Chekhov's plays thiab "kev ua yeeb yam tshiab"
Chekhov's plays thiab "kev ua yeeb yam tshiab"

Video: Chekhov's plays thiab "kev ua yeeb yam tshiab"

Video: Chekhov's plays thiab
Video: 6 Nqi Lus Qhia Kev Ua neej ( leej twg mloog lub neej yuav zoo tuaj) 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Lo lus "kev ua yeeb yam tshiab" suav nrog ntau qhov sib txawv, kev tsim kho tshiab rau kev ua yeeb yam. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Maeterlinck, Ibsen, Shaw tau tsim los ua qhov sib npaug rau "kev ua yeeb yam zoo", uas tau pom nyob rau theem ntawm Western European ua yeeb yam. Nrog rau cov tswv yim sib tw ua tau zoo, lawv nqa cov neeg tuaj saib uas tau los so, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem tso cov cim kos duab rau ntawm daim duab.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias teb sab, muaj ib daim duab sib txawv hauv nws ua tsaug rau qhov tshwm sim zoo li Ostrovsky theatre. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sij hawm tig ntawm lub xyoo pua, nws qhov kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj me ntsis ua rau nws tus kheej, muab txoj hauv kev rau "kev ua yeeb yam tshiab". Alexander Blok, Leonid Andreev thiab Maxim Gorky tau tsim nws cov piv txwv tshwj xeeb, txawm hais tias qhov kev hloov pauv hauv hom kev tsis sib haum xeeb, kev hloov kho ntawm zaj dab neeg twb tau pom nyob rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm lawv cov laus kawm, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov..

Chekhov's plays
Chekhov's plays

Los ntawm vaudeville mus rau txhua hnub xwm txheej

Cov kws tshawb fawb uas txheeb xyuas Chekhov qhov kev ua yeeb yam txawv ntau lub sijhawm hauv nws txoj haujlwm ua yeeb yam. Nws cov hauj lwm thaum ntxov (nrog rau kev zam ntawm "Ivanov") tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm vaudeville thiab tseem ceeb rau lawv tseem unsettlement artistic system. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Chekhov cov yeeb yam xws li "Tus Dais", "Lub tshoob" yog lub tswv yimmus txog nws tom qab, lyrically tu siab "Lub Seagull" thiab "Lub Cherry Orchard". Lawv lub hauv paus motives yog vulgarization ntawm ib tug neeg thiab kev sim los tiv thaiv tus txheej txheem no. Nrog ib qho sib txawv: hauv vaudeville, tus kws sau nkauj tau tsom mus rau cov neeg philistines - cov neeg uas nws lub neej tau koom ua ke nrog lub neej txhua hnub thiab yog li hloov mus rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub.

Tim kev sib cav

Tshaj tawm xyoo 1896, Chekhov qhov kev ua yeeb yam "Lub Seagull" yog tag nrho raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "kev ua yeeb yam tshiab", feem ntau vim yog hom tshiab ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Txij li thaum lub sij hawm ntawm Shakespeare, nws tau ua raws li qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshwm sim ntawm cov cim: Claudius thiab Hamlet, King Lear thiab nws cov ntxhais. Lawv weave intrigues, conspire tawm tsam ib leeg, nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, ua. Chekhov cov yeeb yam (tshwj xeeb yog Seagull) tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog kev tawm tsam ntawm ntau tiam neeg: tus laus, sawv cev los ntawm Arkadina, Trigorin, thiab tus yau, Konstantin Treplev thiab Nina Zarechnaya.

Tab sis puas yog tiag? Chekhov nws tus kheej teb cov lus nug no ncaj qha, hais txog Maxim Gorky's Petty Bourgeois: "Tsis txhob tawm tsam nws (tus neeg ua haujlwm Nil) rau Peter thiab Tatyana, cia nws nyob ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab lawv ntawm lawv tus kheej …"

nqe lus no siv tau rau "Lub Seagull": qhov tseeb, Trigorin lossis Arkadin puas cuam tshuam rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam? Puas muaj cov laj thawj ntawm lub hom phiaj, txiav txim siab los ntawm kev ua ntawm lwm cov cim, yog vim li cas Andrei Prozorov tso tseg kev tshawb fawb thiab tau siv rau lub xeev lub neej? Cov lus teb tsis zoo rau cov lus nug no ua pov thawj tias qhov tsis sib haum xeeb hauv "kev ua yeeb yam tshiab" tsis tshwm sim ntawm tus cwj pwm thiab lwm tus neeg ua yeeb yam.cov neeg. Lub ntsiab antagonist nyob rau hauv Chekhov lub plays yog Phab ntsa (cov duab yog coj los ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm Leonid Andreev), Ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv Grey, txoj hmoo nws tus kheej, unpredictable thiab capricious.

lub neej yav tom ntej hauv Chekhov plays
lub neej yav tom ntej hauv Chekhov plays

Lyric plot

Chekhov cov yeeb yam yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev tsim tshwj xeeb ntawm zaj dab neeg. Qhov hluav taws kub nyob ze Prozorov vaj tse, kev sib tw ntawm Tuzenbakh thiab Solyony, Treplev txoj kev tua tus kheej - tag nrho cov xwm txheej no tau tshaj tawm zoo li tau dhau mus, thiab qhov tseeb, lawv tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov xwm txheej.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav yog ib qho exaggeration hais tias nyob rau hauv playwright lub plays tsis muaj zajlus li ntawd. Nws mus rau hauv subtext, ua lyrical. Txhua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog, raws li nws tau muab zais los ntawm tus neeg saib thiab tsuas yog qee zaus ua rau nws tus kheej nrog cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg (nco ntsoov, piv txwv li, "Tarara bumbia …" los ntawm Chebutykin) lossis kev ua tsis tsim nyog. Lawv nthuav qhia cov txheej txheem kev xav tsis tu ncua ntawm txhua tus cim. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kwj ntawm kev nco qab no tau pom zoo thiab nthuav tawm hauv txoj kev sib cais, yog li tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb los tham txog hom tshiab ntawm kev ua yeeb yam - hluavtaws, uas pib epic thiab lyrical pib ua ke.

Chekhov's Seagull
Chekhov's Seagull

Space and time

"Cherry blossoms, lub vaj dawb dawb … Thiab cov poj niam hauv cov khaub ncaws dawb" - qhov no yog li cas Chekhov tau piav qhia nws lub tswv yim tshiab rau Stanislavsky. Qhov kev ua si "Lub Cherry Orchard" (qhov no yog dab tsi tus sau muaj nyob rau hauv lub siab) ua tim khawv rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm toj roob hauv pes raws li ib tug unit ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntawm Chekhov ua yeeb yam. Qhov xwm txheej yog sab ntsuj plig, nws tsis yog "ntxuav", "tsis yog lub ntsej muag soulless", tab sis muaj cov cwj pwm ntawm cov cim, nws dhau los uapsychological.

Raws li lub sijhawm, rau tus phab ej ntawm Peb viv ncaus thiab lwm yam haujlwm nws ua raws li kev puas tsuaj, rhuav tshem kev cia siab rau lub neej zoo dua. Lub neej yav tom ntej hauv Chekhov cov yeeb yam yeej ib txwm tsis meej; feem ntau tus kws sau ntawv mus rau qhov qhib kawg yog li tus yam ntxwv ntawm "kev ua yeeb yam tshiab".

Chekhov ua si Lub Cherry Orchard
Chekhov ua si Lub Cherry Orchard

Characters

Tus phab ej ntawm Chekhov cov yeeb yam feem ntau muaj peev xwm, cov neeg muaj txiaj ntsig. Ntxiv mus, lawv cov txuj ci tsis txwv rau kev ua haujlwm. Ntau qhov tsis tshua muaj neeg nruab nrab zoo li xibfwb Serebryakov lossis tus kws qhia ntawv Kulygin. Qhov no feature yog piav los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no saib ntawm Chekhov, uas ntseeg hais tias lub xub ntiag ntawm txuj ci yog ib qho tseem ceeb feature ntawm txhua tus neeg, lub crown ntawm lub ntug. Nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj, muaj ib tug presumption ntawm innocence. Tus kws sau ntawv yuav siv lub sijhawm sib txawv - qhov kev xav ntawm cov txuj ci, raws li peb txhua tus tuaj yeem qhia cov txuj ci zais hauv, yog tias lub sijhawm tsuas yog rau qhov no.

Analysis ntawm Chekhov lub plays
Analysis ntawm Chekhov lub plays

Meaning

Ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm Strindberg, Ibsen thiab Shaw, Chekhov cov yeeb yam tau pom lawv qhov chaw raug. Lawv kho ib hom kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshiab, uas muaj tus cwj pwm muaj nyob, cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias thiab ntiaj teb tom ntej.

Pom zoo: