2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Lo lus "social realism" tshwm sim hauv 1934 ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm cov kws sau ntawv tom qab daim ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm M. Gorky. Thaum xub thawj, lub tswvyim tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv charter ntawm Soviet sau ntawv. Nws yog vague thiab indistinct, piav qhia txog lub tswv yim kev kawm raws li tus ntsuj plig ntawm socialism, tau piav qhia txog cov kev cai yooj yim rau kev nthuav tawm lub neej nyob rau hauv txoj kev hloov pauv. Thaum xub thawj, lo lus no tsuas yog siv rau cov ntawv nyeem, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws kis mus rau tag nrho cov kab lis kev cai hauv kev dav dav thiab cov duab kos duab tshwj xeeb. Thawj paintings ntawm socialist realism tau yug los.
Style nta
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog zaj dab neeg, uas cuam tshuam rau tus saib, ua rau muaj kev nkag siab ntawm kev muaj tswv yim thiab kev khuv leej. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev xav thiab kev yooj yim, cov duab kos tau nkag siab thiab nyob ze rau txhua tus neeg saib. Nyob rau hauv cov cim ntawm lub canvases, art lovers paub lawv tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kos duab yeej ib txwm yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev cuam tshuam lub siab, yog li ntawd, tag nrhosiv los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm kom ua tiav lawv tus kheej nyiam. Txawm hais tias lub neej ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais lus tsis muaj kev sib cav, txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv kos duab tau ua haujlwm feem ntau los txhawb cov tswv yim hauv tebchaws Communist, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd - rau qhov zoo nkauj ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev pleev xim yog piav qhia txog kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov chav kawm, kev tsis tuaj yeem ntawm kev kaj siab, kev zoo siab yav tom ntej thiab kev zoo tshaj ntawm tib neeg.
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib raug zoo tiag tiag txhais tau hais tias kev hloov pauv ntawm tib neeg lub neej raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev coj noj coj ua. Nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog:
- pathos;
- nationality;
- zoo, zoo siab;
- Kev sib cais ntawm tus kheej los ntawm tib neeg.
Tus qauv siv sijhawm mus txog nruab nrab-80s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem.
Zoo nkauj neeg zej zog
Txij li thaum qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm tus kheej tsis tau txais tos, thiab cov nyiaj txiag ntawm cov pej xeem Soviet tsis pom zoo kom tau txais cov khoom kos duab, lub xeev tau los ua tus neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb thiab cov neeg siv khoom ntawm kev tsim duab kos duab. Kab lis kev cai tau ua tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li txoj hauv kev tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm Soviet. Qhov kev muaj tiag hnyav yuam cov neeg ua yeeb yam tsim tsuas yog yam uas cov thawj coj xav tau. Txoj cai no txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov kev kawm, txheej txheem, thiab daim duab ntawm daim duab. Txawm hais tias qhov kev txiav txim tsis ncaj ncees thiab cov tswv tuaj yeem tsim qhov kev xav ntawm lawv tus kheej, muaj kev txhawb nqa tsoomfwv uas tau txiav txim siab txog txoj hmoo ntawm ib daim ntaub tshwj xeeb. Txoj cai no tau txiav txim siab uas cov kws kos duab thiab cov duab kos duab ntawm socialist realism tuaj koom lub rooj nthuav qhia,uas nws ua hauj lwm txhawb, thiab leej twg - mus liam. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm no yog lub thiaj li hu ua professional critics. Lawv tau hais tawm qhov kev txiav txim, uas twb tau hais nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub hwj chim. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub ntawd, muaj ntau lub zej zog kos duab, tab sis lawv tau maj mam raug yuam tawm thiab rhuav tshem los ntawm Association of Artists ntawm Revolutionary Russia, uas tau txais tag nrho lub xeev txiav txim. Cov phiaj xwm tsim los ntawm Lub Koom Haum tau yooj yim, unpretentious thiab nkag siab rau txhua tus. Nws yog qhov zoo nkauj uas tau tsim lub hauv paus rau kev sib raug zoo tiag tiag.
Lwm yam tsis tau lees paub. Txawm hais tias cov neeg ua yeeb yam tuaj yeem ua haujlwm sib txawv, lawv tseem pom tsis tau rau cov neeg saib. Txij lub sij hawm, cov tswv koom nrog hauv zej zog, tab sis cov koom haum zoo li no tau luv luv.
Style nta
Cov duab kos duab ntawm Soviet socialist realism feem ntau txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas thiab qhov dav. Kab rov tav oriented toj roob hauv pes personified Lavxias teb sab expanses. Ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm lub sijhawm no tau siv cov toj roob hauv pes zoo nkauj los piav txog tus thawj coj.
Lwm tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov duab kos hauv cov style ntawm socialist realism yog apotheosis. Apotheotic canvases tau pleev xim rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov xwm txheej keeb kwm thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm lub neej niaj hnub. Canvases yeej qhia tau tias muaj kev nplua nuj, muaj kev xyiv fab thiab muaj peev xwm, kev nkag siab ntawm lub neej puv npo thiab ua tiav kev cia siab. Piv txwv li, lub socialist realist painting "Nyob rau hauv lub Raft" (daim duab hauv qab no), los ntawm J. Romas, depicts ib tug yooj yim lub neej txhua hnub yam tsis muaj embellishment. Nws ntse ua ke nyob mus ib txhis rau thaj chaw Lavxiaspainting, daim duab ntawm ib cheeb tsam serene thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib hom ntawv painting, thiaj li nrov nyob rau hauv Soviet kos duab ntawm lub 1940-1950s.
Kuj thiab paintings ntawm socialist realism, cov txheej txheem ntawm hyperbolization yog dav siv. Cov canvases depict loj vaj tse, industrialization. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb muaj xws li gigantism, exaggeration ntawm ntim thiab teev. Lawv ua rau cov duab ntau ntom, hnyav, khoom siv.
Monumentalism yog xav txog txhua yam, txawm tias banal tseem muaj sia nyob. Kev nplua nuj yog piav qhia ntawm cov ntxhuav, cov nqaij loj, ntses, tag nrho cov noog carcasses, zaub, goblets loj rau haus. Hauv kev ua yeeb yam zoo, txhua yam hnyav, loj, loj tau muaj nuj nqis. Cov kis las tau kos muaj zog, poj niam silhouettes - portly. Cov txheej txheem no tau npaj los ua kom muaj zog, muaj zog thiab muaj zog.
Nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm socialist realism feem ntau muaj futuristic vector: cov canvases depict lub vam meej communist yav tom ntej. Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm cov neeg coob coob, cov tub ceev xwm tau sim kho lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsis tuaj yeem ntawm kev yeej ntawm kev sib raug zoo. Hais txog tus kws kos duab nws tus kheej style tau suppressed nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev. Nws tau ntseeg tias tus kheej style tiv thaiv tus tswv los ntawm kev ua siab dawb. Lub paradox ntawm socialist kos duab yog tias totalitarianism qhia txog tib neeg, saib xyuas tib neeg los ntawm kev xav ntawm kev tsim lub ntiaj teb tshiab. Tib lub sijhawm, lwm txoj kev kos duab qhia txog tus kheej, tus cwj pwm, tib neeg ntawm ib tus neeg pej xeem.
Tatiana Yablonskaya
Tatyana Yablonskaya - ib qho ntawm cov neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tswv ntawm lub sijhawmsocial realism. Cov neeg thuam coj nws thawj zaug ua haujlwm txias, tab sis tus kws kos duab tsis tso tseg. Ib qho zoo nkauj painting ntawm socialist realism (daim duab hauv qab no) yog lub npe nrov canvas "Bread", uas tau muab tsub rau Stalin nqi zog. Lwm cov hauj lwm los ntawm tus sau - "Thaum Pib", "Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav", "Ntxhais Nkauj" - kuj tau txais cov qhab nia siab thiab tau txais tib neeg txoj kev hlub.
YFyodor Reshetnikov
Fyodor Reshetnikov - tus sau ntawm nto moo painting "Dua deuce". Cov paintings ntawm no artist ntawm socialist realism yog recognizable thiab hlub los ntawm ntau tiam neeg. Tus kws sau ntawv txiv, tus kws kos duab keeb kwm yav dhau los, Fyodor tus tij laug, Vasily, kuj tau ci ntsa iab ua tus neeg pleev kob hauv tsev teev ntuj. Ua tsaug rau nws cov txuj ci, cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam Fyodor Reshetnikov tau txais txoj cai mus ncig ua si hauv lub ncov qaumteb qabteb ua tus kws tshaj xov xwm. Tom qab taug kev, tus tub hluas tau nto moo thiab nrov.
Arkady Plastov
Arkady Plastov, Tib Neeg Tus Kws Ua Yeeb Yam ntawm USSR, kuj tau yug los rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm cov neeg pleev kob icon. Nws tau txais nws kev kawm kos duab nyob rau hauv Moscow, thiab ces rov qab mus rau nws haiv neeg lub zos ntawm Prislonikha, Ulyanovsk cheeb tsam. Nws txoj hauj lwm yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov duab ntawm embellished nyob deb nroog Soviet lub neej. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov kev tsim tawm ntawm cov cim yog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog kev txawj ntawm tus sau. Raws li txoj cai, cov cim yog tib neeg tiag tiag, cov neeg zej zog ntawm tus sau.
Ilya Mashkov
txhuam ntawm Ilya Mashkov yog cov piv txwv ntawm kev sib raug zoo tiag tiag li"Livadia Peasant Resort", "Cov poj niam ua liaj ua teb nrog Pumpkins", "Cov Ntxhais los ntawm Kev Ua Luam Yeeb", "Soviet Bread", "Moscow Food". Tus kws kos duab tau yug los hauv tsev neeg ntawm cov tub lag luam me. Cov niam txiv tsis xav txog lawv tus tub txoj hauj lwm, thiab tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv, tus tub hluas tau los ua ib tug neeg ua haujlwm hauv khw muag khoom noj. Ntawm no nws pib kos cov cim thiab nyiam ua yeeb yam zoo. Ilya kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm kos duab, nrhiav tau lub koom haum kos duab nto moo "Jack of Diamonds", yog ib tus neeg ua haujlwm qhuas ntawm RSFSR.
Alexander Deineka
Alexander Deineka - tus kws kos duab zoo tshaj plaws hauv Soviet, duab kos duab, sculptor, xib fwb. Cov duab ntawm socialist realism nyob rau hauv nws qhov kev ua tau muaj lub teeb, sov so, tib neeg txoj kev xav thiab kev xav tau meej meej nyeem hauv lawv. Tus kws kos duab tsim cov duab kos duab hauv kev nyiam romantic, toj roob hauv pes, kev kos duab kev nom kev tswv, cov duab kos hauv cov menyuam yaus cov phau ntawv.
Duab ntawm socialist realism yog ib yam khoom ntawm lawv lub sijhawm. Nws tau muab pov tseg hauv 90s vim tsis muaj kev zoo nkauj, tab sis tam sim no tau rov qab los. Art connoisseurs, noj nrog hloov maj mam elegance thiab complexity ntawm daim ntawv, tab tom nrhiav rau qhov tseeb, lawv cov hauv paus hniav, nostalgic rau yav dhau los, uas zoo li tsis deb deb. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tau puv nrog cov xwm txheej thiab ua tau zoo heev ntawm kev muaj tswv yim. Cov duab thaij duab qhia txog pej xeem lub neej, xwm txheej, kev sib raug zoo hauv kev nplua nuj, ua siab dawb.
Pom zoo:
Cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo tshaj plaws: daim ntawv teev npe, kev ntaus nqi ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov phiaj xwm, khaub ncaws, cov cim tseem ceeb thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam
Cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo tshaj plaws tau ntxim nyiam cov neeg tuaj saib tsis yog nrog cov phiaj xwm ntxim nyiam thiab ua yeeb yam tsis zoo, tab sis kuj nrog cov ris tsho zoo nkauj thiab sab hauv. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog cov kab xev uas qhia txog cov xwm txheej tiag tiag lossis keeb kwm tsis tseeb. Qhov nthuav tshaj plaws ntawm lawv tau piav qhia hauv kab lus no
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Kev hlub tau tso nws lub cim rau hauv zej zog, kev tshawb fawb, paj huam, kos duab thiab xinesmas - hauv zaj nkauj zoo nkauj tshaj plaws. Dab tsi yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws melodrama, nws yog nyob ntawm tus saib thiab nws lub siab txiav txim siab. Tab sis cov neeg thuam twb tau ntsuas qhov lawv pom thiab ua rau lawv tus kheej ntsuas ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo nkauj tshaj plaws