2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Cov neeg nyiam ntawm Lavxias teb sab painting tau paub zoo txog lub npe ntawm tus kws kos duab Lavxias zoo li Boris Kustodiev. Xav txog hauv kab lus no muaj tswv yim biography ntawm tus neeg no.
Boris Kustodiev: luv luv biography, theem ntawm muaj tswv yim kom loj hlob
Tus neeg ua yeeb yam yav tom ntej yug hauv Astrakhan, hauv Tsarist Russia, xyoo 1878. Nws los ntawm ib tug kws qhia ntawv txawj ntse tsev neeg. Nws niam nws txiv hlub Lavxias teb sab kos duab thiab muab txoj kev hlub no rau lawv cov menyuam. Tus txiv ntawm tus kws kos duab tau qhia txog kev xav, kev xav thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm theological seminary. Thaum Boris muaj 2 xyoos, nws txiv tuag tam sim ntawd.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsev neeg muaj peev xwm muab kev kawm zoo rau tus tub: nws kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv parochial, tom qab ntawd tom gymnasium. Boris Kustodiev tau txais nws thawj zaug kev kawm kos duab ntawm Astrakhan gymnasium hauv zos.
Xyoo 1896, tus tub hluas tau nkag mus rau chav haujlwm muaj koob npe ntawm St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. Txij xyoo ob, tus kws kos duab nto moo I. E. Repin los ua nws tus kws qhia.
Nyob rau xyoo tas los ntawm Academy, Boris Kustodiev, thaum ua haujlwm ntawm nws daim duab kawm tiav hauv Kostroma xeev, tau ntsib nws tus poj niam yav tom ntej Yu. E. Poroshinsky. Nws kawm tiav los ntawm academy brilliantly: nrog ib tug kub puav pheej thiab zoo heevkev xav.
thawj qhov kev vam meej
Tom qab kev tshoob kos thiab qhov kawg ntawm chav kawm, tus kws kos duab Boris Kustodiev mus ncig xyuas txawv teb chaws kom paub txhua yam xim ntawm European lub neej. Nws tau mus xyuas Paris, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Ltalis. Nws tau ntsib cov neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo nyob sab Europe ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, zaum mus saib ntau qhov chaw ua yeeb yam thiab chaw ua yeeb yam.
Rov qab mus rau Russia, Kustodiev txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm ntawm hom duab kos duab. Nws tsim ib tug series ntawm tej hauj lwm "Village Holidays" thiab "Fairs". Cov txuj ci ntawm tus tub hluas nyiam cov xim ntawm nws cov neeg kawm. Raws li cov lus qhia ntawm Repin, Kustodiev tau raug xaiv los ua tus xibfwb ntawm St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Lavxias teb sab Artists, thiab pib koom tes nrog ntau cov ntawv sau thiab kos duab.
Portraits ntawm Kustodiev: ib hom ntawv nyeem
Boris Kustodiev nkag mus rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab feem ntau raws li ib tug txawj ntse portrait painting. Nws yog nws tus uas tsim tag nrho lub voj voog ntawm cov duab ntawm nws cov neeg kawm tiav, thiab nws cov canvases tseem suav tias yog masterworks.
Cov neeg thuam tau sau tseg tias hauv nws daim duab ob lub zog ntawm Repin cov xim thiab cov phiaj xwm thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm Serov cov duab kos pom lawv cov lus qhia. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws kos duab tuaj yeem tsim nws tus kheej style: hauv nws cov duab, tus neeg tsis yog nws lub ntsej muag thiab qhov muag, tab sis kuj los ntawm tag nrho ib puag ncig nws.
Cia peb xav txog qhov kev pom no nto moo "Merchant for Tea", sau rau xyoo 1918.
Txhua yam hauv daim duab no yog permeatedkev txaus siab thiab kev thaj yeeb. Lub ntsej muag tag nrho ntawm cov tub lag luam, nws cov khaub ncaws ci, cov khoom siv hauv tsev nyob ib puag ncig nws, txawm tias ib tus miv uas clings rau nws tus poj niam - ib qho kev xav tau xav hauv txhua yam: qhov no yog ob qho tib si lom zem thiab sim nkag siab txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus ntsuj plig. Russian neeg.
Nyob rau hauv cov neeg ua yeeb yam muaj ntau yam los ntawm cov pej xeem Lavxias teb sab, thiab los ntawm cov qub parsuns, thiab los ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab fairy taleas dluab ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj.
Ntau yam haujlwm nto moo
Ntxiv rau qhov tau hais los saum toj no "Tus Neeg Ua Lag Luam Tus Poj Niam rau Tshuaj yej", cov duab kos hauv qab no ntawm Kustodiev tau txais qhov nrov tshaj plaws: cov duab ntawm Fyodor Chaliapin, sau rau xyoo 1921, cov duab ntawm Maximilian Voloshin (1924), painting "Bolshevik " (1920), ua hauj lwm "Lavxias teb sab Venus" (1925), painting "Fair in Saratov".
Tag nrho cov canvases yog imbued nrog kev nkag siab ntawm kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub teb chaws tus ntsuj plig, kev nkag siab ntawm kev sib hlub sib sib zog nqus, lawv cov yam ntxwv nta yog ib tug riot ntawm cov xim thiab monumental dluab.
Tus neeg hu nkauj Lavxias zoo tshaj Fyodor Chaliapin thiab tus kws sau ntawv Maximilian Voloshin tshwm sim raws li Lavxias tus phab ej hauv Kustodiev cov duab. Chaliapin sawv hauv lub tsho plaub dav qhib, nws hnav zoo li dandy, tab sis tib lub sij hawm muaj qee yam pej xeem, muaj zog thiab kev tshoov siab hauv nws daim duab. Ib yam li loj thiab majestic yog Voloshin, nws lub taub hau so ntawm huab.
Nyob rau hauv daim duab "Bolshevik" tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb, piav qhia tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm daim chij liab liab, npaj txhij mus viav vias ntawm lub tuam tsev. Kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug Bolshevik yog sib npaug rau qhov siab ntawm ib tug architectural qauv. Yog li, tus kws kos duab dismantles tus txiv neej ntawm lub sijhawm tshiab, uas pom nws tus kheej ua tus yeej ntawm cov txheej txheem qub thiab tus tsim.lub neej tshiab.
Ntau daim canvases tau pleev xim los ntawm Boris Kustodiev thaum lub sijhawm nws lub neej muaj tswv yim, nws cov duab ua rau cov neeg tuaj saib zoo siab nrog lawv cov peev txheej thiab muaj koob meej.
Cov duab rau kev sau ntawv thiab ua yeeb yam
Kustodiev kuj tau nto moo ua tus kws kos duab zoo heev. Thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej, nws tau tsim ntau yam hauj lwm rau cov ntawv xov xwm uas qhia cov duab ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab classical ntaub ntawv uas nws to taub. Nws zoo kawg nkaus piav qhia txog tej hauj lwm ntawm Leskov, kos engravings thiab txawm caricatures.
Ntau hom kev kos duab Lavxias tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm Boris Kustodiev, nws cov duab kos tau siv rau hauv qhov chaw ua yeeb yam. Cov txuj ci ntawm cov kws kos duab tshwj xeeb yog vividly embodied thaum tsim scenery rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Moscow Art Theatre. Cov no yog cov hauj lwm raws li tej hauj lwm ntawm Ostrovsky, S altykov-Shchedrin thiab txawm Zamyatin (los ntawm txoj kev, ib qho ntawm feem nto moo portraits Zamyatin belongs rau Kustodiev txhuam). Nws tej hauj lwm tau nyiam los ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub rau lawv txoj kev yooj yim, lub zog ntawm cov duab embodiment thiab xaiv cov xim zoo heev.
xyoo kawg ntawm lub neej
Boris Kustodiev tswj tau ua ntau yam hauv nws lub neej muaj tswv yim, nws phau ntawv keeb kwm yog kev lees paub ncaj qha ntawm qhov no.
Tus kws kos duab raug kaw rau lub rooj zaum muaj log rau 15 xyoo dhau los ntawm nws lub neej. Qhov tseeb yog tias nws raug tsim txom los ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav txaus ntshai thiab mob hnyav ntawm tus txha caj qaum, uas tsis tau teb rau kev kho mob phais. Kustodiev raug yuam kom sau ua ntej thaum zaum, thiab tom qab ntawd pw.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws txuas ntxiv tsis yog hauv kev kos duab nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj rau pej xeemkev ua ub no, thiab txawm tias xyoo 1923 tau koom nrog Koom Haum Ua Yeeb Yam ntawm Revolutionary Russia.
Tuag Boris Mikhailovich hauv xyoo 1927, faus hauv Leningrad - ntawm lub toj ntxas ntawm Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Pom zoo:
"Keeb kwm ntawm lub zos Goryukhina", zaj dab neeg tsis tiav los ntawm Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin: keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, cov ntsiab lus, cov cim tseem ceeb
Zaj dab neeg tsis tiav "Cov Keeb Kwm ntawm Lub Zos ntawm Goryukhin" tsis tau txais kev nyiam dav li ntau ntawm Pushkin lwm yam tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, zaj dab neeg hais txog cov neeg Goryukhin tau sau tseg los ntawm ntau tus neeg thuam raws li kev ua haujlwm zoo heev thiab tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Alexander Sergeevich
Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv nyeem
Tus nyeem ntawv pom nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ib yam dab tsi ze rau nws, nyob ntawm seb lub ntiaj teb saib, theem ntawm kev txawj ntse, kev sib raug zoo hauv zej zog. Thiab nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas tus neeg paub thiab nkag siab yuav nyob deb ntawm lub tswv yim tseem ceeb uas tus sau nws tus kheej tau sim muab tso rau hauv nws txoj haujlwm
Elric los ntawm Melnibone: tus sau, keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv raws sijhawm, cov tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev txhais lus
Michael Moorcock pib sau dab neeg txog Elric ntawm Melnibone hauv xyoo 1950. John Corton tau pab tus kws sau ntawv xav txog tus cwj pwm. Nws xa cov ntawv sketches rau ntawm daim ntawv, nrog rau kev xav txog kev loj hlob ntawm tus phab ej
Niccolò Machiavelli, "Tus Emperor": cov tswv yim nyeem ntawv, lub tswv yim tseem ceeb, cov ntsiab lus, nqe lus
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Machiavelli's "Tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv" yuav txaus siab rau txhua tus kiv cua ntawm tus kws sau ntawv nruab nrab thiab tus kws tshawb fawb no. Hauv nws phau ntawv, uas tau suav tias yog lus dab neeg rau ntau pua xyoo, nws tau piav qhia txog txoj hauv kev ntawm tsoomfwv, kev txeeb ntawm lub hwj chim thiab kev txawj ntse uas txhua tus kav yuav tsum muaj. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav muab cov ntsiab lus ntawm phau ntawv thiab tshuaj xyuas uas cov neeg nyeem tawm ntawm nws
Yu.Bondarev, "Ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv": cov ntsiab lus, zajlus, cov cim tseem ceeb thiab lub tswv yim ntawm phau ntawv
Zaj dab neeg "Lub Ntug Dej" los ntawm Bondarev yog ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias no, yog tus koom nrog Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Phau ntawv no tau sau xyoo 1975. Tus kws sau ntawv tau txais USSR State Prize rau nws. Nyob rau hauv 1984, zaj duab xis ntawm tib lub npe Alexander Alov thiab Vladimir Naumov raug tso tawm. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws tau ua si los ntawm Boris Shcherbakov thiab Natalya Belokhvostikova. Bondarev tau sau tsab ntawv rau zaj yeeb yaj kiab, uas nws tau txais khoom plig ntawm All-Union Film Festival
