Art Deco hauv architecture thiab interiors - nta thiab nthuav qhov tseeb

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Art Deco - ib qho qauv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th thaum ntxov. Nws tau tshwm sim thawj zaug hauv Fab Kis xyoo 20s, tom qab ntawd nws tau muaj koob meej hauv 30s thiab 40s thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Yeej, cov kev taw qhia tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv zam, painting, thiab art deco feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv architecture. Cov style no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm eclecticism, uas yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm neoclassicism thiab modernism. Futurism, Cubism thiab Constructivism ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau Art Deco hauv architecture.

Ntse

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Art Deco style hauv architecture sawv tawm ci ntsa iab tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm Art Nouveau du thiab khov. Tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev ntawm yav dhau los fashionable softness ntawm cov kab thiab cov duab: tam sim no meej thiab pronounced contours thiab cov duab tau suav hais tias stylish. Art Deco cov ntsiab lus yog:

• nruj nruj;
• qhia geometry;
• haiv neeg thiab cov qauv geometric;
• tsis muaj xim ci;
• siv halftones;
• bright ornaments;
• luxury, chic design;
• Nyob zooCov ntaub ntawv zoo (piv txwv li, aluminium, ivory, ntoo zoo nkauj, khej tawv nqaij, nyiaj, thiab lwm yam).

Hauv Asmeskas, nrog rau Fabkis, Netherlands thiab qee lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe, Art Deco hloov zuj zus mus rau lub sijhawm thiab tau txais qee yam ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Tsev

Ib yam ntawm keeb kwm ntawm art deco style yog tias qhov kev taw qhia no tshwm sim, zoo li nws tau ua, "hauv ib hnub". Lub sij hawm tshiab tau yug los ntawm lub thoob ntiaj teb kos duab exhibition, uas tau muaj nyob rau hauv 1925 nyob rau hauv Paris. Qhov kev tshwm sim nthuav tawm Fabkis cov khoom kim heev, ua kom pom tias Fabkis tseem tau lees paub tias yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm kev saj zoo thiab siab zoo tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum I.

History

Tib lub sijhawm, cov kev taw qhia nws tus kheej tau tshwm sim ua ntej qhov kev nthuav qhia: thawj cov cim qhia ntawm cov qauv tsim tawm tau pom zoo rov qab rau xyoo 1920 hauv European kos duab. Art Deco tau mus txog Asmeskas tsuas yog xyoo 1928. Hauv xyoo 1930s hauv Tebchaws Meskas, nws tau hloov pauv raws li kev sib txawv ntawm Asmeskas. Lub npe hu ua Streamline Moderne tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub xyoo caum no: kos duab thiab rooj tog hauv cov qauv zoo sib xws tuaj yeem pom hauv yuav luag txhua lub tsev.

Art Deco tau txuam nrog style thiab khoom kim heev: nws tau ntseeg tias qhov nqaij qaib no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau xyoo ntev thiab nyuaj ntawm kev txwv thiab kev ua raws cai thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev tom qab muaj kev nce siab ntxiv, cov qauv kho kom zoo nkauj tshiab ntsiag to ploj mus, tawg mus rau hauv keeb kwm: tsis ntev lawv tau pib xav txog nws dhau lawm flashy, fake.khoom kim heev. Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 2 thiab qhov kev tsis txaus siab nws coj nrog nws, Stiet thaum kawg ploj mus.

Qhov tseeb nthuav yog tias nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws colonial xws li Is Nrias teb, piv txwv li, Art Deco tau nrov mus txog rau xyoo 1960. Los ntawm 80s, kev txaus siab rau qhov style no tau sawv rov los, uas tau cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov duab kos duab. Yog li, txawm hais tias qhov kev taw qhia no, qhov tseeb, tsis kav ntev, nws tau tso tseg ib qho qub txeeg qub teg, cov echoes ntawm tej zaum tseem hnov nyob rau hauv ntau yam spheres ntawm lub neej thiab kos duab.

Influence

Txawm hais tias Art Deco style tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1925, nws tau nrov tshwj xeeb los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 1960s. Cov tswv ntawm daim duab kos duab no tsis yog ib lub zej zog. Hloov chaw, kev txav mus los tau pom tias yog eclectic, cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau qhov chaw uas pom lawv txoj hauv kev mus rau tus qauv tshiab:

• Thaum ntxov "Viennese Secession" coj kev tsim kho kev lag luam.
• Cov haiv neeg keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm Egypt, Indians ntawm Central America thiab cov neeg ntawm Africa.
• Archaic lub sij hawm ntawm ancient Greek art.
• "Russian Seasons" los ntawm Sergei Diaghilev - sketches ntawm costumes thiab scenery.
• Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Leon Bakst.
• Futurism thiab Cubism nrog lawv cov crystalline, faceted forms.
• Neoclassicism ntawm Boulet thiab Karl Schinkel.
• Nroog thiab tsiaj motifs, xws li lub hnub;
• Cov duab kis las ntawm poj niam ncaws pob, uas tau dhau los tshwj xeebntau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua, ntse flapper haircuts (lub zam ntawm lub sij hawm);
• Technological advances: skyscrapers, radio, etc.

Art Deco hauv architecture tau dhau los ua ib hom ntawv cais, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias nws sib txuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau cov lus qhia sib txawv. Txawm hais tias lub sijhawm ntawm nws lub neej luv luv, ntau qhov piv txwv ntawm cov qauv no tseem zoo siab rau cov kws sau keeb kwm thiab cov neeg saib zoo tib yam.

khoom

Art Deco style hauv architecture thiab interiors yog qhov txawv ntawm nws qhov tshwj xeeb zoo thiab tus nqi siab. Cov tswv ntawm lub xyoo pua ntawd tig mus rau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, ci ntsa iab thiab txhim khu kev qha, thiab lawv tau siv ntau yam kev kos duab: los ntawm kev kos duab thiab khoom siv tes ua rau architecture. Enamel thiab iav, txhuas, stainless hlau, khej, shark, zebra tawv nqaij tau nquag siv. Ntoo inlay tau nrov tshwj xeeb.

Ntsej muag, cov kab lus txhais tau zoo, zigzag thiab cov duab kauj ruam tau siv dav, uas tau tawm tsam qhov muag muag, qhov muag plooj ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv Art Nouveau style. Chevron atherosclerosis cov ntsiab lus thiab cov yuam sij piano feem ntau tau siv.

Ib txhia ntawm cov qauv no tau dhau los ua txhua yam, piv txwv li, cov khoom dai zoo li cov yuam sij piano: nws tau tshwm sim ob qho tib si ntawm cov poj niam khau thiab ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Art Deco style tsis yog tsuas yog dai kom zoo nkauj cov tsev nyob, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov chaw pej xeem xws li xinesmas thiab txawm tias dej hiav txwv liners.

Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub sab hauv, Art Deco yog qhov txawv ntawm kev nplua nuj ntawm Oriental, Indian thiab Egyptian kab lis kev cai ornaments ua ke nrog cov tswv yim tsimcov kws tshaj lij niaj hnub. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov xim daws teeb meem yog qhov sib txawv, tshwj xeeb, xim dub thiab dawb qauv.

Tus sawv cev

Txawm li cas los xij, Paris tseem yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm Art Deco. Cov khoom lag luam hauv cov style no tau nrov tshwj xeeb thiab xav tau ntawm no.

Jacques-Emile Ruhlmann, tus tsim rooj tog nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, tau los ua ib tus neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev coj ntawm Art Deco. Nws tseem yog hu ua qhov kawg classic Parisian "tus tsim lub txee".

Kev pabcuam zoo rau kev txhim kho Art Deco style hauv architecture yog tsim los ntawm Jean-Jacques Rato, nrog rau Fabkis lub tuam txhab Süe et Mare, ua tsaug rau lawv cov khoom. Cov iav los ntawm Maurice Marino thiab Rene Lalique, cov hlau ua haujlwm los ntawm Edgar Brandt, cov ntxaij vab tshaus los ntawm Eileen Grey, enamels los ntawm Jean Dunant, saib thiab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub los ntawm lub tuam txhab Cartier zoo tsis muaj npe nrov.

Art Deco duab puab

Txawm tias Art Deco feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv rooj tog, kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv thiab sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev, qhov style no kuj cuam tshuam rau thaj chaw ntawm cov duab puab. Cov khoom ua los ntawm cov kaus ntxhw thiab tooj liab tau dhau los ua ib hom cim hauv daim duab no. Cov sculptors ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua thaum ub ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Egypt, nrog rau cov kev hloov tshiab tshiab. Yog li ntawd, cov Fabkis masters tau tsim ib tug tshiab tshwj xeeb style, uas tswj kom tsa cov txheej xwm los ntawm cov yas me me mus rau qib siab art.

Nrog cov neeg sawv cev classic ntawm tus tsim Art Deco duab puab Paul Philippe, Claire Jean Robert Colin, Otto Poertzel, Bruno Zach,Ferdinand Preiss, J. Lorenzl, thiab Dmitry Chiparus.

Streamline Moderne

Qhov kev coj cwj pwm no tau tsim los ua ke nrog Art Deco, tab sis nws muaj qhov sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv streamline niaj hnub, uas tau dhau los ua thoob plaws hauv Tebchaws Meskas, muaj kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam thiab aerodynamic technologies. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm no series, muaj silhouettes ntawm aircraft thiab revolver mos txwv.

Kev muaj koob meej thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov qauv no tau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov tsos ntawm Chrysler lub tsheb, uas tau txawv los ntawm cov duab zoo nkauj. Cov qauv no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo heev uas tsis ntev los no cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws tau siv tsis yog rau lub tsheb xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov tsev, rooj tog zaum thiab txawm tias cov ntse ntse thiab tub yees.

Art Deco hauv USSR

Kev kos duab deco style hauv architecture tau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau ntawm cov tsos ntawm Soviet lub nroog: nrog rau neoclassicism thiab postconstructivism, cov qauv ntawm cov qauv no tau dhau los ua ib qho chaw ci ntsa iab ntawm Stalinist architecture. Qhov kev cuam tshuam no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm qee qhov chaw nres tsheb hauv Moscow: Aeroport, Zamoskvoretskaya thiab Sokolnicheskaya kab. Nws yog qhov nthuav tias ntau cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm USSR tau luam tawm los ntawm cov haujlwm nto moo Asmeskas hauv Art Deco style.

Art Deco kuj tseem pom muaj nyob hauv architecture ntawm Moscow thiab lwm lub nroog. Ntawm cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws, ib puas-chav tsev tsev ua hauv Novosibirsk los ntawm AD Kryachkov thiab V. S. Maslennikov yuav raug hu ua.

Txawm hais tias tus cwj pwm ntawm cov qauv no hauv zej zog yeej ib txwm muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis lees paub tias art-deco yog ib qho kev ua vaj tsev puv ntoob. Nws cov koob meej tau loj hlob heev uas nws tau siv rau hauv kev tsim cov lus txhua yam los ntawm kev tsim tsheb mus rau chav ua noj. Cov kev taw qhia no tau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev tsim vaj tsev, duab puab, tsim sab hauv, zam, duab kos, tsim tsim thiab txawm tias xinesmas.

Art Deco tau pom zoo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntuj ntawm tib neeg hauv kev cuam tshuam rau kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Squeezed ntawm ob lub ntiaj teb kev tsov kev rog, qhov style no tau tawm mus siab, tab sis tsis ploj mus yam tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev: nws tseem muaj cov neeg qhuas thiab qhuas, thiab tsis zoo li lawv yuav ploj mus.