Yu.Bondarev, "Ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv": cov ntsiab lus, zajlus, cov cim tseem ceeb thiab lub tswv yim ntawm phau ntawv

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Zaj dab neeg "Lub Ntug Dej" los ntawm Bondarev yog ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias no, yog tus koom nrog Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Phau ntawv no tau sau xyoo 1975. Tus kws sau ntawv tau txais USSR State Prize rau nws. Nyob rau hauv 1984, zaj duab xis ntawm tib lub npe Alexander Alov thiab Vladimir Naumov raug tso tawm. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws tau ua si los ntawm Boris Shcherbakov thiab Natalya Belokhvostikova. Bondarev tau sau tsab ntawv rau zaj yeeb yaj kiab, uas nws tau txais khoom plig ntawm All-Union Film Festival. Hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav qhia txog zaj dab neeg tshiab, txog nws lub tswv yim tseem ceeb.

Summary

Bondarev's novel "The Shore" pib nrog tus naas ej Soviet sau Vadim Nikitin ya mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees ntawm kev caw ntawm Frau Herbert, ib tug qhuas ntawm nws cov txuj ci. Nws tau nrog nws cov npoj yaig Platon Samsonov. Ib tug poj niam German tau caw ib tug kws sau ntawv hauv Soviet mus rau lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub voj voog kev sau ntawv los pauvkev xav txog kab lis kev cai niaj hnub.

Nikitin coj Samsonov nrog nws ua tus neeg txhais lus, txij li tus neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm Yuri Bondarev tus tshiab "Lub Ntug Dej" tsis hais lus German zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau, cov phooj ywg tab tom tham txog Frau Herbert tsab ntawv, uas nws qhuas Nikitin cov hauj lwm, muab piv nws nrog rau lwm cov Lavxias teb sab classics.

Lawv tau ntsib ntawm tshav dav hlau los ntawm Herbert nws tus kheej, uas hloov tawm los ua qhov txawv ntawm qhov lawv xav txog. Nyob rau hauv lub tshiab "Coast" Bondarev piav txog ib tug elegant, slender thiab nplua nuj poj niam. Nws coj lawv mus rau lub tsev so thiab caw lawv noj tshais. Herbert nug Nikitin yog tias nws puas tau mus rau Tebchaws Yelemees. Tus kws sau ntawv hais tias xyoo 1945 nws tau ua ib lub nroog me me. Qhov no yog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb hauv cov lus piav qhia, uas yuav tsum tau sau tseg hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm Bondarev's "Shore".

Hamburg taug kev

Tom qab noj tshais, cov phooj ywg tawm mus tshawb Hamburg. Lawv mus xyuas lub monument rau tus phab ej ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II. Ib zaug ntawm Reeperbahn, lawv yuam kev mus rau hauv ib qho chaw noj mov uas lawv qhia Fabkis porn. Tom qab lawv NW nyuam qhuav tswj mus tua cov niam ntiav hauv zos.

Nikitin nco qab txog qhov nws tau txais nws thawj tus nqi loj, uas nws ua si hauv taverns nrog tus kws sau paj huam Vikhrov. Tom qab ntawd txhua yam xaus tu siab: rau kev sib ntaus nws raug coj mus rau tub ceev xwm, thiab cov nyiaj seem tseem tsis txaus them tus nqi xauj tsev.

Ntsib Herbert dua, lawv ntsib cov neeg sau xov xwm Ditzman, tshaj tawm Weber thiab nws tus poj niam, tus hu nkauj Lota Tittel. Lawvkev sib tham yog nyob ib ncig ntawm kev nom kev tswv thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub teb chaws. Lawv kuj tham txog kev tsov rog kawg: nws cuam tshuam li cas rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, yuav ua li cas Lavxias teb sab tub rog raped German poj niam. Yog li ntawd, lawv tuaj mus rau qhov xaus tias Nazism yog qhov tshwm sim tsis yog hauv ib lub tebchaws xwb. Tittel thuam Hitler, thov tias nws tau ua kev txaj muag rau nws lub tebchaws.

Thaum kawg ntawm yav tsaus ntuj, Samsonov tawm mus rau lub tsev so, thiab Herbert nug Nikitin nyob. Nws qhia nws ib tug qub album, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib daim duab ntawm ib tug hluas nkauj nyob ze ntawm lub teb chaws tsev. Hauv nws, Nikitin lees paub nws tus hlub los ntawm 1945, uas tam sim no yog Herbert.

Zoo

Nov yog lub npe thib ob ntawm Bondarev phau ntawv "Coast". Nyob rau hauv nws, tus nyeem ntawv paub txog cov xwm txheej ntawm lub Tsib Hlis 1945, thaum Berlin twb ib nrab ntawm cov tub rog Soviet. Nikitin ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub platoon occupies Koenigsdorf.

Nws pab pawg tau so. Txhua leej txhua tus nyob rau hauv lub siab tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv kev cia siab ntawm yuav los yeej. Sergeant Mezhenin tuaj rau Nikitin, uas nyob ze pom lub tsheb tawg nrog lub moos thiab nyiaj. Ib txhia nws tswj nqa mus, thiab tus so nws nkaum. Mezhenin qhia nws qhov kev pom, xav paub seb nws puas muaj nqis dab tsi. Tus protagonist hais tias lub moos yog pheej yig, qhia nws muab rau cov tub rog thiab pov tseg cov nyiaj. Tab sis tus tub ceev xwm tsis kam.

Galya thiab Knyazhko

Thaum Nikitin nqes los noj tshais, nws hloov tawm tias Mezhenin twb qhia rau lwm tus txog kev nrhiav. Tam sim no tus phab ej ntawm qhov tshiab "Lub Ntug Dej" los ntawm Yuri Bondarev txiav txim siab ua dab tsi ntxiv. Nikitin xaj kom faibsaib cov tub rog, thiab muab nyiaj rau nws. Mezhenin obeys.

Tom qab ntawd, nws mus taug kev nrog Lieutenant Knyazhko. Thaum lawv rov qab los, lawv pom tus thawj coj tub rog Granautov thiab tus tub ceev xwm los ntawm chav kho mob Galya ua si phaib. Nws hloov tawm tias Galya hlub Knyazhko, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem teb nws vim nws txoj kev txawj ntse. Tus thawj tub rog tub rog siv zog saib xyuas Galya, ua txhua yam kom Knyazhko pom qhov no.

Thaum tus ntxhais txiav txim siab tawm mus, Nikitin pom nws tawm. Nws yws rau nws txog Knyazhko tsis quav ntsej nws, lees txim tias nws tseem hlub nws.

German Emma

Rov qab mus rau nws chav, Nikitin pom Mezhenin, uas tab tom yuav rape ib tug poj niam liab-hais German. Lub protagonist ntawm Bondarev tus tshiab "Lub ntug dej hiav txwv" yuam kom tus ntxhais nyob ib leeg. Thaum Mezhenin tsis kam, nws hem nws nrog lub tsev hais plaub thiab tua. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd tus tub rog khiav tawm.

Nikitin coj Emma, lub npe ntawm tus ntxhais plaub hau liab, mus rau pem hauv ntej. Nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev nyob yog twb ib tug tub hluas 15-xyoo-laus nyob rau hauv lub tsom iav, uas tau coj los ntawm sentry. Knyazhko, ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Granautov, tab tom npaj mus nug nws. Kev quaj Emma nug Kurt, thaum nws hu tus tub, qhia txhua yam.

Tseem pom tias lawv yog kwv tij thiab muam. Lawv tuaj rau lub tsev no mus khaws lawv tej khoom thiab mus rau Hamburg, qhov chaw uas lawv yawg nyob. Kurt tau tawm tsam hauv German pawg neeg tawm tsam, tab sis khiav tawm ntawm qhov ntawd. Yuav luag tag nrho cov tswv cuab ntawm cov detachment no yog tib cov tub hluas li nws yog.

German pawg neeg

Granoutov npaj tsim txom Kurt kom qhia nws ntxiv, tab sisKnyazhko kom nws tso ob leeg mus. Tom yuav tsum mloog zoo li ib tug junior nyob rau hauv qeb.

Thaum sawv ntxov tus ntxhais tsa Nikitin, nqa kas fes rau nws. Nws pib mus cuag nws. Tus tub ceev xwm Soviet sim tsis kam, tab sis Emma hais rau nws. Lub protagonist ntawm tus tshiab "Shore" Y. Bondareva nco qab nws thawj zaug nrog tus kws kho mob Zhenya. Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, lub zos raug tawm tsam los ntawm Germans, nws thiab Zhenya sim khiav, tab sis tus ntxhais raug mob. Nws tuag ob hnub ntxiv lawm.

Thaum tus tub rog yau tshaj plaws hauv Ushatikov lub platoon nqa dej rau Nikitin chais, Emma twb tswj tau tawm mus. Tsis ntev Mezhenin tuaj ntsib nws, uas tshaj tawm tias nws paub txog nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog tus poj niam German. Nws pib hem tias nws yuav qhia cov tub ceev xwm txog txhua yam. Hauv kev teb, Nikitin nco qab tias yuav ua li cas hauv Zhytomyr nws tsis kam ua raws li nws qhov kev txiav txim thaum nws deev nrog ob tus kws saib xyuas neeg mob los ntawm chav kho mob. Mezhenin tawm tsam.

Clash nrog Germans

Thaum sawv ntxov, ib feem ntawm lawv tau tawm tsam los ntawm German tus kheej-propelled phom. Txiav txim siab mus sib ntaus. Nikitin thiab Knyazhko yaum cov tub rog mus rau pem hauv ntej, tab sis lawv tsis kam. Mezhenin liam cov tub ceev xwm tias cov neeg ntiag tug yuav tuag vim lawv xav tau qhov khoom plig tshiab. Lub protagonist ntawm tus tshiab "Ntiaj Teb" Bondarev hais kom nws nyob twj ywm thiab mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Meanwhile, cov Germans tabtom tshuab tus choj. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom nrhiav tau cov phom self-propelled. Cov neeg Russians khiav tawm.

Thaum sawv daws twb xav tias qhov xwm txheej tau txias lawm, Lieutenant Perlin tuaj txog thiab thov kom cov neeg German raug ntiab tawm ntawm hav zoov. Knyazhkoxa mus ua qhov kev txiav txim. Ntawm txoj kev, lawv hla lub cev ntawm ib tug hluas German.

Nyob rau ntawm txoj kev mus rau hav zoov, lawv nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Mezhenin pov ob lub foob pob rau hauv tsev. Ib qho tawg tau hnov, ua raws li lub suab nrov. Knyazhko nkag siab tias tsis muaj tub rog nyob rau hauv lub tsev, tab sis cov tub ntxhais hluas partisans, uas Kurt tau tham txog. Cov tub ntxhais hluas ntshai thiab tsis paub yuav ua li cas. Knyazhko, tsis muaj tub rog, mus txog lub tsev, muab lawv tso tseg. Lawv tsa ib tug chij dawb, vim yog Knyazhko raug tua nrog rab phom tshuab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov tub rog Soviet tswj xyuas cov hav zoov, thiab coj cov tub ntxhais hluas raug kaw.

Nws hloov tawm tias Knyazhko raug tua los ntawm German tub rog. Mezhenin sim tua nws hauv kev npau taws, tab sis nws tsis txaus siab. Galya quaj inconsolably hla lub cev ntawm nws tus hlub. Nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj muaj memorials. Nikitin, tom qab haus vodka, tshaj tawm tias lawv txhua tus yuav tsum liam rau kev tuag ntawm tus tub ceev xwm, uas tau ua phem rau kev ua siab loj thiab ua siab loj. Tom qab ntawd, nws coj Knyazhko cov khoom, ib tsab ntawv xa mus rau Galya, thiab mus rau nws chav. Nyob rau hauv cov lus, tus neeg tuag lieutenant sau tias yuav tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm nws thiab tus ntxhais, txij li thaum muaj kev tsov rog nyob ib puag ncig. Lub sijhawm no tsis yog lub sijhawm tsim tsev fuabtais saum huab cua.

Txoj kev tsim kho tshiab

Tag kis sawv ntxov, Nikitin sawv rov los hauv tib lub txaj nrog Emma. Lawv txoj kev sib hlub sib txhawb. Lawv qhia ib leeg cov lus tsis paub, ua raws li tus npauj npaim. Lub idyll yog tawg los ntawm Ushatikov, uas xa ib qho kev txiav txim los ntawm lub battalion commander kom sai sai tshwm sim.

Granautov xav kom nws muab ib tsab ntawv rau Knyazhko Galya, uas zaum ntawm nws. Nikitin thov kom tsis paub txog nws lub neej. Ces tus thawj tub rog pib hem tias nws yuav qhia txhua tus txog nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog Emma. Nikitinntsiag to teb.

Ntshai Galya kom lawv tsis txhob sib cav, thiab Granautov hais tias nws yeej tsis nyiam nws, thiab nws tsuas ntsib nws kom ntxhov siab Knyazhko.

Nikitin tuaj rau Mezhenin, thov kom nws xa nws mus rau lub tsev hais plaub. Tus tub ceev xwm npau taws pov lub rooj zaum ntawm tus protagonist, uas tua. Nikitin raug ntes, thiab Mezhenin raug xa mus rau chav kho mob. Thaum nws raug kaw, nws hais kom Ushatikov, uas saib xyuas nws, npaj lwm lub rooj sib tham nrog Emma. Private npaj txhua yam. Lawv lees txim tias lawv hlub ib leeg, nyob ib hmos ua ke.

Thaum cov German tawm thaum sawv ntxov, Granautov tso Nikitin ntawm lub tsev tiv thaiv, tshaj tawm tias nws yog lub sijhawm mus rau kev sib ntaus sib tua zaum kawg tawm tsam Nazis. Rau qhov ua txhaum cai, tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb raug hem nrog kaum hnub ntawm kev ntes.

Tsis ntev tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua, Mezhenin tuag hauv lub tsheb, raug hluav taws.

Nostalgia

Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm Bondarev's "Shore", qhov no yog lub npe ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qhov tshiab. Cov xwm txheej rov qab mus rau peb lub sijhawm. Nikitin rov qab los rau hauv chav tsaus ntuj. Nws tsis tuaj yeem pw tsaug zog txhua txoj kev, yog li nws hu Samsonov. Nws hais txog txhua yam uas tau tshwm sim. Samsonov tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab tias yog vim li cas nws thiaj txhawj xeeb.

Hnub tom qab tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb koom nrog kev sib tham txog kev kos duab, kev nom kev tswv, kev coj cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg German hauv Russia. Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm txoj haujlwm, lawv mus rau Merry Owl tavern. Nikitin thiab Herbert tham ntau nrog ib leeg thiab seev cev. Tsis ntev tus poj niam yuav mob, lawv txiav txim siab mus ntxiv yav tsaus ntuj nyob rau hauv ib tug ntxivqhov chaw ntsiag to. Hauv lub tsev noj mov tshiab, lawv tham txog lawv txoj hmoo thiab lub neej tom qab tsov rog.

Kev sib tw

Nws hloov tawm tias Nikitin tau sib yuav, thiab tsis ntev los no nws tus tub tuag. Herbert yog poj ntsuam, nws tus ntxhais tau mus rau Canada. Nws lees txim tias nws tseem hlub tus qub tub rog Soviet.

Nyob hauv tshav dav hlau, ib tug poj niam German pov nws tus kheej rau ntawm Nikitin lub caj dab, qw nws lub npe, nws tsuas ua rau nws tsaug zog xwb.

Nyob rau hauv dav hlau, tus kws sau ntawv xav tias nws lub siab mob, tab sis nws sau nws tawm li cognac. Nws nyob hauv qhov tuav ntawm kev nco. Sawv cev rau tus tub tuag, tus poj niam uas yuav luag npau taws, nws thaum yau. Lub sijhawm no, nws mob heev. Samsonov los cawm, tab sis nws lig dhau lawm.

Analysis

Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb uas tus kws sau ua rau hauv txoj haujlwm no yog kev coj ncaj ncees. Cov lus nug uas txhawj xeeb txog nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev tawm tsam rau detente thiab kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb ntawm Western thiab Soviet systems.

Thaum txheeb xyuas Bondarev's Shore, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tseem ceeb nyob ib puag ncig cov lus nug ntawm dab tsi txhais tib neeg, dab tsi yog tib neeg txoj kev ntseeg, seb nws txawv ntawm kev paub daws teeb meem.

Lub npe yog sau los ntawm kev xav xav. Yuri Bondarev nyob rau hauv lub tshiab "Lub ntug dej hiav txwv" xav txog ob lub ntug hiav txwv dej thiab ob lub sij hawm dav hlau, uas yog repel los yog converge. Lawv tsim lub tebchaws Soviet nrog rau sab hnub poob thiab lub sijhawm, niaj hnub rau cov phab ej, nrog rau cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog.