuam yaus nyeem thaum kawg yuav tawm mus, "loj hlob" tab sis yuav tsis hnov qab yam lawv nyeem thaum menyuam yaus. Cov menyuam yaus cov kws sau ntawv ua haujlwm qhia txog kev siv zog los pab cov hluas hauv lub sijhawm nyuaj. Cia nco txog cov dab neeg thiab cov cim uas yuav nyob nrog lawv mus ib txhis. Qhov no yog lub cim ntawm creativity. Lowry - nws npaj nws cov neeg nyeem rau lub neej thiab sau tsis yog kom lom zem lossis ua rau kev nyeem ntawv nostalgic. Nws sau ntawv los pab lawv ua neeg tiag.
Creativity
Lois yog tus kws sau ntau yam thiab sau ntau hom ntawv, los ntawm Holocaust tshiab suav cov Hnub Qub mus rau lub teeb-hearted adventures ntawm Anastasia Krupnik thiab tus Giver zoo heev.
Lois Lowry luam tawm nws thawj phau ntawv tshiab, Lub Caij Ntuj Sov rau Tuag, xyoo 1977, hais txog ib tug ntxhais hluas uas poob nws tus muam. Nws yog raws li qhov kev txom nyem ntawm lub neej: Lois tus muam Helen tuag thaum nws tseem hluas. Tom qab 2 xyoos, thawj phau ntawv ntawm cov koob nrov nrov txog Anastasia Krupnik tau luam tawm. Tus kws sau ntawv txuas ntxiv lub voj voog zoo nkauj no nrog tetralogy txog nws tus tij laug Anastasia - "Sam Krupnik", thawj ntim uas tau luam tawm xyoo 1988.
Xyoo 1979, qhov tshiab "Autumn Street" tau luam tawm, uas Lois tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm nws lub neej. Tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb Elizabeth, thaum nws txiv ua haujlwm, tsiv nrog nws tsev neeg thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II rau nws yawg. Lois niam kuj tsiv nrog cov me nyuam mus rau lawv niam lawv txiv lub tsev thaum ua tsov ua rog thaum Lois txiv nyob txawv teb chaws. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau koom nrog nws thiab nyob hauv Nyij Pooj ib ntus.
Suav cov hnub qub
Lub xyoo 1989 keeb kwm tshiab suav lub Hnub Qub yog hais txog Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm phau ntawv, Annemarie muaj kaum xyoo, yog phooj ywg nrog ib tug ntxhais Yudais, Ellen Rosen. Annemarie muaj ib tug muam, Kirsty. Lawv lub nroog tau nyob los ntawm Nazis. Tsis muaj zaub mov, txiav fais fab. Cov lus xaiv tau nthuav tawm tias cov tsev neeg Yudaisyuav raug tua. Kev kuaj tau pib lawm.
Ellen niam txiv tau pab Liz tus muam tus qub hluas nraug kom khiav tawm. Thaum sawv ntxov, cov Nazis nkag mus hauv Johansen lub tsev. Annemarie rhais tawm Ellen's Star of David pendant ntawm lub sijhawm kawg. Fascists tsis meej pem los ntawm Ellen cov plaub hau dub, tab sis hmoov zoo, Liz, Annemarie tus niam laus, muaj plaub hau xim av thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus. Tus ntxhais tuag thaum nws thiab tus thawj coj ntawm tsev neeg pom lawv daim duab "tus menyuam Liz".
Tag kis sawv ntxov, cov Johansens thiab Ellen mus rau hauv hiav txwv, mus rau lub tsev uas cov neeg Yudais nkaum. Tab sis cov fascists tuaj thiab muaj. Cov neeg tuaj sib sau hais tias lawv tab tom faus lawv tus phauj, uas tau tuag los ntawm typhus. Cov Nazis tig mus rau hauv kev ntxub ntxaug thiab sab laug. Hauv cov pab pawg me, txhawm rau kom tsis txhob nyiam, cov tsev neeg Yudais raug thauj los ntawm hiav txwv mus rau qhov chaw nyab xeeb. Thaum sawv ntxov, Ellen hais goodbye rau Johansen tsev neeg. Annemarie yuam kev pom ib pob ntawm tus nqi ntau dua rau Kev Tiv Thaiv. Tus ntxhais, tsis xav txog qhov xwm txheej, maj nrawm tom qab nws tus txiv ntxawm, uas tso nws.
Tom qab txoj haujlwm
Tom qab ob xyoos, Tebchaws Europe ua kev zoo siab rau kev dim ntawm Nazi invaders. Cov neeg Yudais cov tsev neeg uas tawm hauv lub nroog thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tau rov qab los, thiab lawv pom tias lawv cov phooj ywg thiab cov neeg nyob ze tau khaws lawv lub tsev thiab tsis muaj kev cia siab rau lawv rov qab los. Annemarie paub tias Liz tus viv ncaus tsis tuag hauv kev sib tsoo, tab sis cov neeg German tau tua nws tom qab paub tias nws nyob hauv Kev Tiv Thaiv.
Phau ntawv "Suav lub Hnub Qub" tau txais kev tshuaj xyuas zoo. Ntxiv nrog rau ntau yam khoom plig, nws tau dhau los ua ib qho zoo tshaj plaws-muag me nyuam phau ntawv nrog ntau dua 2 lab luam hauv kev ncig. Nyob rau hauv 1996, playwright Doug Larsh sau ib tug ua yeeb yamkev yoog raws. Txij thaum ntawd los, ntau dua 250 qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim, suav nrog thaum qhib lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Holocaust.
Tus pub
Qhov thib ob Newbery medal Lowry tau txais plaub xyoos tom qab, hauv 1994, thaum thawj phau ntawv ntawm The Giver tetralogy tau luam tawm, ua rau muaj kev sib cav ntau. Cov niam txiv, ntseeg hais tias cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb no yuav tsum tsis txhob tham nrog lawv cov menyuam, txwv tsis pub lawv nyeem cov ntawv tshiab no. Txawm li cas los xij, "Tus Muab" tau suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm cov ntawv nyeem uas xav tau hauv tsev kawm Asmeskas. Lois zaj dab neeg coj tus nyeem ntawv mus rau yav tom ntej - mus rau Lub Zej Zog uas tsis muaj kev txom nyem thiab kev ua tsov ua rog, tab sis lub neej ntawm txhua tus neeg raug tswj hwm nruj. Tus tub Jonas tau kawm rau tib tus neeg uas nkag mus rau qhov nco txog yav dhau los.
Hauv Tus Muab, Lois Lowry tsa cov lus nug hnub nyoog: “Kuv yog leej twg? Vim li cas kuv thiaj ua neej nyob? Tus sau unobtrusively tshaj tawm: "Lub ntiaj teb no tsis zoo tag nrho, tab sis nws muaj tsev neeg, kev hlub, kev thaj yeeb thiab kaj." Lowry qhov kev xav txog yav tom ntej thiab tam sim no txhawb cov neeg nyeem tias cov txiaj ntsig yooj yim, thoob ntiaj teb no tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv tebchaws thiab tseem ceeb heev rau peb txhua tus. Peb, cov neeg nyob hauv ntiaj teb, yog lub luag haujlwm rau txhua yam uas tshwm sim hauv peb lub tsev.
ntiaj teb kev nyab xeeb
Hauv phau ntawv, Lois Lowry tau tsim lub ntiaj teb zoo nkauj thiab nyab xeeb, pov tawm ntawm nws kev ua phem thiab kev txom nyem, kev tsis ncaj ncees thiab kev ntxub ntxaug. Tag nrho cov cim nyob rau hauv lub tshiab yog coj zoo thiab coj zoo. Lub ntiaj teb zoo nkauj ntawm Jonas tau ua kom txaus siab rau cov neeg nyeem. Tab sis lub ntiaj teb zoo tagnrho puas yog qhov zoo? Lub ntiaj teb uas tus naj npawb ntawm cov menyuam raug txiav txim rau txhua tus poj niam, cov ntxiv tau "tshem tawm".
Ua Ntejhnub yug qhia tus lej cim, thiab kom tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab, tus neeg tau muab lub npe. Tsis muaj leej twg paub cov niam txiv. Sawv daws hnav ib yam, noj tib yam zaub mov. Rau txhua tus, lub neej ncua kuj tau txiav txim siab. Tsis xav tau daim iav, raws li lawv tau npaj rau ib tug neeg kom pom nws tus kheej hauv nws. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv hauv ntiaj teb no. Txoj cai tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej yog tib yam hauv txhua yam.
Tus protagonist Jonas yug tsis zoo li lwm tus - nws tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv xim. Ua tsaug rau nws txoj kev txawj ntse ntawm tus Xib Fwb, nws tau tsim muaj peev xwm pom ntxiv - nws muaj peev xwm ua tau lub cim xeeb, muaj peev xwm hnov, hlub thiab kev txom nyem. Nws tsis yog ib qho xwm txheej uas tus sau hu ua tus xib fwb tus Giver. Nws muab nws tus tub kawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - tus ntsuj plig nyob.
Sau los ntawm Lowry, The Initiate tau tso tawm xyoo 2014 thiab ua yeeb yam Brenton Thwaites, Jeff Bridges thiab Meryl Streep.
Lowry's lwm phau ntawv
Xyoo 1995, kev xwm txheej tshwm sim rau tsev neeg Lowry thaum lawv tus tub Grey, tus kws tsav dav hlau US Air Force, tuag hauv lub dav hlau sib tsoo. Nws tus ntxhais Nadine tsuas yog menyuam yaus thiab, txawm tias nws tu siab, Lois sim ua ib phau ntawv rau nws tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv txog lawv tsev neeg, nws txiv, nws phau ntawv keeb kwm. Lois Lowry tau luam tawm nws zaj dab neeg Saib Rov qab xyoo 1998.
Hauv xyoo 2002, Lowry tau tshaj tawm lwm phau ntawv menyuam yaus uas muaj kev vam meej, Gooney Bird. Lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm phau ntawv yog ib tug coj txawv txawv thiab taug txuj kev nyuaj hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem pib. Xyoo 2006, qhov thib ob ntawm Gooney Bird thiab Chav Niam tau tso tawm, hauv 2007, 2009 thiab 2011, ntsig txog, Gooney the Fabulous, Gooney Bird Is So Absurd thiab Gooney Bird on the Map.
Pom zoo:
Sheldon Sidney - Tus kws sau ntawv Asmeskas thiab tus kws sau tshuaj ntsuam: biography, muaj tswv yim
Sheldon Sidney tau ua tiav txoj haujlwm ua tus kws sau ntawv rau Hollywood cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab Asmeskas TV series. Twb tau thaum muaj hnub nyoog siab heev, nws tau sau nws thawj phau ntawv tshiab, tom qab ntawd nws tau txais koob meej thoob ntiaj teb
Asmeskas tus kws sau ntawv Brandon Sanderson: biography, muaj tswv yim thiab tshuaj xyuas
Brandon Sanderson yog tus kws sau ntawv keeb kwm Asmeskas keeb kwm niaj hnub no. Nws tau ua nws thawj zaug hauv 2005 nrog cov ntawv tshiab Elantris, thiab hauv 2007 nws cov ntawv tshiab The Hope of Elantris tau luam tawm. Txij thaum ntawd los, tus sau tau dhau los ua tus kws sau ntawv
Emir Kusturica - tus thawj coj ua yeeb yaj kiab, tus kws sau nkauj, tus kws sau ntawv. Biography, muaj tswv yim
Emir Kusturica yog ib qho ntawm ob peb tus neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab ywj pheej tam sim no uas sib npaug ntawm verge ntawm lub ntsiab thiab hauv av. Nws paintings txaus siab rau cov neeg thuam thiab cov neeg tuaj saib
Tus kws sau ntawv, tus kws sau ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab tus kws sau ntawv Eduard Volodarsky: biography, muaj tswv yim
Eduard Volodarsky yog ib tus kws tshaj lij tshaj lij ntawm kev lag luam yeeb yaj kiab hauv tsev. Stanislav Govorukhin, Alexei German thiab Nikita Mikhalkov, ua ke nrog Volodarsky, nthuav cov neeg tuaj saib nrog ntau tshaj ib tug masterpiece
Andrey Usachev - tus menyuam tus kws sau ntawv, kws sau paj huam thiab tus kws sau ntawv
Andrey Usachev yog menyuam yaus tus kws sau ntawv, kws sau paj huam thiab tus kws sau ntawv. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv lub voj voog thaum lub sij hawm nyuaj, thaum tag nrho cov paj huam zoo raug tsim thiab cov nkauj tau sau tag nrho. Lwm tus kws sau ntawv hauv nws qhov chaw yuav tau mus rau hauv qab ntawm cov ntawv nyeem ntev dhau los: los tsim kev thuam ntawm menyuam yaus cov ntawv nyeem lossis kev tshaj tawm. Thiab Andrey Usachev tau teem caij rau kev ua haujlwm hnyav