Mozart cov haujlwm: npe. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: creativity

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tus kws sau ntawv Austrian zoo W. A. Mozart yog ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Viennese classical tsev kawm ntawv. Nws qhov khoom plig tshwm sim nws tus kheej thaum yau. Mozart cov haujlwm qhia txog cov tswv yim ntawm Sturm und Drang zog thiab German Enlightenment. Kev paub txog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm ntau yam kev coj noj coj ua thiab cov tsev kawm hauv tebchaws tau ua tiav hauv suab paj nruag. Cov hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Mozart, cov npe ntawm cov loj loj, tau coj lawv qhov chaw hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag. Nws sau ntau tshaj nees nkaum operas, plaub caug-ib symphonies, concertos rau ntau yam twj paj nruag nrog orchestra, chamber-instrumental thiab piano compositions.

Qhia txog tus kws sau ntawv

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Austrian composer) yug rau 1756-27-01 nyob rau hauv lub nroog zoo nkauj ntawm Salzburg. Sib nrug los ntawm kev sau? nws yog ib tug zoo harpsichordist, bandmaster, organist thiab virtuoso violinist. Nws muaj lub pob ntseg meej rau suab paj nruag, lub cim xeeb zoo nkauj thiab kev ntshaw rau improvisation. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart yog ib tus kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws tsis yog nws lub sijhawm, tab sis kuj ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Nws qhov kev txawj ntse yog tshwm sim hauvua hauj lwm sau nyob rau hauv ntau hom thiab hom. Mozart tej hauj lwm tseem nrov niaj hnub no. Thiab qhov no qhia tau hais tias tus kws sau ntawv tau dhau qhov "kev sim ntawm lub sijhawm". Nws lub npe feem ntau hais nyob rau hauv tib kab nrog Haydn thiab Beethoven ua tus sawv cev ntawm Viennese classicism.

Biography thiab txoj kev muaj tswv yim. 1756-1780 lub neej

Mozart yug rau lub Ib Hlis 27, 1756. Nws pib sau thaum ntxov, txij thaum muaj hnub nyoog peb xyoos. Kuv txiv yog kuv thawj tus kws qhia suab paj nruag. Xyoo 1762, nws tawm mus nrog nws txiv thiab tus muam ntawm kev taug kev zoo nkauj mus rau ntau lub nroog hauv tebchaws Yelemes, England, Fabkis, Switzerland, thiab Netherlands. Lub sijhawm no, thawj cov haujlwm ntawm Mozart tau tsim. Lawv cov npe yog maj mam nthuav. Txij li thaum 1763 nws nyob hauv Paris. Tsim sonatas rau violin thiab harpsichord. Thaum lub sij hawm 1766-1769 nws nyob hauv Salzburg thiab Vienna. Nrog kev txaus siab, nws plunges mus rau hauv kev kawm ntawm cov compositions ntawm cov zoo masters. Ntawm lawv yog Handel, Durante, Carissimi, Stradella thiab ntau lwm tus. Xyoo 1770-1774. nyob hauv feem ntau hauv Ltalis. Nws ntsib tus kws sau nkauj Josef Myslivechek, uas nws lub hwj chim tuaj yeem taug qab hauv kev ua haujlwm ntxiv ntawm Wolfgang Amadeus. Xyoo 1775-1780 nws mus rau Munich, Paris thiab Mannheim. Muaj kev nyuaj nyiaj txiag. Poob nws niam. Ntau yam ntawm Mozart cov haujlwm tau sau rau lub sijhawm no. Cov npe ntawm lawv yog loj heev. Nov yog:

• concert for flute and harp;
• six clavier sonatas;
• ntau tus hu nkauj sab ntsuj plig;
• Symphony 31 hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm D loj, uas yog lub npe hu ua Parisian;
• kaum ob tus lej thiabntau zaj nkauj.

Biography thiab txoj kev muaj tswv yim. 1779-1791 lub neej

Xyoo 1779 nws tau ua haujlwm hauv Salzburg ua tus kws kho mob hauv tsev hais plaub. Nyob rau hauv 1781, nws opera Idomeneo premiered nyob rau hauv Munich nrog zoo kev vam meej. Nws yog qhov hloov tshiab ntawm txoj hmoo ntawm tus neeg muaj tswv yim. Tom qab ntawd nws nyob hauv Vienna. Xyoo 1783 nws tau sib yuav Constance Weber. Lub sijhawm no, Mozart cov haujlwm ua haujlwm tau tawm tsis zoo. Lawv daim ntawv teev npe tsis zoo heev. Cov no yog cov operas L'oca del Cairo thiab Lo sposo deluso, uas tseem tsis tau tiav. Nyob rau hauv 1786, nws zoo heev Marriage of Figaro tau sau, raws li ib tug libretto los ntawm Lorenzo da Ponte. Nws tau tshwm sim hauv Vienna thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. Ntau tus tau suav tias yog Mozart qhov zoo tshaj plaws opera. Xyoo 1787, ib qho kev ua yeeb yam zoo sib xws tau raug tso tawm, uas kuj tau tsim los ntawm kev koom tes nrog Lorenzo da Ponte. Nov yog Don Juan. Tom qab ntawd nws tau txais txoj haujlwm ntawm "Imperial thiab Royal Chamber Musician." Rau qhov nws tau them 800 florins. Nws sau ua las voos rau masquerades thiab comic opera. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1791, Mozart tau raug ntiav ua tus pab cuam ntawm St. Stephen's Cathedral. Nws tsis tau them nyiaj, tab sis muab lub sijhawm tom qab kev tuag ntawm Leopold Hoffmann (uas mob hnyav) los ua nws qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tshwm sim. Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1791, tus kws sau nkauj ci ntsa iab tuag. Muaj ob lub versions ntawm qhov ua rau nws tuag. Thawj yog qhov teeb meem ntawm rheumatic fever tom qab mob. Qhov thib ob version zoo ib yam li cov lus dab neeg, tab sis tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm ntau tus kws kho suab paj nruag. Nws yog Mozart lomTus kws sau ntawv Salieri.

Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Mozart. List of compositions

Opera yog ib yam tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Nws muaj lub tsev kawm ntawv ua yeeb yam, singspiel, opera seria thiab buffa, nrog rau cov yeeb yam loj. Los ntawm tus cwj mem compo:

• tsev kawm ntawv opera: "Lub Metamorphosis ntawm Hyacinth", tseem hu ua "Apollo thiab Hyacinth";
• opera-series: "Idomeneo" ("Eliyah thiab Idamant"), "Kev hlub tshua ntawm Titus", "Mithridates, King of Pontus";
• opera-buffa: "Ib tug xav txog gardener", "Deceived Bridegroom", "Kev sib yuav ntawm Figaro", "Lawv tag nrho cov zoo li no", "Cairo Goose", "Don Giovanni", "Pretending Simple Girl";
• singspiel: "Bastienne thiab Bastienne", "Zaida", "Tab Nrho los ntawm Seraglio";
• big opera: "The Magic Flute";
• ballet-pantomime "Trinkets";
• masses: 1768-1780, tsim hauv Salzburg, Munich thiab Vienna;
• requiem (1791);
• oratorio "Lub Liberated Vetulia";
• cantatas: "Penitent David", "Joy of the Stonemasons", "Rau Koj, Ntsuj Plig ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb", "Me Masonic Cantata".

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Ua haujlwm rau orchestra

W. A. Mozart ua haujlwm rau lub suab paj nruag amaze nrog lawv cov nplai. Nov yog:

• symphonies;
• concertos thiab rondo rau piano thiab orchestra thiab rau violin thiab orchestra;
• concerts rau ob lub violins thiab orchestra hauv tus yuam sij C loj, rau violin thiab viola thiab orchestra, rau flute thiab orchestra hauv tus yuam sij ntawm G loj, rau oboe thiab orchestra, rau clarinet thiab orchestra, rau bassoon, rau horn, rau flute thiab harp (C loj);
• concerts rau ob pianos thiab orchestra (E flat loj) thiab peb (F loj);
• divertimento thiab serenades rau symphony orchestra, hlua, cua tshuab.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.

Mozart tau tsim ntau rau kev ntaus suab paj nruag thiab pawg. Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb:

• Galimathias suab paj nruag (1766);
• Maurerische Trauermusik (1785);
• Ein musikalischer Spa (1787);
• marches (qee tus ntawm lawv tuaj koom lub serenades);
• dances (lub teb chaws seev cev, landlers, minuets);
• church sonatas, quartets, quintets, trios, duets, variations.

rau clavier (piano)

Mozart cov suab paj nruag sau rau qhov cuab yeej no nrov heev nrog cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag. Nov yog:

• sonatas: 1774 - C loj (K 279), F loj (K 280), G loj (K 283); 1775 - D loj (K 284); 1777 - C loj (K 309), D loj (K 311); 1778 - A minor (K 310), C loj (K 330), A loj (K 331), F loj (K 332), B tiaj tus loj (K 333); 1784 - C minor (K 457); 1788 - F major (K 533), C loj (K 545);
• kaum tsib lub voj voog ntawm kev hloov pauv (1766-1791);
• rondo (1786, 1787);
• fantasies (1782, 1785);
• sib txawvua si.

Symphony No. 40 by W. A. Mozart

Mozart's symphonies tau tsim los ntawm 1764 txog 1788. Peb qhov kawg yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm hom ntawv no. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Wolfgang sau ntau tshaj 50 symphonies. Tab sis raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov suab paj nruag hauv tsev, 41st symphony ("Jupiter") yog qhov kawg.

Mozart's symphonies zoo tshaj plaws (Nos. 39-41) yog cov kev tsim tshwj xeeb uas tawm tsam cov typification tsim thaum lub sijhawm. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj cov tswv yim tshiab kos duab.

Symphony No. 40 yog txoj haujlwm nrov tshaj plaws ntawm hom ntawv no. Thawj ntu pib nrog lub suab paj nruag zoo siab ntawm cov nkauj laus ncas ntawm cov qauv lus nug-lus teb. Qhov tseem ceeb yog reminiscent ntawm Cherubino's aria los ntawm opera Le nozze di Figaro. Sab sab yog lyrical thiab melancholic, contrasting nrog lub ntsiab. Txoj kev loj hlob pib nrog me me bassoon suab paj nruag. Muaj kev nyuaj siab thiab quaj ntsuag intonations. Kev ua yeeb yam pib. Qhov kev rov ua rau qhov hnyav nce ntxiv.

Nyob rau ntu thib ob, lub siab xav thiab kev xav tau yeej. Sonata daim ntawv kuj siv ntawm no. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog ua si los ntawm violas, ces nws yog khaws los ntawm violins. Lub ntsiab lus thib ob zoo li "flutter".

Third - calm, maj mam thiab melodious. Kev loj hlob rov qab los rau peb mus rau qhov kev xav zoo siab, kev ntxhov siab tshwm sim. Lub rerise yog dua ib tug kaj xav. Qhov thib peb txav yog minuet nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj, tab sis nyob rau hauv peb lub hlis twg lub sij hawm. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog ua siab loj thiab siab tawv. Nws yog ua los ntawm violins thiab flute. Hauv trio, pob tshab pastoral suab tshwm.

Lub nrawm nrawm txuas ntxiv kev txhim kho loj, mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws - qhov kawg. Kev ntxhov siab thiab kev zoo siab yog tshwm sim hauv txhua ntu ntawm ntu plaub. Thiab tsuas yog cov pas tuav kawg nkaus xwb.

B. A. Mozart yog ib tug kws tshaj lij harpsichordist, bandmaster, organist thiab virtuoso violinist. Nws muaj lub pob ntseg meej rau suab paj nruag, lub cim xeeb zoo nkauj thiab xav tau rau improvisation. Nws tej hauj lwm zoo heev tau coj lawv qhov chaw hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag.