Dyaghilev's Lavxias teb sab ballet: keeb kwm, nthuav tseeb, repertoire thiab duab

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

"Nws txoj kev tsim txiaj tiag tiag yog nws txoj kev mob siab rau kev kos duab, hlawv nrog hluav taws dawb ceev," hais tias Lavxias teb sab ballet hnub qub T. Karsavina txog Sergei Diaghilev.

Yug thaum tig ntawm lub kaum cuaj thiab nees nkaum centuries, Sergei Diaghilev tau tswj hwm los hloov cov choreography ntawm tus neeg dhia tes, revive nws unshakable canons, thiab tsim ib tug txawv kab lis kev cai ntawm costumes thiab scenery. Nws yog nrog lub advent ntawm Diaghilev uas lub tswvyim ntawm "Diaghilev tus ballet" thiab ballet entreprise tshwm nyob rau hauv kos duab.

Russian Caij Nplooj Ntoos Zeeg Hauv Tebchaws Europe

Keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm "Lavxias Lub Caij" hauv Tebchaws Europe pib xyoo 1906. Nws yog thaum ntawd Sergei Diaghilev, npaj ib qho kev nthuav qhia kos duab rau Paris Autumn Salon, txiav txim siab los tuav cov xwm txheej loj nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav paub ntau dua European pej xeem nrog Lavxias teb sab kos duab.

Thaum xub thawj nws yog lub tswv yim ntawm kev tuav Lavxias teb sab keeb kwmconcerts, ci ntsa iab coj mus rau lub neej, concerts tau tuav nyob rau hauv 1907 thiab muaj masterpieces ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th thiab thaum ntxov 20th. Fyodor Chaliapin ua tus thawj coj.

thawj lub caij ua yeeb yam thiab ntaus pob tau tuav los ntawm Diaghilev hauv xyoo 1909.

Yog li pib qhov kev sib tw yeej ntawm "Lavxias Lub Caij" txawv teb chaws. Cov kev ua yeeb yam tau teeb tsa los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev lag luam, uas yog, tsis yog nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam tas mus li, tab sis nrog kev caw cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm ntau lub tsev ua yeeb yam Lavxias, cov kws ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws los tsim cov khaub ncaws thiab scenery rau kev ua yeeb yam.

Qhov no yog kev tshwm sim tiag tiag rau cov neeg tuaj saib ua yeeb yam hauv Paris. Txog rau thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, lub caij tau tuav txhua xyoo nrog kev vam meej.

Dyaghilev's ballet, daim ntawv tshaj tawm rau lub caij 1911.

Keeb kwm: tsev neeg mob siab rau kev ua yeeb yam

Hnub yug ntawm Sergei Diaghilev - Lub Peb Hlis 31, 1872. Qhov chaw yug: ib lub zos nyob rau hauv lub xeev Novgorod hu ua Selishchi. Lub neej yav tom ntej maestro tau tshwm sim hauv tsev neeg ntawm ib tug neeg muaj koob muaj npe thiab tus thawj coj Pavel Diaghilev.

Sergey thaum yau dhau mus thawj zaug hauv St. Petersburg, thiab tom qab ntawd tsev neeg tau tsiv mus rau Perm, qhov chaw Diaghilevs nyob mus txog thaum lawv tus tub kawm tiav hauv Perm gymnasium. Lub tsev tos txais qhua ntawm Diaghilevs hauv Perm tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov ntawv sau qub los ntawm Raphael, Rubens thiab Rembrandt, cov ntawv teev npe ntawm txhua lub tsev khaws puav pheej nyob sab Europe uas muaj neeg coob coob ntawm cov phau ntawv.

Kev sau ntawv thiab suab paj nruag yav tsaus ntuj tau tuav ntawm no. Tus tub nrogpiano rau lub duet ntawm leej txiv thiab leej niam leej txiv. Nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, tsis yog ib lub tsev, tab sis yog qhov chaw ntawm lub neej kab lis kev cai ntawm lub xeev.

Qhov muaj tswv yim thiab muaj tswv yim nyob hauv tsev tau pab txhawb qhov kev xav tau tiag tiag rau kev kos duab, lub siab xav ua haujlwm rau cov tub ntxhais hluas Sergei Diaghilev.

Petersburg kev ua tiav

Nyob rau hauv lub 90s ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo, nws rov qab mus rau St. Petersburg, qhov uas nws raus nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawm ntau yam sciences: nws nkag mus rau lub conservatory thiab cov kws qhia ntawv txoj cai tib lub sij hawm.

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov xwm txheej yuav tsum muaj kev ua si zoo siab dua. Nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, Sergei Diaghilev kiag li raus nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub artistic lub neej ntawm lub peev, tsis quav ntsej txog kev cai lij choj thiab kev tshawb fawb raws li kev taw qhia ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov.

Txoj kev ua thiab kev txaus siab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tau ua qhov zoo, ua rau tus tub hluas ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws.

Tsim lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb - los qhia rau cov pej xeem txaus siab txog kev kos duab tshiab Lavxias teb sab, nws npaj ntau qhov kev nthuav qhia zoo nkauj ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam niaj hnub thiab tom qab ntawd tsis paub ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv kev ncaj ncees, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov exhibition yog feem ntau yog ib lub sij hawm rau tso dag los ntawm feuilletonists thiab npau taws cov lus qhuab qhia los ntawm cov neeg thuam.

Tab sis tsis ntev, txawm hais tias muaj kev tawm tsam thiab thuam, thiab tej zaum ua tsaug rau kev ua yeeb yam tsis zoo, tag nrho ntawm Petersburg pib tham txog Diaghilev.

Nrog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov neeg paub zoo Savva Morozov thiab Maria Klavdievna Tenisheva, nws thiab tus kws kos duab Alexander Benois tau los ua tus kws kho mob ntawm World of Art magazine. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm yog "Art, ntshiab thiab dawb".

Cov lus qhia no tau ntau xyoo dhau los ua rau Diaghilevthiab tej ntsiab cai ntawm lub neej. Cov ntawv xov xwm cov kws ua yeeb yam suav nrog Ilya Repin, Lev Bakst, Isaac Levitan, Valentin Serov thiab lwm cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias nto moo yav tom ntej. Kev tshwm sim ntawm ib pab neeg tiag tiag ntawm cov neeg muaj lub siab zoo, koom ua ke los ntawm kev tshaj tawm kev lag luam, ib zaug ua pov thawj tias Sergei Diaghilev tsis yog ib tus neeg raug tsim txom hauv kev kos duab thiab xav tau los ntawm lub sijhawm nws tus kheej.

Qhov teeb meem ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "World of Art" yog thawj kauj ruam mus rau yav tom ntej zoo "Lavxias Lub Caij". Vim tias nws yog ib txoj haujlwm nrhiav cov hom phiaj kev kawm thiab mob siab rau ob qho tib si Lavxias teb sab thiab Western kab lis kev cai, coj los ua ke txhua yam niaj hnub thiab niaj hnub kos duab.

"Lavxias teb sab" thiab "Lavxias teb sab Ballet": dab tsi yog qhov txawv

Ua ntej tham ntxiv txog Diaghilev tus neeg ntaus pob Lavxias teb sab, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau cais lub tswvyim ntawm "Lavxias Lub Caij" los ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm "Lavxias teb sab Ballet" hauv qhov kev nkag siab uas Diaghilev nkag siab cov cheeb tsam ntawm Lavxias kos duab.

Rau Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev, "Lavxias Lub Caij", raws li qhov tshwm sim tshiab hauv kev kos duab, tau tshwm sim lossis pib xyoo 1906, nws yog los ntawm lawv, raws li qhov tseem ceeb, uas nws ntsuas nws cov dej num, ua kev zoo siab rau lawv ib xyoos, qhia txog Cov naj npawb ntawm cov caij nyoog ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm.

"Russian Seasons" suav nrog kev kos duab, concerts, opera thiab tom qab ballet.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm "Dyaghilev's Lavxias teb sab Ballet" yog txuam nrog ballet entreprise thiab cov tsos ntawm kev ua yeeb yam txawv txawv ballet, etudes thiab naj npawb - raws li ib feem ntawm "Lavxias teb sab Seasons", pib xyoo 1909.

Ua tiav, thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm "Lavxias teb sab Ballet" tau tshwm sim thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1911 hauv Monte Carlo, hnub no yog suav tias yog hnub yug ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev ua yeeb yam txawv teb chaws.

In the Talent Fellowship

Qhov kev yeej ntawm thawj lub caij ntawm Diaghilev tus neeg ntaus pob Lavxias teb sab hauv xyoo 1909 tau raug txiav txim siab ua ntej: kev ua haujlwm thiab kev siv zog ntawm ntau tus neeg txawj ntse, thiab txawm tias ci ntsa iab, tib neeg tsis tuaj yeem mus pov tseg.

Txiav txim siab pib npaj rau lub caij, S. Diaghilev tau thov kev pab los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Lavxias teb sab ballet ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd - Matilda Kshesinskaya. Nws nyob ze ntawm lub tsev hais plaub imperial. Lub neej yav tom ntej Emperor Nicholas II, tseem yog ib leeg nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, tau hlub nws. Ua tsaug rau kev siv zog ntawm tus neeg ntaus pob, Diaghilev tau cog lus tias yuav muaj nyiaj pab ntau ntawm 25,000 rubles thiab lub sijhawm los tuav kev xyaum ua haujlwm hauv Hermitage.

Lub hom phiaj rau Diaghilev thiab pab pawg neeg zoo li lub siab tsis yooj yim: los tsim ib hom kev ntaus pob tesniv zoo, uas yuav tsum tau muab lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau cov txiv neej, ris tsho thiab scenery. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev rau siab ua kom tiav "kev sib koom siab ntawm artistic conception thiab ua yeeb yam txuj ci", Diaghilev tau muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov yav tom ntej cov neeg koom nyob rau hauv kev sib tham ntawm cov khoom siv: composers, artists, choreographers … Tag nrho cov ua ke lawv tuaj nrog zajlus, sib tham txog qhov xwm ntawm cov khoom. suab paj nruag thiab seev cev, yav tom ntej costumes thiab scenery. Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov sib xyaw tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev tshaj lij hauv kev seev cev, kos duab, suab paj nruag.

Tib lub sijhawm, Diaghilev pib nrhiav ib pab pawg, uas nws caw cov kws ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm Mariinsky thiab Bolshoi theatres. Teb rau kev caw ntawm tus neeg ua lag luam: Anna Pavlova, MatildaKshesinskaya, Mikhail Fokin nrog nws tus poj niam Vera, Ida Rubinstein, Serafima Astafyeva, Tamara Karsavina, Vatslav Nijinsky, Vera Koralli, Alexander Monakhov, Mikhail Mordkin thiab lwm tus neeg seev cev.

Costume thiab set designers: Leon Bakst, Alexander Benois, Nicholas Roerich.

"Russian Seasons" Diaghilev, ballet troupe backstage.

"Seasonal" obstacles

Tsis yog txhua yam ua tau zoo thaum npaj thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam rau Lavxias teb sab Seasons.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm kev xyaum, kev txwv tsis pub tuaj txuas ntxiv tuav lawv hauv Hermitage, thiab cov nyiaj pab tau raug kaw. Qhov kawg npau taws yog qhov tsis kam muab cov khaub ncaws thiab scenery los ntawm Mariinsky Theatre.

Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj uas ua rau yuav luag ua tiav ntawm "lub caij nyoog". Ua ntej, tub huabtais Vladimir Alexandrovich, Diaghilev tus patron, tuag. Thiab qhov thib ob, Matilda Kshesinskaya tau npau taws los ntawm tus neeg ua lag luam vim nws tau txais lub luag haujlwm me me hauv kev ntaus pob tesniv "Pavilion of Artemis" es tsis txhob ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.

Los ntawm txoj kev, Diaghilev tau ua siab ntev hauv kev xaiv cov thawj coj ua yeeb yam rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, qhov no yog "kev pom zoo" ntawm tus kws kos duab, thaum tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig tam sim no lossis yav dhau los ntawm tus kws kos duab hauv cov ntsiab lus no tau hloov mus ua. tsis muaj zog. Muaj ib zaj dab neeg zoo sib xws nyob rau lub caij nyoog thaum "The Dying Swan" tau qhia rau lub suab paj nruag ntawm tus neeg sau ntawv tsis paub Saint-Saens. Thaum pib, tus kws sau paj huam Mikhail Fokine koom nrog nws tus poj niam Vera Fokina hauv kev seev cev, tab sis Diaghilev hais tias nws tuaj yeem seev cev swan.tsuas yog Pavlova. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ntau xyoo dhau los lub ntiaj teb tau txais kev seev cev zoo kawg nkaus ua yeeb yam los ntawm Anna Pavlova, thiab lub impresario, zoo li ib txwm, tig los ua qhov yog.

Dyaghilev tus neeg ntaus pob hauv Paris: Anna Pavlova ua tus raug mob swan. Lub plab cheeb tsam ntawm lub ballerina costume yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub ruby loj loj, cim cov ntshav los ntawm qhov txhab.

Feathers ntawm lub costume thiab headdress yog ntuj, zoo li swan.

Dyagilev's ballet: cov khaub ncaws rau kev ua yeeb yam tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, embroidered nrog cov qauv. Ntau yam khoom siv ntuj tsim kuj tau siv los kho kom zoo nkauj.

Rov qab mus rau zaj dab neeg hais txog kev npaj rau kev qhib Diaghilev Lavxias teb sab Ballet hauv 1909, peb yuav tsum nco qab txog qhov tseeb tias tus thawj coj ntawm txhua qhov chaw ua yeeb yaj kiab, Telyakovsky, tsim kev cuam tshuam ntxiv. Qhov tseeb, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim tau ua rau muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg rau Lub Caij Lavxias.

Tab sis qhov tsis ua tiav tsis tshwm sim: Diaghilev tau pab los ntawm cov phooj ywg qub thiab cov neeg txhawb nqa. Tub fuabtais Argutinsky-Dolgorukov thiab Countess Maria (Misya) Sert tau pab nyiaj txiag los ntawm kev nce cov nyiaj tsim nyog.

Paris applauds: cov neeg tuaj saib hauv ecstasy

Tus Diaghilev Ballet tuaj txog hauv Paris thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 1909. Cov theem ntawm lub npe nrov Châtelet Theatre tau xauj rau kev ua yeeb yam. Thaum tuaj txog, kev ua haujlwm tau pib npaj ua yeeb yam rau kev txais tos ntawm kev ua yeeb yam tshiab thiab kev ua yeeb yam:

• the theem tau nthuav dav;
• hloov kho sab hauv;
• lub thawv tau teem rau hauv lub khw.

Kev rov xyaum zaum kawg tau ua tiav. Lub sijhawm, lub siab xav thiab lub sijhawm sib koom ua ke. MichaelFokine tau qhia nws tus kheej lub tswv yim ntawm kev seev cev rau hauv kev ntaus pob tesniv, uas sib haum rau cov tswv yim ntawm Diaghilev.

Lub repertoire ntawm 1909 suav nrog tsib tus neeg ntaus pob ua yeeb yam los ntawm tus tshiab choreographer Mikhail Fokin:

• "Lub Pavilion ntawm Armida" yog kev ua yeeb yam hauv ib qho thiab peb yam; tsab ntawv thiab tsim raws li nws tau sau los ntawm Alexander Benois, suab paj nruag los ntawm Nikolai Tcherepnin; ib feem ntawm Madeleine thiab Armida tau ua los ntawm V. Coralli, Vicomte de Beaugency los ntawm M. Mordkin; Tus qhev ntawm Armida tau seev cev los ntawm V. Nijinsky.
• "Polovtsian Dances" yog ib feem ntawm kev ua yeeb yam "Prince Igor" rau lub suab paj nruag ntawm Borodin, thaum lub ballet fragment coj daim ntawv ntawm kev ywj pheej 15-feeb kev ua yeeb yam; tsim los ntawm N. Roerich, ua yeeb yam Adolf Bolm, Sofya Fedorova 2nd, soloist ntawm Mariinsky Theatre E. Smirnova.
• "Feast" yog ib qho kev nthuav tawm rau lub suab paj nruag ntawm lub teb chaws seev cev tsim los ntawm Lavxias teb sab composers - Glinka's mazurka, Mussorgsky's "Gopak", Rimsky-Korsakov lub peb hlis ntuj los ntawm "Golden Cockerel", Glinka's lezginka, Glazunov's chardash; "Lub Koobtsheej" ua tiav qhov kev qhia ntawm Diaghilev lub Lavxias teb sab ballet, thiab nws lub hom phiaj yog los qhia cov neeg tuaj saib tag nrho cov pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau spectacular seev cev. Lub Koobtsheej xaus nrog cua daj cua dub los ntawm Tchaikovsky's Second Symphony. Tag nrho cov hnub qub tau seev cev padekatre ua ke, nws yog kev yeej rau cov kws ua yeeb yam.

Zoo tshaj sequel

thawj peb qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim rau lub Tsib Hlis 19, thiab Lub Rau Hli 2, 1909, qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim: "The Sylphs" thiab "Cleopatra".

Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm tus neeg ntaus pob "La Sylphides" lossis "Chopiniana" tau tshwm sim nrog kev koom tes ntawm TamaraKarsavina, Anna Pavlova, Alexandra Baldina, Vaslav Nijinsky mus rau suab paj nruag los ntawm tej hauj lwm los ntawm Chopin, npaj los ntawm D. Gershwin, orchestrated los ntawm A. Glazunov, A. Lyadov, S. Taneyev, N. Cherepnin.

Cov khaub ncaws tau tsim los ntawm Leon Bakst raws li cov duab lithographs los ntawm Italian ballerina Maria Taglioni, nto moo nyob rau xyoo pua 19th, raws li Sylph.

Qhov kev ua tau zoo tau txais nrog kev txaus siab, thiab cov duab kos los ntawm Serov, raws li kev xav ntawm kev ua yeeb yam nrog cov duab ntawm Anna Pavlova, yuav dhau los ua lub cim ntawm Diaghilev tus ntaus pob tau ntau xyoo.

Y"Cleopatra"

Qhov kev ua yeeb yam raws li zaj dab neeg ntawm Theophile Gauthier tau dhau los ua kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb. Mikhail Fokin tau qhia txog cov suab paj nruag tshiab, ntxiv rau cov suab paj nruag ntawm Arensky, ua haujlwm los ntawm Glazunov, Rimsky-Korsakov, Lyadov, Cherepnin. Qhov tshwm sim yog kev tu siab kawg nrog kev seev cev qhia qhov tseeb mob siab rau thiab kev tu siab.

Leo Bakst tsim sketches rau scenes tshiab thiab costumes. Cov khawv koob ntawm Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws, suab paj nruag thiab seev cev tau ua tiav qhov kev cia siab ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib nrog kev ua yeeb yam txawv txawv.

Qhov kev nqis tes ua tau tshwm sim hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub tuam tsev nruab nrab ntawm cov duab liab qab ntawm cov vajtswv, keeb kwm yav dhau yog cov dej ci ntsa iab zoo nkauj ntawm Nile. Cov neeg tuaj saib tau ntxim nyiam los ntawm sensuality thiab kev nthuav qhia ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab tus poj niam Ida Rubinstein.

Ntawm daim duab: Diaghilev tus neeg ntaus pob Lavxias teb sab, L. Bakst cov duab rau kev seev cev ntawm "xya daim ntaub thaiv" ntawm Cleopatra.

Tus kws sau ntawv Fab Kis nto moo thiab tus kws sau nkauj ua yeeb yam Jean Cocteau tau sau tias ib tus tuaj yeem ua tus yam ntxwv luv luv Diaghilev tus neeg ntaus pob Lavxias teb sab hauv qab no: "Qhov noKev ua koob tsheej hla Paris, ci ntsa iab zoo li "lub tsheb loj ntawm Dionysus."

Zoo kawg thiab ci ntsa iab.

Muaj ntau qhov kev vam meej, nce thiab nqis raws txoj kev ntawm Diaghilev lub caij. Tab sis nws yog ib tug kab mob nyob rau hauv tas li txoj kev loj hlob. Kev ntshaw rau tej yam tshiab, nrhiav kev kos duab uas tsis tau pom dua - cov no yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev xav zoo.

Sergei Leonidovich Grigoriev, tus thawj coj mus tas li thiab tus thawj coj ntawm pab pawg, ntseeg tias Diaghilev cov ballets kuj tsim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kws kos duab.

Tseem cov choreographers uas tsim cov theem tshiab hauv kev loj hlob ntawm ballet art:

• Lub sijhawm muaj tswv yim hauv kev lag luam ntawm M. M. Fokin, uas pib xyoo 1909 thiab txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 1912, nrog rau nws txoj kev koom tes, kev tsim khoom ntawm 1914 tau tsim. Mikhail Fokin tau ua tiav hauv kev hloov pauv kev ua yeeb yam classical, qhia txog cov txiv neej ballet raws li cov qauv kev seev cev tshiab, thiab ua kom lub cev zoo nkauj ntawm kev seev cev.
• Lub sijhawm thib ob hauv kev txhim kho "Lavxias teb sab ballet" yog xyoo ntawm V. F. Nijinsky txoj haujlwm, txij xyoo 1912 txog 1913, 1916. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau underestimate qhov kev paub ntawm ib tug ua las voos thiab choreographer nyob rau hauv sim los tsim ib tug tshiab ballet tag nrho ntawm kev xav, kev xav thiab amazing txheej txheem.

Dyagilev Ballet, daim duab ntawm tus kws suab paj nruag thiab tus kws seev cev Vaslav Nijinsky.

• theem tom ntej hauv kev taw qhia txog kev tsim kho tshiab hauv kev kos duab ballet yog lub sijhawm ntawm L. F. Myasin txoj haujlwm hauv Diaghilev troupe, thiab npog lub sijhawm ntawm 1915 txog 1920, 1928. Myasin, txhim kho cov kab lig kev cai ntawm Fokine, ua rau nyuaj rau kev seev cev kom ntau li ntau tau, qhiaCov kab tawg, kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm kev txav, thaum tsim koj tus kheej style.
• Plaub theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab ballet ntawm Diaghilev yog lub sij hawm ntawm creativity ntawm Bronislava Nijinska, pib ntawm lub caij 1922 - 1924 thiab 1926. Nov yog lub sijhawm ntawm neoclassical style ntawm ballet.
• Thiab, thaum kawg, theem thib tsib ntawm kev txhim kho yog xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog Diaghilev George Balanchine los ntawm 1924 txog 1929. Lub xyoo thaum tus kws kos duab tau tswj hwm los tsim cov qauv tshiab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, cov tswv yim ntawm symphony ballets, lub lub tswv yim ntawm primacy ntawm kev qhia tshaj lub zajlus.

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis hais leej twg yog tus thawj coj, Diaghilev tus Lavxias Lavxias tau khaws txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav, yog lub cim ntawm avant-garde thiab cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab hauv kev kos duab, ib qho premonition ntawm cov tiam sis ntawm lub sijhawm.

Rau ntau xyoo nws yuav nyob twj ywm tsis muaj kev ntes, pub dawb thiab xav tau Firebird.

Ib zaj dab neeg lossis kev kov yeej tshiab ntawm Diaghilev's ballet hauv Paris

Hais txog cov dab neeg dab neeg uas ua rau ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau ua nyob rau theem ntawm Fabkis, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tab sis nco qab qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo 1910.

Ntawm no yog kev tsim tawm ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm zaj dab neeg ntawm Firebird, lub tswv yim uas tau txhawb nqa los ntawm Mikhail Fokin tau ntev. Thaum xub thawj Lyadov raug yuam kom sau suab paj nruag, tab sis txij li thaum nws tsis pib sau nws txawm tias tom qab peb lub hlis, Diaghilev txiav txim siab tig mus rau Stravinsky, uas nws suav tias yog tus neeg txawj ntse tshiab ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag.

Tus kws sau nkauj, tus kws kos duab thiab tus kws kos duab tau ua haujlwm zoo ua ke hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim tus neeg ntaus pob, sib pab, sib qhia tswv yim. Nws yog ib lub koom haum uas muab cov theem ib tug tshiab ballet, tov nrog modernist painting,folklore thiab avant-garde music. Zoo nkauj scenery los ntawm Alexander Golovin nqa tus saib mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb fairy-tale.

Qhov tshwj xeeb yog Diaghilev tus neeg ntaus pob ncaws pob tshiab, khaub ncaws rau nws tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog kub thiab nyiaj kub, embroidered nrog pej xeem ornaments thiab fur.

Starring: T. Karsavina - Firebird, Mikhail Fokine - Ivan Tsarevich, V. Fokina - Ntxhais fuabtais, A. Bulgakov - Koschei.

Ua tsaug rau tus ntaus pob "Firebird" lub ntiaj teb tau paub txog tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias zoo Igor Stravinsky, uas rau 18 xyoo tom ntej no yuav koom tes nrog Diaghilev thiab tsim cov suab paj nruag zoo kawg nkaus rau cov ballets "Petrushka", "Rite of Caij nplooj ntoos hlav" thiab lwm yam.

Dyagilev's ballet: firebird, costume design for the ballet, artist L. Bakst.

Kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm "Parade"

Zoo li tus kws ua yeeb yam zoo, Diaghilev subordinated txhua yam rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab, nws tsis ntshai ua "ntxub ntxov", mus tawm tsam cov nplej.

Ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam tau qee zaum avant-garde hauv suab paj nruag, seev cev lossis kos duab uas lawv tau nkag siab los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib, thiab lawv qhov tseem ceeb tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau tom qab.

Yog li nws yog nrog kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev ua yeeb yam hauv Paris ntawm "Rite of Spring" rau cov suab paj nruag ntawm Stravinsky, nrog rau kev npau taws heev ntawm "Faun" los ntawm Nijinsky, thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm ballet "Parade" tab tom tos qhov ua tsis tiav.

Tus neeg ntaus pob tau ua haujlwm hauv xyoo 1917. Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, lo lus "parade" txhais tau hais tias yog kev caw rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam thiab cov neeg ncaj ncees ua ntej kev ua yeeb yam, caw.cov neeg tuaj saib hauv lub rooj muag khoom circus. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm, lawv tau qhia cov neeg tuaj saib me me excerpts los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam uas tos lawv.

Qhov no yog ib qho kev ua yeeb yam rau suab paj nruag los ntawm Enrique Satie, tus tsim thiab tus tsim khaub ncaws Pablo Picasso, tsab ntawv sau los ntawm Jean Cocteau, tus kws kos duab Leonid Myasin.

Ntawm daim duab: costumes rau ballet "Parade", Diaghilev nrog cov khoom tshiab hauv Paris.

Qee qhov Picasso cov khaub ncaws hnav tsuas yog tso cai rau cov neeg ua las voos taug kev ncig ntawm theem lossis ua haujlwm me.

Cov pej xeem Parisian suav tias yog cubism yog German tsim hauv kev kos duab. Thiab txij li thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib tab tom tshwm sim, qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau pom tias yog kev thuam thiab kev sib tw. Cov neeg tuaj saib qw "Damn boshi!" thiab rushed mus rau hauv lub fray mus rau theem. Hauv xov xwm, Lavxias Ballet tau tshaj tawm yuav luag cov neeg ntxeev siab rau cov tswv yim ntawm kev ywj pheej.

Txawm hais tias thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam tsis zoo, tus neeg ntaus pob no tau dhau los ua ib qho kev hloov pauv hauv kev kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ob qho tib si hauv suab paj nruag thiab kos duab theem. Thiab Sati's ragtime suab paj nruag tom qab tau hloov mus ua piano solo.

ncig saib kawg thiab qee qhov tseeb nthuav tawm ntawm lub neej ntawm Lavxias teb sab ballet

Sergei Diaghilev yog qhov raug suav hais tias yog ib tus tsim ntawm Lavxias ua yeeb yam ua lag luam. Nws tsis tsuas yog embodied tag nrho cov tiam sis ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub theem, tab sis kuj paving txoj kev rau cov tswv yim tshiab thiab yeej nyob rau hauv lwm yam theem: painting, suab paj nruag, ua yeeb yam.

Nws "Russian Seasons" tseem txhawb cov neeg muaj tswv yim nrhiav txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm kev kos duab ntawm lub sijhawm.

Kev ua tiav tshwj xeeb thiab qhov tseeb txogDiaghilev Lavxias teb sab Ballet:

• Muaj 20 "Lavxias Caij Nyoog" nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nyob rau hauv uas ballet koom. Txawm hais tias thaum xub thawj Diaghilev tsis tau npaj yuav suav nrog kev ua yeeb yam ballet hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj.
• Rau qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm yim-feeb tus naj npawb "Tom qab ntawm Faun", V. Nijinsky tau ua tag nrho cuaj caum kev seev cev.
• S. Diaghilev yog ib tug avid collector. Xyoo 1929, nws tau txais cov ntawv los ntawm A. Pushkin hais rau N. Goncharova hauv nws phau ntawv sau. Lawv raug xa mus rau nws ua ntej tawm mus ncig xyuas Venice. Lub impresario tau lig rau lub tsheb ciav hlau thiab ncua kev nyeem ntawv ntawm ib ntus tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev ncig xyuas, muab cov khoom sib sau ua ke hauv qhov chaw nyab xeeb. Tab sis nws yeej tsis rov qab los ntawm Venice.
• Qhov kawg pom Diaghilev yog Misya Sert thiab Coco Chanel. Lawv tuaj xyuas nws thaum nws mob. Lawv kuj them rau nws lub ntees tuag, vim Diaghilev tsis muaj nyiaj nrog nws.
• Lub monument rau Diaghilev nyob rau hauv lub Orthodox ib feem ntawm lub toj ntxas San Michele yog engraved nrog ib kab lus sau los ntawm tus yawm impresario ob peb hnub ua ntej nws tuag: "Venice yog lub tas li kev tshoov siab ntawm peb reassurance."
• Igor Stravinsky thiab Joseph Brodsky raug faus ze ntawm qhov ntxa S. Diaghilev.