Muaj pes tsawg tus neeg, ntau qhov kev xav: leej twg hais, qhov kev qhia los ntawm thiab keeb kwm ntawm nqe lus

Cov txheej txheem:

Muaj pes tsawg tus neeg, ntau qhov kev xav: leej twg hais, qhov kev qhia los ntawm thiab keeb kwm ntawm nqe lus
Muaj pes tsawg tus neeg, ntau qhov kev xav: leej twg hais, qhov kev qhia los ntawm thiab keeb kwm ntawm nqe lus

Video: Muaj pes tsawg tus neeg, ntau qhov kev xav: leej twg hais, qhov kev qhia los ntawm thiab keeb kwm ntawm nqe lus

Video: Muaj pes tsawg tus neeg, ntau qhov kev xav: leej twg hais, qhov kev qhia los ntawm thiab keeb kwm ntawm nqe lus
Video: Юдифь, убивающая Олоферна 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Txij thaum ub los, tib neeg hais lossis ua qee yam raws li kev xav ntawm lwm tus. Lawv mob siab rau pej xeem kev xav, qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm. Nrog rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis thiab kev tshwm sim ntawm kev sib raug zoo, thaum muaj ntau lub sijhawm los ua raws li lub neej ntawm lwm tus, txhua tus neeg sim ua raws li qee qhov qauv, xav tias nws yuav tau txais kev rau txim los ntawm pej xeem yog tias nws sawv. Tab sis raws li peb paub, koj tsis tuaj yeem txaus siab rau txhua tus. Thiab qhov tshwm sim no muaj peev xwm thiab raug piav qhia los ntawm cov lus hais: "Puas muaj pes tsawg tus neeg, ntau qhov kev xav." Nws yog leej twg, koj puas paub?

Marble pej thuam ntawm Terence
Marble pej thuam ntawm Terence

Nkauj hmoob zoo nkauj

Tus sau cov lus "Yuav ua li cas muaj coob tus neeg, ntau lub tswv yim" yog Publius Terentius Afr. Tus txiv neej no yog ib tug neeg ua yeeb yam Roman thaum ub thiab neeg tuaj dab qhuas ntawm Carthage. Tom qab ntawd, nws nyob hauv Rome nrog senator Terentius Lucan ua nws qhev. Ua tsaug rau nws lub siab, nws sawv tawm ntawm cov neeg coob coob ntawm tib cov qhev Terence Lucan pom ib tug tub hluas uas muaj txiaj ntsig thiab saib xyuas nws txoj kev kawm. Tom qab ntawd, Publius Terentius tau txais kev ywj pheej.

Zaj dab neegPublius Terence

Peb twb pom leej twg hais tias "Puas muaj neeg, muaj ntau lub tswv yim" - ib lo lus nrov niaj hnub no. Tam sim no cia peb kawm txog biography ntawm tus kws ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj no.

Canvas nrog duab ntawm Publius
Canvas nrog duab ntawm Publius

Terence, uas nws cov lus hais tias "Yuav muaj pes tsawg tus neeg, ntau qhov kev xav" tau txais txiaj ntsig, yug hauv 195 BC thiab tuag xyoo 159 BC. Nws biography tau nqis los rau peb ua tsaug rau cov keeb kwm ntawm lub neej ntawm Publius sau los ntawm Suetonius nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Lub npe menyuam yaus Afr qhia tias nws yog haiv neeg African lossis Libyan. Txawm hais tias Terentius yog ib tug qhev, nws tau tswj kom nkag mus rau sab saud ntawm cov zej zog ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Nws tau los ua phooj ywg nrog Scipio Jr. thiab nkag mus rau lub voj voog uas nws tsim, uas muaj lub hom phiaj ntawm kev hais lus thiab coj tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg Loos zoo dua. Cov nom tswv nrov, kws sau paj lug, cov kws sau ntawv tuaj koom lub rooj sib tham no, lawv tau koom ua ke los ntawm ib lub hom phiaj - ua kom cov lus Latin zoo nkauj dua. Terentius pom cov neeg saib xyuas nyob ntawd uas txhawb kom nws sau cov dab neeg.

comedy Terence Publius
comedy Terence Publius

Publius yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev kis kab mob-sib sau los ntawm ob qho kev ua yeeb yam los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv lossis ob peb tus kws sau ntawv. Nws siv tej hauj lwm ntawm Greek sau Apollonius ntawm Athens thiab Menander. Nyob rau hauv 166-160 BC, siv lub tswv yim ntawm lub Attic comedy, nws tsim rau lub plays: "Ntxhais los ntawm Andros", "Tus kheej-Tormentor", "Eunuch", "Cov kwv tij" - cov no yog hloov kho tej hauj lwm ntawm Menander; "Niam tais" thiab "Formion" - cov hauj lwm ntawm Apollonius ntawm Athens. Hauv tsimkev ua yeeb yam tshiab, tus sau "Yuav ua li cas muaj coob tus neeg, ntau lub tswv yim" tsis kam sib xyaw Roman thiab Greek cov yam ntxwv, nrog rau kev ntxhib los mos thiab hnyav heev, uas Plautus ua txhaum.

Txawm hais tias Terentius tau siv cov kab mob sib kis hauv nws cov yeeb yam, zaj dab neeg tau txhim kho tsis tu ncua, kev puas siab puas ntsws zoo-txhais cov cim sib piv nrog cov tsoos. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau hais tias Publius Terentius muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev ua yeeb yam Roman thaum ub-togata.

Tag nrho Terence cov ntawv sau tsis ploj hauv lub sijhawm, lawv tau khaws cia (uas yog qhov tsis tshua muaj), muab rau xyoo uas lawv tau sau. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tej hauj lwm tau qhia thiab txheeb xyuas thaum nws nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv.

Terence tuag rau xyoo 159 BC. Nws ntseeg tias nws tuag hauv lub nkoj tawg ntawm txoj kev mus rau tim Nkij teb chaws.

Comedy Terence

Terentsy - tus uas hais tias "peb neeg, muaj ntau qhov kev xav" - sau ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj. Nws tej hauj lwm txawv ntawm comedies ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd nyob rau hauv ib tug me me ntawm cov nkauj thiab seev cev. Cov lus tso dag thiab puns kuj tseem khaws cia kom tsawg. Publius tsis ua rau tib neeg qhov tsis zoo thiab cov xwm txheej tsis txaus ntseeg kom ua rau cov neeg tuaj saib luag, nws siv "lub ntsiab lus" luag, zoo li Menander. Terence tau pleev xim rau cov duab kos duab, cov cim ntawm cov cim. Tsis zoo li Plautus - kuj yog ib tug neeg ua yeeb yam - nws tsis tau yuam nws cov cim los dag ib leeg. Nws lub tswv yim yog tias nws cov cim tsis paub ib leeg tam sim ntawd, txhua yam tshwm sim tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua si.

Cov txiv ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm Publius cov yeeb yam yog qhov ntse dua thiab tsim nyog, thiab yog tias lawv nkag siab qee yam, ces txhua yam dhau losnyob rau hauv lub voj voog. Yog li ntawd nws yog nyob rau hauv nws cov yeeb yam "Niam tais", "Cov kwv tij", "Formion". Nyob rau hauv lub comedy "Eunuch" tus heroine Faida - ib tug ntxhais ntawm kev tsim txiaj yooj yim, nws ua rau ib tug poj niam zoo nkauj, zoo li Bacchida hauv kev ua yeeb yam "Niam tais".

Terentsy siv cov txheej txheem ntawm ob lub phiaj xwm hauv nws cov haujlwm. Ntawd yog, muaj kev sib tshuam ntawm ob txoj kev hlub, feem ntau yog cov txheeb ze, thaum qhov kev zoo siab ntawm txhua khub nyob ntawm lwm tus. Cov txheej txheem no yog siv los ntawm Terentius hauv txhua qhov kev ua si tshwj tsis yog "Niam-hauv-Law".

Publius Terentius hauv nws cov lus tshaj tawm rau kev ua yeeb yam tsis tau nthuav tawm cov phiaj xwm, zoo li Plautus tau ua, tab sis ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws tiv thaiv nws tus phab ej. Tus kws ua yeeb yam tsis siv Italian tsw, nws leaned ntau rau Greek dua Roman art. Ntawd yog, Terence sim tsis txhob sib txawv ntawm cov phiaj xwm thiab lub siab xav ntawm Greek thawj.

Comedy los ntawm Publius Terence
Comedy los ntawm Publius Terence

Nyob hauv kev ua si "Cov kwv tij", tus neeg ua yeeb yam qhia ob txoj hauv kev ntawm kev yug menyuam, nrog rau lawv lub neej yav tom ntej. Aeschines, tus tub ntawm Demea, Mikion tau saws thiab loj hlob hauv kev hlub, thiab tus tub thib ob - Ctesiphon - Demei tsa nws tus kheej, hauv qhov hnyav. Qhov kev ua si no qhia txog kev hlub taug txuj kev nyuaj ntawm Ctesiphon thiab Aeschines. Aeschines nyiag ib tug ntxhais qhev hauv kev hlub nrog nws tus tij laug Ctesiphon. Tus niam ntawm tus qhev thiab Demei xav tias Aeschines nws tus kheej nyiam nws, tab sis tom qab ntawd qhov kev nkag siab tsis zoo raug tshem tawm thiab Demei yeej txoj kev hlub thiab kev hlub ntawm nws ob tus tub.

Latin

In Latin, cov lus hais tias "Puas muaj pes tsawg tus neeg, ntau qhov kev xav" yuav yog "Quot capĭta,tot sensūs" transcription [Kvot kapita, that sensus]. Tam sim no koj paub tsis yog leej twg hais tias "Puas muaj pes tsawg tus neeg, ntau lub tswv yim", tab sis kuj yog nws cov lus Latin.

Comedy "Formion"

Formion is a freeloader pab ob tug kwv tij txheeb txheeb txoj kev hlub. Nws pab nws thawj tus kwv mus yuav tus ntxhais uas nws hlub heev. Leej txiv ntawm lwm tus kwv xav yuav nws tus ntxhais rau nws tus xeeb ntxwv, thiab thaum paub tias nws twb tau sib yuav lawm, nws txiav txim siab ua rau kev sib yuav chim siab. Phormion, tau txais nyiaj los ntawm leej txiv no los ntawm kev txawj ntse, txhiv tus ntxhais qhev uas lwm tus kwv tij hlub. Zaj dab neeg no muaj lub ntsiab lus nyuaj thiab tsis meej pem ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb.

Zoo kawg

playwright profile
playwright profile

Tam sim no koj paub biography thiab nthuav tseeb los ntawm biography ntawm ib tug uas hais tias "Yuav ua li cas muaj coob tus neeg, muaj ntau yam kev xav." Tus txiv neej no ci ntsa iab tiag tiag ua pov thawj tias ua tsaug rau nws lub siab, koj tuaj yeem nce mus rau saum lub ntiaj teb thiab tso koj lub cim rau keeb kwm.

Pom zoo: