Keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai txheej txheem thiab ncua sij hawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Periodization ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub 19th-20th centuries: r

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-17 12:51

Russian cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tag nrho cov neeg Lavxias. Yog tsis muaj nws, txij li thaum xyoo pua 19th, lub ntiaj teb kab lis kev cai tsis xav txog. Cov txheej txheem keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai thiab ncua sij hawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab cov ntaub ntawv muaj lawv tus kheej logic thiab cov yam ntxwv nta. Pib dhau ib txhiab xyoo dhau los, nws qhov tshwm sim txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm peb hnub. Nws yog nws leej twg yuav yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus no. Peb yuav teb cov lus nug ntawm dab tsi yog lub sij hawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntawv nyeem (RL).

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Thaum pib ntawm zaj dab neeg, peb tau sau thiab nthuav qhia lub sijhawm ntawm Lavxias cov ntawv nyeem. Lub rooj, compactly thiab kom meej meej qhia lub ntsiab theem ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, qhia txog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab lis kev cai txheej txheem nyob rau hauv Russia. Tom ntej no, xav txog cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav.

Lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias yog raws li hauv qab noway:

Sub-theem hauv ib lub sijhawm	Literary styles	Zaj paj huam thiab sau ntawv
pre-literary period
Ua ntej 11th caug xyoo AD e.	Tales, epics	Kev sau poob
Lub sij hawm ntawm pawg ntseeg-kev ntseeg cov ntaub ntawv
11-17th century	Invention of sau Canonical tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev sau Historical annals. “Ib lo lus hais txog lub txee Igor"	Monks Kirilo thiab Methodius Monks Anthony thiab Theodosius (Kiev-Pechersk Lavra) Monk Nestor
Lub Sijhawm Kev Nkag Siab
18th century	Kev txhim kho paj huam thiab kev xav poems Kev tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev ua yeeb yam Civil journalism	Lomonosov, Trediakovsky, Kantemir Fonvizin Radishchev
Pib. XIX - 90s xyoo pua 19th. Hnub nyoog ntawm Golden Lavxias Literature
Peb hom kev sau ntawv muaj tswv yim (kom txog rau thaum 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th)	Kev xav Classicism kev hlub	Karamzin Derzhavin Ryleev
Pushkin's theem (20-30s ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th) Tom qab Pushkin tuag, Lermontov thiab Gogol txuas ntxiv	Newstyle - Lavxias teb sab realism	Cov lus Lavxias hloov mus rau paj huam nrog nws txoj kev sib tw Tus tshiab "Eugene Onegin", "Tales of Belkin" "A Hero of Our Time", "Dead Souls"
Lub sijhawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab classics ntawm 40s. 19th century	Kev txhim kho cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm Russian realism dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb	Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Chekhov, Tyutchev, Fet, Ostrovsky, Turgenev, Nekrasov, S altykov-Shchedrin
Nkauj ntseeg 20th century (90s of the 19th century - 90s of the 20th century)
Silver Age (90s of the 19th century - 1921)	Splash ntawm poetic creativity	Gumilyov, Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva, Yesenin
Lub sijhawm ntawm ob phau ntawv Lavxias: Soviet thiab émigré. 1921 (cov ntawv xov xwm tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam) - 1953 (Stalin tuag)	Forcing socialist realism los ua tus tseem ceeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv	thawj qhov tshiab ntawm socialist realism - Gorky's "Niam"
Lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm kev thaw tom qab stagnation	Kev sim ntawm cov kws sau paj huam thiab sau ntawv los tsim cov qauv sib txawv ntawm kev sib raug zoo tiag tiag Sustaining dominance of socialist realism	Poets: Yevtushenko, Akhmadullina, Rozhdestvensky, Voznesensky, Galich Tus Sau: Pasternak, Rybakov, Solzhenitsyn, Astafiev, Shukshin
NewLavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv
90s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th - peb lub sijhawm	Cov qauv hauv qab no tab tom txhim kho: romanticism (nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm fantasy, kev ua, ntshai heev), realism (blogging, journalism, niaj hnub detective), postmodern (feem ntau niaj hnub novels)	Pelevin, Ulitskaya, Akunin, Lukyanenko, lwm tus

Lub hom phiaj ntawm tsab xov xwm no yog muab cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm cov theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm RL nthuav tawm hauv lub rooj.

Russian cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv antiquity

• Lub sijhawm sau ntawv ua ntej, nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev sau ntawv thiab tsim lub qhov ncauj epic (epics thiab lus dab neeg tau hais los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam). Lub sijhawm no tau xaus nrog kev tsim cov ntawv sau qub Lavxias uas yog ib feem ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Christianity (10th caug xyoo AD).
• Cov ntawv qub Lavxias (11-17th caug xyoo). Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog cov ntawv keeb kwm, nrog rau cov ntawv hauv pawg ntseeg-kev ntseeg.

Ntau yam txog cov ntawv qub Lavxias. Kaj ntug ntawm creativity

Kev tsim cov ntawv qub Lavxias (DRL) raws li kev coj noj coj ua tshwm sim los ntawm ob lub sijhawm: kev tsim kev sau ntawv thiab kev txhais lus ntawm cov ntawv ntseeg kev ntseeg (thaum chiv thawj DRL muaj tus cwj pwm nruj). Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lub periodization ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv muaj nws tus kheej pib taw tes rau ntawm lub ncua sij hawm.

Kev sau ntawv yog tsim los ntawm cov neeg Greek thaum ub - cov kwv tij Cyril thiab Methodius ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm Moravian (teb chaws ntawm Czech koom pheej tam sim no) Tub Vaj Ntxwv Rostislav thiab koob hmoov ntawm 107th Pope Adrian II thaum kawgxyoo pua cuaj. Yuav luag tib lub sijhawm, Ps alter thiab Txoj Moo Zoo tau raug muab txhais ua hom lus tshiab. Los ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm monasteries nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 9, kev sau ntawv nkag mus rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Ancient Russia, qhov twg cov thawj sau ntawv yog cov hauj sam: Nestor, Hilarion, Polycarp thiab Simon, Cyril ntawm Turov, Archpriest Avvakum thiab lwm yam. Lub sij hawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias thaum ub tuaj yeem muab faib ua tsib theem:

1. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsim lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm canonical Orthodox DRL hauv Kiev-Pechersk Lavra los ntawm cov hauj sam Anthony thiab Theodosius. Kev sau zaj dab neeg ntawm Bygone Xyoos los ntawm Vaj Qhia Nestor nyob rau xyoo pua 12th.
2. Ntawm cov tuam tsev (cov nroog ntawm Vladimir-Zalessky, Suzdal, Smolensk, thiab lwm yam) cov chaw tshiab DRL tau tsim. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem sau ntawv yog palpable.
3. Lub sijhawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias thaum ub muaj ib lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua phem ntawm tib neeg: theem ntawm Tatar-Mongol yoke. Nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua, "Lub neej ntawm Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky", "Lo lus hais txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab av" tau tsim. Nyob rau theem thib ob, xaus nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kulikovo xyoo 1380, cov ntawv keeb kwm tau txais tus cwj pwm zoo-panegyric.
4. Lub sijhawm poob ntawm DRL, kav mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua XVI. Lub voj voog kev nyeem ntawv tsuas yog txwv rau cov tuam tsev thiab ob peb tus neeg paub ntawv nom tswv, los ntawm txoj kev, kev cob qhia los ntawm tib cov txiv plig.
5. theem kawg ntawm DRL tau npaj qhov kev hloov pauv zaum kawg los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv canonical mus rau cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov hom tshiab: keeb kwm, autobiographical piav qhia, paj huam. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm DRL yog maj mam dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg kev ua haujlwm, qhov pib ntawm tus kheej yog qhov pom tseeb dua. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm Peter kuv cuam tshuam thiabtxheej txheem sau ntawv.

Cov ntawv sau tsis muaj nqi dab tsi ua rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau theem DRL? Cov lus hauv qab no qhia cov kev sib sau ua ke.

Ntawv sau txog tebchaws Russia

Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws qhia tau hais tias muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov txheej txheem sau ntawv. Nws tsis tuaj yeem sib cav tias cov kws sau ntawv tau txhawb nqa nyob ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ib lub koom haum pej xeem hauv lub tebchaws. Muaj ib qho kev xav ntau ntau. Nrog lub xeev tsim, cov kws txawj paub qhov txawv hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv:

• Lub sijhawm ntawm Lavxias Kev Pom Zoo. Nws sawv cev rau lub hauv paus tseem ceeb theem, chronologically npog lub xyoo pua 18th. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, lub ntsiab niche yog nyob ntawm classics, nteg lub hauv paus rau nws ntxiv kev loj hlob.
• Tshwj xeeb super-productive "golden theem", uas ntxiv rau lub sij hawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th. Thaum kawg nws tau tshaj tawm nws tus kheej hauv lub suab, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv. Tej hauj lwm ntawm Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Chekhov tau dhau los ua classics rau cov neeg nyeem txawv teb chaws ib yam.

XVIII caug xyoo nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv

theem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Enlightenment chronologically correlates nrog cov European Enlightenment, lub suab uas tau teem los ntawm Fabkis.

Thawj tus huab tais Lavxias teb sab Peter I thiab Empress Catherine II tau qhia txog European secularism rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Yav tom ntej cov kws sau ntawv pib tau txais kev kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Decree ntawm PeterKuv, Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Kev Kawm thiab Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci tau qhib, los ntawm tsab cai ntawm Catherine II - Moscow State University.

Tus kws tshawb fawb, kws sau paj huam thiab tshaj tawm Lomonosov, kws sau paj huam Vasily Trediakovsky, tus kws sau ntawv thiab kws sau ntawv Dmitry Kantemir tau los ua cov neeg paub txog Lavxias thaum ntxov. Lavxias teb sab silabotonic system ntawm versification tau tsim. Ib puas xyoo tom qab, nws tshaj tawm nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub brilliance thiab charisma ntawm Pushkin thiab Lermontov ua hauj lwm. Txawm li cas los xij, peb yuav hais txog lawv tom qab, thaum peb yuav tham txog lub sijhawm ntawm Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv ntawm xyoo pua 19th.

Nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XVIII. Cov lus qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem sau ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia tau txiav txim los ntawm thawj playwright Denis Fonvizin (nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau underestimate lub hwj chim ntawm nws "Undergrowth" nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawm cov nom tswv nom tswv) thiab thawj tus kws sau ntawv - ib tug yeeb ncuab ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, leej twg yuav ua tau. hu ua lub siab ntawm tib neeg - Alexander Radishchev.

Txawm qhov pom deb ntawm Catherine II tsis paub thaum ntawd tus kws sau ntawv thiab tus kws tshaj lij tau pom nws qhov kev pom zoo ntawm lub tebchaws Lavxias, uas yuav tsum tau hloov kho. Tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tau ua tus kws tshaj lij kev thov txim rau kev ua nom ua tswv, hu rau Alexander Nikolaevich rau nws cov tswv yim tau nthuav tawm hauv Kev Mus Los ntawm St. Petersburg mus rau Moscow, "tus neeg ntxeev siab phem dua Pugachev."

Hmoov tsis zoo, cov thawj coj feem ntau tsis hnov cov suab ntawm Cassandra, suab hauv cov haujlwm ntawm cov classics!

Lub sijhawm ntawm Lavxias Kev Pom Zoo tau tso lub hauv paus zoo rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm kev muaj tswv yim. Kev khav theeb hauv Niam Txiv, uas rhuav Napoleon, tus kov yeej ntawm Tebchaws Europe, kuj tau txais kev txhawb siab rau kev txawj ntse yav tom ntej.

Prehistory thiab yugLavxias teb sab realism XIX caug xyoo

Lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv ntawm xyoo pua 19th qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab hauv ntiaj teb. Nws nyuaj npaum li cas los sau kom meej txog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua no!

Thawj ob xyoo caum ntawm lub hnub nyoog golden ntawm Lavxias teb sab cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem hu ua kev sib cuam tshuam thiab kev sib tw ntawm cov qauv sib txawv.

Tus kws sau keeb kwm thiab kws sau ntawv Nikolai Karamzin tau ua haujlwm hauv cov qauv kev xav. Classicist kws sau paj lug Gavriil Derzhavin tsim majestic odes (piv txwv li, "Felitsa" - nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Catherine II), uas tau los ua lub title imperial tej hauj lwm.

Classicism thiab txoj haujlwm txhawb tsoomfwv yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Vasily Zhukovsky, tus sau thawj lub suab nkauj Lavxias ("Kev Thov Vajtswv ntawm Lavxias").

Tus tua Decembrist thiab kws sau paj huam Kondraty Ryleyev sau nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm pej xeem romanticism.

theem thib ob, uas yog nto moo rau lub sij hawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, tuaj yeem raug hu ua Pushkin's. Tseeb, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau overestimate lub koom haum rau Lavxias teb sab lus thiab Lavxias teb sab paj huam ntawm cov khawv koob ntawm rhymes Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Nws cov lus hais txog nws tus kheej, uas tau tsim lub "monument tsis yog ua los ntawm txhais tes", tau hloov mus ua yaj saub.

Lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse tau ntau yam. Tus kws sau paj lug tau pib sau nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm romanticism (cov paj huam "Gypsies", "The Fountain of Bakhchisarai"). Tom qab ntawd, tom qab kev tawm tsam ntawm Decembrist uprising, historicism thiab pej xeem, yam ntxwv ntawm classicism, pib tshwm nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm ntau thiab haib (qhov xwm txheej "Boris Godunov", paj huam "Poltava")..

Tom qab ntawd Alexander Sergeevich nkag mus rau tus qauv tshiab hauv nws txoj haujlwm -Lavxias teb sab realism. Nws cov ntawv tshiab hauv nqe lus "Eugene Onegin" thiab sau los ntawm prose "Belkin's Tales" yog tag nrho ntawm qhov tseeb txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm tib neeg, lub neej tiag tiag.

thib peb ntawm golden Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th

Pushkin yog lub txim taws uas ua rau nplaim taws. Nws zoo li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, Pushkin lub Lavxias teb sab realism yog tsim los ntawm ob classics: Lermontov thiab Gogol, tab sis txhua yam nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev. Lermontov nkag mus tob rau hauv tus cwj pwm ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam, tus txiv neej tsim txom los ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb, tsis sib haum xeeb nrog lub ntiaj teb sab nraud thiab tsis nrhiav kev siv rau nws qhov tseem ceeb. Gogol, ntawm qhov tod tes, mus "nyob rau hauv dav", sim nthuav qhia lub ntiaj teb daim duab ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub neej.

Thiab yog li ntawd, twb nyob rau theem thib peb, lub sijhawm ntawm Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv ntawm xyoo pua 19th ua rau lub ntiaj teb xav tsis thoob nrog nws cov peev txheej tsis tau pom dua. Lub rooj ntawm Lavxias teb sab classics uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1840 mus rau 1990 muaj lub ntiaj teb no-nrov npe.

Fyodor Tyutchev Afanasy Fet Ivan Goncharov Alexander Ostrovsky Ivan Turgenev Fyodor Dostoevsky Lev Tolstoy Mikhail S altykov-Shchedrin Nikolai NekrasovAnton Chekhov

1803-1873 1820-1892 1812-18911823-18861818-1883 1821-1881 1828-1910 1826-1889 1821-18771860-1904

Tag nrho cov luminaries ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv paub dab tsi yog ib tug invaluable muaj tswv yim cuab yeej cuab tam lawv tau txais los ntawm lawv predecessors. Thiab lawv muaj peev xwm siv nws kom raug. Pom zoo tias lub sij hawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, adorned nrog lub npe ntawm classics tsis nco qab lawm txawm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, yog impressive.xyoo pua. Cov lus no, peb sau tseg, yog tsim los ntawm peb rau kaum tus neeg tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yog tus tsim ntawm tag nrho cov lus qhia muaj tswv yim.

XX caug xyoo. Periodization of Literature

Lub Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj Txiag ntawm Lavxias cov ntawv nyeem yog hu ua lub sijhawm luv: los ntawm 1892 txog 1921. Nws yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov muaj zog ntawm kev muaj tswv yim zoo nkauj, lub hnub qub ntawm cov lus sib dhos. Txiav txim rau koj tus kheej: Alexander Blok, Anna Akhmatova, Marina Tsvetaeva, Nikolai Gumilyov, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Sergei Yesenin. Yuav ua li cas yug nws? Revolutionary utopian romanticism uas cov neeg tseem ceeb muaj tswv yim ntawm Lavxias teb sab zej zog tau mob nrog?

Lub sijhawm Soviet ntawm Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm kev cai, canonically "soviet" socialist realism uas tau tsim tom qab xyoo 1921 thiab tus tswv uas pheej hmoo mus dhau qhov txwv ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm. Rau qee qhov laj thawj, nws ntseeg tau tias lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th hais txog kev poob qis los ntawm kev hais tawm dav dav ntawm cov tswv yim clichés.

Ib tug tsuas muaj kev khuv xim xwb uas cov neeg sau ntawv thuam uas tshaj tawm txoj kev xav no tau pom qhov tseeb tsuas yog xim dub thiab dawb xwb. Puas yog tiag tiag?

Kev tawm tsam ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab kev ua tiav tag nrho

Yog, feem ntau, cov ntaub ntawv hauv Soviet loj tau decadent. Yog, tsuas yog ob peb tus tau koom nrog kev muaj tswv yim tiag tiag. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv tseem tsis tau nkag mus rau qhov kev kub ntxhov. Boris Pasternak tsis ua raws li lub zog zombifying ntawm cov communist, tawm tsam tam sim no thiab sau qhov tseeb txog nws tiam neeg hauv cov lus ntawm nws "kev haus luam yeeb lub siab", dhau los ua ib qho kev tawm tsam ntawm nws tus kheej. Niam teb. Qhov no yog qhov uas tuag Mikhail Bulgakov tau ua thaum, tawm tsam txhua qhov tsis sib xws, nws, tsis tau luam tawm los ntawm Stalin lub siab nyiam, sau Tus Xib Hwb thiab Margarita ntawm lub rooj.

Thiab qee zaum tus kws sau tus cwj mem tau piav qhia tsis meej thiab muaj zog coj los ntawm kev hlub rau nws tus Niam Tsev me, uas tsis tso cai los dag lossis dag. Qhov no tshwm sim ib zaug rau cov communist Mikhail Sholokhov thaum nws tab tom sau nws Quiet Flows the Don. Txawm tias muaj kev tawm tsam thiab "cov lus pom zoo muaj zog", nws tsis tau hloov cov duab ntawm Grigory Melekhov mus rau tus qauv Soviet. Feem ntau cov kwv tij Strugatsky tau sau rau lub rooj, uas nws tej hauj lwm kuj tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog lub npe nrov socialist realism.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum lees paub tias lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv, nyob ntawm kev tsis ncaj ncees ntawm kev nom kev tswv ntawm nws cov neeg txhais lus, tsis meej pem lub sijhawm no.

Cov ntawv sau tshiab Lavxias

Cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias tshiab tau yug los rau xyoo 1991, tom qab kev tawg ntawm USSR. Nws tau pib los ntawm incriminating tej hauj lwm, cov uas Alexander Solzhenitsyn's Gulag Archipelago sawv tawm, nrog rau cov hauj lwm los ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw uas tau tso cai nyob rau hauv lawv lub teb chaws: Vladimir Nabokov, Ivan Shmelev, Andrey Bely, Konstantin Balmont.

Tom qab ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm perestroika, cov neeg sau ntawv tshiab nthwv dej tau pib hauv Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv: Viktor Pelevin, Lyudmila Ulitskaya, Boris Akunin, Sergei Lukyanenko. Cov neeg sau dab neeg no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov classic, kev ua yeeb yam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm peb lub sijhawm, kev tsim kho zoo ntawm zaj dab neeg, thiab kev txaus siab ntawm cov lus piav qhia.

Pom tseeb, hauvob qho tib si keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai txheej txheem thiab periodization ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv yog tas li nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Leej twg paub, tej zaum peb tseem nyob rau thaum pib ntawm ib lub sij hawm thaum Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv yog dua nkag mus rau ib tug tshiab zoo. Ib yam yog qhov tseeb: txoj hauv kev tshiab hauv nws, nrog rau cov qauv tshiab, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, tseem tuaj txog.

XX caug xyoo - qhov teeb meem ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntawv nyeem

Lub sijhawm ntawm Lavxias cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th qhia peb lub sijhawm:

1. Hnub Nyoog - lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm lub xyoo pua.
2. 20s - mid 50s of the 20th century.
3. thib ob ntawm 50s - 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th.

Lub Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj tau pib thaum xyoo 90s ntawm xyoo pua 19th. Cov hauj lwm ntawm cov kws sau paj lug, uas nws lub hnub qub poob rau lub sij hawm no, yog sau nrog ib tug premonition ntawm ib tug revolutionary ntsoog. Cov paj huam ntawm Alexander Blok, Nikolai Gumilyov, Marina Tsvetaeva, Anna Akhmatova tag nrho ntawm kev tu siab. Masters ntawm cov lus artistic yog sentimental thiab refined, zoo li lub caij nplooj zeeg paj, cia siab tias yuav mus kom ze ntawm Frost…

Txij li xyoo 1917, nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov chav kawm tawm tsam hauv zej zog, kev hloov mus rau theem tom ntej ntawm Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th pib. Raws li kev xav ntawm cov txheej txheem no, Vladimir Mayakovsky cov kab khiav yuav tsum tau coj mus, uas ua rau lub siab xav txog "teev teev dhau los" ntawm "bourgeois".

Xyoo 1921, thawj theem tau xaus. Cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias tau muab faib ua ob ntu: cov kws sau ntawv nyob hauv Soviet Russia thiab lawv cov npoj yaig uas tau tsiv teb tsaws chaw. Tus qub sim "ua kom lub ntiaj teb qub puas tsuaj rau nws lub hauv paus", tom kawg tau sim khaws cov kev coj noj coj ua. Yog vim li cas rau kev faib yog qhov tshaj tawm ntawm pro-partycov ntawv xov xwm "Print and Revolution" thiab "Krasnaya Nov"

Nyob rau xyoo 1932, cov ntawv xov xwm no zoo siab tau hais txog kev tsim cov qauv tshiab ntawm kev ntseeg tiag tiag. Cov kws sau ntawv Emigrant pib tsis lees paub lub tswv yim ntawm kev muaj tswv yim tog, uas yog thawj zaug hnov hauv M. Gorky's tshiab "Niam".

Ntawm cov kws sau paj huam ntawm lub sijhawm thib ob, M. Voloshin, N. Klyuev, V. Khodasevich, N. Rubtsov, N. Zabolotsky sawv tawm. Ntawm cov kws sau ntawv yog E. Zamyatin, M. Prishvin, I. Babel, A. Green.

Kev tuag ntawm IV Stalin (1953) yog ib theem tshiab zoo hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Weakened tog dictatorship. Cov kws sau ntawv cia siab rau kev ywj pheej muaj tswv yim. Txawm li cas los xij, es tsis txhob, General Secretary Khrushchev tshaj tawm kev tsim txom ntawm Nobel nqi zog yeej Boris Pasternak rau qhov tshiab "Tus kws kho mob Zhivago". Cov kws sau paj huam thiab cov kws sau ntawv tuaj ntawm USSR (piv txwv li Joseph Brodsky). Ua haujlwm ncaj ncees nrhiav cov neeg nyeem los ntawm "samizdat".

Txawm li cas los xij, twb nyob rau hauv 60s, cov tub ntxhais hluas kws sau paj lug cim "thaw": lub siab lub ntsws Yevgeny Yevtushenko, lyrical Bella Akhmadulina, lub tswv yim Andrei Voznesensky, lub siab phem-civic Robert Rozhdestvensky.

Tseem muaj kev sib sib zog nqus, tsis muaj kev sib cav txog cov neeg niaj hnub, hais txog lawv txoj kev txav ntawm tus ntsuj plig, raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv: Vasily Shukshin, Yuri Kazakov, Valentin Rasputin. Alexander Solzhenitsyn thiab Anatoly Rybakov sau epic novels txog lub sij hawm txaus ntshai ntawm tus cwj pwm cult. Hauv kev ua yeeb yam, kev ua yeeb yam tshwm sim uas pom lub ntiaj teb sab hauv ntawm tus neeg (piv txwv li,"Duck Hunt" thiab "Txwj Laug Tub" los ntawm tus kws ua yeeb yam Alexander Vampilov).

Zoo kawg

Russian cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm ua kom "zoo siab". Nws lub peev xwm yog bottomless. Los ntawm lub hnub ci suab paj nruag style ntawm Pushkin thiab Balmont mus rau kev txawj ntse tob thiab cov duab sawv cev ntawm peb lub hnub nyoog virtual los ntawm Pelevin. Kiv cua ntawm sentimental lyrics yuav hlub cov hauj lwm ntawm Akhmatova. Nws muaj ob qho kev txawj ntse hauv Tolstoy thiab filigree psychologism ntawm Dostoevsky, uas Freud nws tus kheej tau hle nws lub kaus mom. Txawm hais tias ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv prose muaj cov neeg uas nws cov style, hauv kev nthuav qhia zoo nkauj, zoo li paj huam. Cov no yog Turgenev thiab Gogol. Cov neeg nyiam kev lom zem yuav pom Ilf thiab Petrov. Cov neeg uas xav saj cov adrenaline los ntawm cov phiaj xwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua txhaum cai yuav qhib cov dab neeg ntawm Friedrich Neznansky. Fantasy connoisseurs yuav tsis poob siab los ntawm Vadim Panov cov phau ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias teb sab txhua tus nyeem yuav muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau ib yam dab tsi uas yuav kov nws tus ntsuj plig. Cov phau ntawv zoo zoo li cov phooj ywg lossis cov phooj ywg mus ncig. Lawv muaj peev xwm console, tawm tswv yim, lom zem, txhawb.