Chukovsky cov haujlwm rau menyuam yaus: daim ntawv teev npe. Ua haujlwm los ntawm Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Chukovsky tej hauj lwm, paub rau ntau yam ntawm cov neeg nyeem, yog, thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho cov, paj huam thiab rhymed fairy tales rau cov me nyuam. Tsis yog txhua tus paub tias ntxiv rau cov kev tsim no, tus kws sau ntawv muaj kev ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb ntawm nws cov npoj yaig nto moo thiab lwm yam haujlwm. Tom qab tshuaj xyuas lawv, koj tuaj yeem nkag siab qhov haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm Chukovsky yuav dhau los ua koj nyiam.

Keeb Kwm

Nws yog qhov nthuav tias Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky yog ib qho kev sau ntawv sau npe. Ib daim duab tiag tiag hu ua Nikolai Vasilievich Korneichukov. Nws yug hauv St. Petersburg thaum Lub Peb Hlis 19, 1882. Nws niam Ekaterina Osipovna, ib tug neeg ua liaj ua teb poj niam nyob rau hauv lub xeev Poltava, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm St. Nws yog tus poj niam tsis raug cai ntawm Emmanuil Solomonovich Levinson. Nkawm niam txiv muaj ib tug ntxhais, Maria, thawj zaug, thiab peb xyoos tom qab, ib tug tub, Nikolai yug los. Tab sis lub sijhawm ntawd, kev sib yuav tsis sib xws tsis tau txais tos, yog li thaum kawg Levinson tau sib yuav ib tug poj niam nplua nuj, thiab Ekaterina Osipovna tsiv mus rau Odessa nrog nws cov menyuam.

Nikolay mus raukindergarten, ces mus rau gymnasium. Tab sis nws ua tsis tau tiav vim muaj keeb kwm tsis zoo.

Prose for laus

Tus kws sau ntawv cov haujlwm sau cia tau pib xyoo 1901, thaum nws cov ntawv luam tawm hauv Odessa Xov Xwm. Chukovsky kawm lus Askiv, yog li nws raug xa mus rau London los ntawm cov kws kho cov ntawv luam tawm no. Rov qab mus rau Odessa, nws tau koom nrog hauv 1905 kiv puag ncig kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub peev xwm.

Xyoo 1907, Chukovsky tau txhais cov haujlwm ntawm W alt Whitman. Nws tau muab txhais ua lus Lavxias thiab lwm tus kws sau ntawv Askiv: Twain, Kipling, Wilde. Cov haujlwm no los ntawm Chukovsky tau nrov heev.

Nws sau phau ntawv txog Akhmatova, Mayakovsky, Blok. Txij li thaum 1917, Chukovsky tau ua hauj lwm rau ib tug monograph ntawm Nekrasov. Nov yog ib txoj haujlwm ntev uas tau luam tawm xyoo 1952.

paj huam los ntawm me nyuam paj huam

Nws yuav pab koj nrhiav seb Chukovsky ua haujlwm rau menyuam yaus yog dab tsi, ib daim ntawv teev npe. Cov no yog cov paj huam luv luv uas cov menyuam yaus kawm thaum ntxov thiab hauv tsev kawm theem qis:

• "Nkauj ruam";
• "Piglet";
• "Elephant reading";
• "Hmoob luag ntxhi";
• "Zakalyaka";
• "Sandwich";
• "Fedotka";
• "Npua";
• "Garden";
• " vaub kib ";
• "Nkauj khaum kho siab";
• "Tadpoles";
• "Bebeka";
• "Camel";
• "Zoo siab";
• "Zoo-zoo-yawm txiv";
• "Yolka";
• "A ya hauv da dej";
• " qaib ".

Cov npe saum toj no yuav pab kawm Chukovsky cov paj huam me me rau menyuam yaus. Yog tias tus nyeem xav paub txog lub npe, xyoo sau ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus dab neeg ntawm cov ntawv sau, ces cov npe hauv qab no.

Chukovsky cov haujlwm rau menyuam yaus - Crocodile, Cockroach, Moidodyr

Xyoo 1916, Korney Ivanovich tau sau zaj dab neeg "Crocodile", zaj paj huam no tau ntsib nrog kev tshuaj xyuas sib xyaw. Yog li, tus poj niam ntawm V. Lenin, N. Krupskaya, tau hais lus thuam txog txoj haujlwm no. Cov neeg sau ntawv thuam thiab sau ntawv Yuri Tynyanov, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, hais tias cov menyuam yaus zaj paj huam tau qhib thaum kawg. N. Btsky, sau ib daim ntawv nyob rau hauv Siberian pedagogical phau ntawv journal, sau tseg nyob rau hauv nws hais tias cov me nyuam txaus siab txais tos "Crocodile". Lawv niaj hnub qhuas cov kab no, mloog zoo siab heev. Nws tuaj yeem pom tias lawv tu siab npaum li cas los koom nrog phau ntawv no thiab nws cov cim.

Chukovsky cov haujlwm rau cov menyuam yaus yog qhov "Cockroach". Zaj dab neeg tau sau los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv hauv xyoo 1921. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Korney Ivanovich kuj tuaj nrog Moidodyr. Raws li nws tus kheej hais, nws sau cov dab neeg no nyob rau hauv 2-3 hnub, tab sis nws tsis muaj qhov twg los luam lawv. Tom qab ntawd nws tau thov kom tsim ib lub sijhawm rau cov menyuam yaus thiab hu nws "Zaj Zaj". Ob qhov haujlwm nto moo ntawm Chukovsky tau luam tawm nyob ntawd.

Wonder Tree

Hauv xyoo 1924, Korney Ivanovich sau "Lub Miracle Tree". Lub sijhawm ntawd, coob leej nyob hauv kev txom nyem, kev ntshawhnav khaub ncaws zoo nkauj tsuas yog npau suav xwb. Chukovsky embodied lawv nyob rau hauv nws ua hauj lwm. Ntawm tsob ntoo miracle, tsis nplooj, tsis paj, tab sis khau, khau, khau, khau khiab loj hlob. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, cov menyuam yaus tseem tsis tau muaj ris tsho, yog li lawv hnav cov paj rwb uas txuas nrog cov pendants tshwj xeeb.

Hauv zaj paj huam no, ib yam li lwm tus, tus kws sau ntawv hais txog Murochka. Nws yog nws tus ntxhais uas nws hlub, nws tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog 11 xyoos, raug mob tuberculosis. Nyob rau hauv zaj paj huam no, nws sau hais tias me ntsis xiav knitted khau nrog pompoms raug torn tawm rau Murochka, piav qhia txog yam lawv niam lawv txiv coj los ntawm tsob ntoo rau cov me nyuam.

Tam sim no muaj tsob ntoo tiag tiag. Tab sis cov khoom tsis raug rub tawm ntawm nws, tab sis lawv tau dai. Nws tau dai kom zoo nkauj los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm kev qhuas ntawm tus kws sau ntawv uas nws hlub thiab nyob ze nws lub tsev-tsev cia puav pheej. Hauv kev nco txog zaj dab neeg ntawm tus kws sau ntawv nto moo, tsob ntoo tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ntau yam khoom ntawm khaub ncaws, khau, ribbon.

"Buzzing Fly" yog ib zaj dab neeg tsim los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv zoo siab thiab seev cev

1924 yog cim los ntawm kev tsim "Tsokotukha Fly". Nyob rau hauv nws memoirs, tus sau qhia nthuav lub sij hawm uas tshwm sim thaum sau ntawv no masterpiece. Nyob rau hnub kub kub ntawm lub Yim Hli 29, 1923, Chukovsky tau ntxhov siab nrog kev xyiv fab loj heev, nws xav tias tag nrho nws lub siab lub ntiaj teb zoo nkauj npaum li cas thiab nws zoo npaum li cas nyob hauv nws. Kab pib yug los ntawm lawv tus kheej. Nws nqa ib tug cwj mem, ib daim ntawv thiab pib kos kab sai sai.

Piav tus yoov kab tshoob, tus sau zoo li ib tug vauv ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim. Ib zaug nws sim piav qhiaqhov tawg no, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem kos ntau tshaj ob kab. Hnub no, kev tshoov siab tuaj. Thaum nws nrhiav tsis tau ntawv ntxiv lawm, nws tsuas rub ib daim ntawv ntsa nyob rau hauv txoj kev thiab sau nws sai sai. Thaum tus sau pib qhia nyob rau hauv nqe lus hais txog kab tshoob seev cev ntawm ya, nws pib sau thiab seev cev tib lub sijhawm. Korney Ivanovich hais tias yog leej twg pom ib tug 42-xyoo-laus tus txiv neej uas rushes nyob rau hauv ib tug shamanic seev cev, qw tawm cov lus, tam sim ntawd sau rau ntawm ib tug plua plav strip ntawm wallpaper, nws yuav xav tias ib yam dab tsi tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Nrog tib yam yooj yim nws ua tiav txoj haujlwm. Thaum nws tiav lawm, tus kws sau paj lug hloov mus ua ib tug neeg nkees nkees thiab tshaib plab uas nyuam qhuav tuaj txog hauv nroog los ntawm nws dacha.

Lwm yam ntawm tus kws sau paj huam rau cov hluas mloog

Chukovsky hais tias thaum tsim rau cov menyuam yaus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog tsawg kawg ib ntus kom tig mus rau cov neeg me no uas cov kab tau hais. Tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev mob siab rau thiab kev tshoov siab.

Ib yam li ntawd, lwm yam haujlwm los ntawm Korney Chukovsky tau tsim - "tsis meej pem" (1926) thiab "Barmaley" (1926). Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, tus kws sau paj huam tau ntsib "lub siab lub ntsws ntawm kev xyiv fab ntawm menyuam yaus" thiab zoo siab sau cov kab lus uas tau yug los sai sai hauv nws lub taub hau rau ntawm daim ntawv.

Lwm yam haujlwm tsis tau muab rau Chukovsky yooj yim heev. Raws li nws tus kheej tau lees paub, lawv tau yug los rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev rov qab los ntawm nws lub siab lub ntsws rau thaum yau, tab sis raug tsim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hnyav thiab ntev.

Yog li nws tau sau "Fedorino txoj kev tu siab" (1926), "Xov tooj" (1926). Thawj zaj dab neeg qhiacov me nyuam ntawm kev huv, qhia tau hais tias dab tsi tub nkeeg thiab tsis kam ua kom koj lub tsev huv si ua rau. Fragments ntawm "Xov tooj" yog ib qho yooj yim kom nco ntsoov. Txawm tias ib tug me nyuam muaj peb xyoos tuaj yeem rov qab tau yooj yim dua tom qab lawv niam lawv txiv. Nov yog qee qhov tseem ceeb thiab nthuav ua haujlwm ntawm Chukovsky, cov npe tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv nrog cov dab neeg "Lub Hnub Nyoog", "Aibolit" thiab lwm yam haujlwm ntawm tus sau.

"The Stolen Sun", dab neeg txog Aibolit thiab lwm tus phab ej

"The Stolen Sun" Korney Ivanovich sau rau xyoo 1927. Zaj dab neeg qhia tias khej nqos lub hnub thiab yog li txhua yam nyob ib puag ncig tau poob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. Vim li no, ntau yam xwm txheej tau pib tshwm sim. Cov tsiaj ntshai khej thiab tsis paub yuav ua li cas tshem lub hnub ntawm nws. Rau qhov no, ib tug dais tau hu ua, uas qhia txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntshai thiab, nrog rau lwm yam tsiaj, muaj peev xwm rov qab tau lub luminary rau nws qhov chaw.

"Aibolit", tsim los ntawm Korney Ivanovich nyob rau hauv 1929, kuj qhia txog ib tug siab tawv hero - tus kws kho mob uas tsis ntshai mus rau teb chaws Africa los pab tsiaj. Lwm cov menyuam yaus tej hauj lwm ntawm Chukovsky, uas tau sau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, tsis tshua paub - cov no yog lus Askiv Folk Songs, Aibolit thiab Sparrow, Toptygin thiab Hma liab.

Xyoo 1942, Korney Ivanovich sau zaj dab neeg "Peb yuav kov yeej Barmaley!". Nrog rau txoj haujlwm no, tus sau xaus nws cov dab neeg txog tus tub sab. Xyoo 1945-46, tus sau tau tsim Bibigon's Adventure. Tus kws sau ntawv rov qhuas tus neeg siab tawv, nws tsis ntshai tawm tsam cov neeg phem uas loj dua nws ob peb zaug.

Cov hauj lwm ntawm Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky qhia cov me nyuam ua siab zoo, tsis ntshai, raug. Lawv qhuas txog kev phooj ywg thiab lub siab zoo ntawm tus phab ej.