Ntawm Ukrainian composers: daim ntawv teev npe, cov ntsiab lus luv luv ntawm cov haujlwm

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Peb feem coob nyiam suab paj nruag, ntau tus qhuas thiab nkag siab txog nws, thiab qee tus neeg muaj kev kawm suab paj nruag thiab tau paub muaj peev xwm ua suab paj nruag. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsawg tshaj plaws feem pua ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse tshaj plaws ntawm tib neeg muaj peev xwm sau cov suab nkauj uas haum rau cov hnub nyoog. Ib txhia ntawm cov neeg no yug nyob rau hauv Ukraine, nyob rau hauv nws picturesque ces kaum. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav tham txog Ukrainian composers ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, thiab tsis tsuas yog, leej twg qhuas Ukraine rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no.

Valentin Silvestrov (1937)

Tus nto moo Ukrainian composer yug hauv 1937 thiab tseem nyob hauv Kyiv. Cov txuj ci suab paj nruag yog nto moo thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Peb hnov nws cov suab paj nruag hauv duab:

• "Ob tug hauv ib";
• "Adjuster";
• "Chekhov's motives";
• "3 dab neeg".

Estonian npoj yaig Theodor Adorno suav tias nws yog qhov txaus nyiam tshaj plaws ntawmtag nrho cov composers ntawm lub ntiaj teb no niaj hnub. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm muaj requiems, paj huam rau orchestra, symphonies, thiab nws "Four Songs on the Verses of Mandelstam" yog paub thiab txaus siab rau thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no. Cov kws tshaj lij txiav txim siab cov suab paj nruag los ua qhov tshwj xeeb hauv nws txoj kev yooj yim.

Miroslav Skorik (1938)

77-xyoo-laus tus kws sau ntawv Ukrainian niaj hnub no tau ua lub neej nyuaj, tab sis tswj hwm lub zog ntawm lub siab thiab kev nkag siab ntawm kev zoo nkauj uas ua rau nws ua haujlwm.

Nws sau suab paj nruag rau zaj yeeb yaj kiab legendary "Ntxhais Ntxoog Tsis nco qab lawm", tsim lub suab paj nruag hu ua "In the Carpathians". Nws Carpathian Rhapsody rau Violin thiab Piano ua rau nws nto moo raws li ib qho zoo tshaj plaws Ukrainian composers ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no.

Miroslav niam txiv yog cov neeg txawj ntse thiab tau kawm hauv Vienna. Skoryk yog tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Solomiya Krushelnitskaya, uas nws txaus siab heev.

Nikolai Kolessa (1903-2006)

Ukrainian composer, uas yug hauv lub nroog Sambir, Lviv cheeb tsam, nyob rau ib puas thiab ob xyoos! Tus txiv neej no yog amazing nyob rau hauv nws versatility. Thaum nws tseem hluas, nws kawm tiav hauv Medical University hauv Krakow. Txog qhov no, nws txoj kev kawm tsis xaus, nws nkag mus rau cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm kev xav thiab kev kawm Slavic ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv Prague. Kolessa kuj tau kawm los ntawm cov lus dab neeg Italian Marietta de Gelli, uas yog lub ntiaj teb nto moo pianist.

Leej twg yog Nikolai Filaretovich thaum nws lub neej ntev. Nws ua haujlwm ntawm Lviv Philharmonic thiab Theatreua yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv nws authorship, ntau methodological phau ntawv tau luam tawm. Nikolai Kolessa kuj tau sau cov suab nkauj rau cov duab "Ivan Franko".

Sergei Prokofiev (1891-1953)

Nws yog tus kws sau ntawv Ukrainian tiag tiag. Cov classics, uas nws niam, ib tug txawj ntse pianist, tau coj tuaj, cuam tshuam cov filigree ntawm nws tej hauj lwm. Niam pib qhia Sergei ua si piano thaum muaj tsib xyoos. Nws sau nws thawj operas - "Tus Giant" thiab "Nyob rau hauv Deserted Islands" - thaum muaj cuaj xyoos.

Sergey Prokofiev yog ntiaj teb nto moo rau nws cov yeeb yam:

• "Ib Zaj Dab Neeg Ntawm Tus Neeg Tiag";
• "Hlub rau peb txiv kab ntxwv";
• Kev Tsov Rog thiab Kev Thaj Yeeb.

Nws kuj tau sau nkauj rau tus neeg ntaus pob "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Pob Zeb Paj", "Cinderella" thiab "Romeo thiab Juliet".

Nikolai Leontovich (1877-1921)

Muaj ob peb lub cuab yeej uas tus kws sau ntawv Ukrainian no tsis muaj: piano, violin, cua tshuab… Nws tuaj yeem raug hu ua "tus txiv neej-orchestra". Nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Chukovi, qhov chaw uas nws nyob nrog nws tsev neeg, nws tus kheej tsim ib tug symphony orchestra.

Ukrainian carol ua tsaug rau tus txiv neej no suab hauv ntau zaj yeeb yaj kiab txawv teb chaws. Qhov no yog lub npe nrov "Shchedryk", uas yog paub thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no li Carol Lub Tswb. Lub suab nkauj muaj ntau yam kev npaj thiab raug suav hais tias yog ib lub suab nkauj Christmas.

Reinhold Gliere (1874-1956)

Nws los ntawm tsev neeg ntawm Saxon kev kawm thiab ib tug pej xeem ntawm Kiev los ntawm phau ntawv hla tebchaws. Glier loj hlob hauv ib puag ncig suab paj nruag. Cov txiv neej hauv nws tsev neeg tau koom nrog kev tsim khoom siv suab paj nruag. ArtworksGliera suab thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Austria, Denmark, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Fabkis, Greece tau qhuas nws. Ib lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag hauv Kyiv dais lub npe ntawm tus kws sau nkauj no.

Nikolai Lysenko (1842-1912)

Lysenko tsis yog tsuas yog tus kws sau nkauj xwb, nws kuj tau ua haujlwm zoo rau cov suab paj nruag ethnography. Nyob rau hauv lub collections ntawm Nikolai muaj ntau ntau cov nkauj pej xeem, rituals, carols. Ntxiv nrog rau cov suab paj nruag, nws nyiam kev qhuab qhia, ntseeg tias tsis muaj leej twg tseem ceeb tshaj cov me nyuam.

Muaj ib lub sijhawm hauv nws lub neej ntawm kev qhia ntawm Kiev Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Noble Maidens. 1904 yog xyoo tseem ceeb rau nws - nws qhib nws lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Nkauj thiab Yeeb Yam.

Feem ntau, Lysenko qhuas nws "Children's Anthem". Tam sim no nws tau paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb li "Kev Thov Vajtswv rau Ukraine". Tsis tas li ntawd, Nikolay tau coj txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv pej xeem thiab koom nrog kev ua ub no.

Mikhail Verbitsky (1815-1870)

Verbitsky yog ib tug neeg ntseeg siab heev. Kev ntseeg nyob ib qho chaw tseem ceeb hauv nws lub neej. Nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm pawg hu nkauj hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, nws tsim cov suab paj nruag rau kev pe hawm. Nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim kuj suav nrog kev sib hlub. Verbitsky ntaus guitar zoo kawg nkaus thiab nyiam cov cuab yeej no. Nws tau tsim ntau daim rau cov hlua.

Nws kuj tau sau phau ntawv siv hlua hu ua "Hitara's Teachings".

Fame tuaj rau Verbitsky tom qab nws sau cov nkauj rau lub suab nkauj ntawm Ukraine. Cov nkauj rau lub suab nkauj tau tsim los ntawm Pavel Chubinsky. Hnub tim ntawm kev sau zaj nkauj "Ukraine tseem tsis tau tuag" tsis paub. Muaj lus qhia tias nws yog lub sijhawm xyoo 1862-1864.

Thaum thawj zaug, zaj nkauj yav tom ntej tau suab rau lub Peb Hlis 10, 1865 hauv lub nroog Przemysl. Nws yog thawj qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj hauv thaj av ntawm Western Ukrainians mob siab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm Taras Grigorovich Shevchenko. Verbitsky nws tus kheej ntawm kev hais kwv txhiaj yog nyob rau hauv lub hu nkauj, tus neeg xyuas pib ntawm Anatoly Vakhnyanin. Cov tub ntxhais hluas nyiam zaj nkauj no ntev heev thiab ntau tus suav tias yog pej xeem.

Artemy Vedel (1767-1808)

Artemy, ntxiv rau tus kws sau khoom plig, muaj lub suab zoo siab thiab hu nkauj hauv pawg hu nkauj. Nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Ukraine, nyob rau hauv 1790, nws tau los ua lub taub hau ntawm lub hu nkauj ntawm "cov tub rog cov me nyuam thiab cov neeg dawb."

Rau yim xyoo nws tau qhia suab nkauj ntawm Kharkov Collegium, ntxiv rau, nws tau coj cov nkauj hu nkauj hauv pawg ntseeg.

Nws tsim 29 zaj nkauj hu nkauj rau pawg ntseeg. Ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, nws feem ntau coj tenor solos nws tus kheej. Wedel tej hauj lwm tau cuam tshuam los ntawm pej xeem song.

Dmitry Bortnyansky (1751-1825)

Nws tau txais kev kawm zoo thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus. Me Dmitry muaj hmoo. Nws kawm tiav los ntawm legendary Glukhov tsev kawm ntawv. Dmitry muaj lub suab zoo heev. Nws muaj treble zoo heev. Nws lub suab yog amazingly meej thiab ntws zoo li ib tug kwj. Cov xib fwb hlub thiab txaus siab rau Bortyansky.

Xyoo 1758 nws raug xa nrog cov neeg hu nkauj mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Leej niam hla nws tus tub, muab ib pob khoom me me rau nws thiab hnia nws. Dima muaj 7 xyoos yeej tsis pom nws niam nws txiv ib zaug ntxiv.

Nws txuj ci pub nws mus kawm txawv teb chaws. Yuav kom nkag siab txog cov hauv paus ntawm kev txawj suab paj nruag, nws tau mus rau Venice, Naples, Rome.

Alas, feem ntauCov hauj lwm secular ntawm Bortnyansky tsis muaj sia nyob rau hnub no. Lawv tau khaws cia rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm St. Petersburg Singing Chapel, uas tsis kam muab lawv tso rau pej xeem. Cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg tau muab pov tseg, thiab cov haujlwm ntawm tus sau lus dab neeg tsuas ploj mus rau qhov tsis paub.