"La Gioconda" ("Mona Lisa") los ntawm Leonardo da Vinci - tus tswv tsim ci ntsa iab

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tau ntau xyoo lawm, cov neeg sau keeb kwm, cov neeg thuam kev kos duab, cov neeg sau xov xwm thiab cov neeg txaus siab tsuas yog tau sib cav txog qhov tsis meej ntawm Mona Lisa. Dab tsi yog qhov zais ntawm nws luag? Leej twg tau raug ntes nyob rau hauv lub portrait ntawm Leonardo? Ntau tshaj 8 lab tus qhua tuaj rau Louvre txhua xyoo los qhuas nws qhov kev tsim.

Yog li cas tus poj niam hnav khaub ncaws hnav nrog me ntsis, tsis tshua pom kev luag nyav tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub podium ntawm cov lus dab neeg tsim ntawm lwm tus kws ua yeeb yam zoo?

Tsim nyog koob meej

Cia thawj tsis nco qab tias "Mona Lisa" los ntawm Leonardo da Vinci yog ib tus kws kos duab ci ntsa iab. Peb pom dab tsi nyob rau pem hauv ntej? Nrog lub ntsej muag luag ntxhi ntawm nws lub ntsej muag, tus poj niam nruab nrab, hnav khaub ncaws hnav khaub ncaws saib peb. Nws tsis zoo nkauj, tab sis muaj ib yam dab tsi txog nws uas catches lub qhov muag. Lub yeeb koob yog ib qho amazing tshaj plaws. Tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm yuav pab txhawb cov duab me me, thiab Gioconda yog daim npav lag luamlub npe nrov Florentine, paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb.

Qhov zoo ntawm daim duab yog qhov zoo siab, nws ua ke tag nrho cov kev ua tiav ntawm Renaissance ntawm qib siab tshaj plaws. Ntawm no cov toj roob hauv pes yog subtly ua ke nrog cov duab, saib yog qhia ntawm tus neeg saib, qhov zoo-paub "counterposto" pose, pyramidal muaj pes tsawg leeg… Cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej yog qhuas: txhua txheej nyias nyias tau superimposed ntawm lwm qhov tsuas yog tom qab lub yav dhau los tau qhuav. Siv cov txheej txheem "sfumato", Leonardo ua tiav cov duab yaj ntawm cov khoom, nrog txhuam nws nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm huab cua, sawv rov los ntawm kev ua si ntawm lub teeb thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo. Nov yog tus nqi tseem ceeb ntawm da Vinci's Mona Lisa.

Kev lees paub dav dav

Nws yog cov kws ua yeeb yam uas yog thawj tus qhuas ntawm La Gioconda los ntawm Leonardo da Vinci. Cov duab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th yog sau nrog cov cim ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm Mona Lisa. Noj, piv txwv li, tus poj Raphael: nws zoo li poob mob nrog ib daim duab los ntawm Leonardo, cov yam ntxwv ntawm Gioconda tuaj yeem ntes tau hauv cov duab ntawm Florentine, hauv "Tus Poj Niam nrog Unicorn", thiab, qhov xav tsis thoob, txawm tias. nyob rau hauv tus txiv neej portrait ntawm Baldasar Castiglione. Leonardo, tsis paub nws, tsim ib qho kev pab cuam rau nws cov thwjtim, uas nrhiav tau ntau yam tshiab hauv painting, coj lub portrait ntawm Mona Lisa ua lub hauv paus.

Giorgio Vasari, tus kws kos duab thiab keeb kwm kos duab, yog thawj tus txhais lub yeeb koob ntawm Mona Lisa rau hauv ib lo lus. Nyob rau hauv nws "Biography ntawm nto moo paintings …" nws hu ua portrait ntau divine tshaj tib neeg, ntxiv rau, nws muab xws li kev ntsuam xyuas, yeej tsis tau pom daim duab nyob. Tus kws sau ntawv tsuas yog nthuav tawm qhov kev xav dav dav, yog li,muab Gioconda lub koob npe nrov ntawm cov kws tshaj lij.

leej twg pos rau tus portrait?

Qhov tsuas yog qhov kev lees paub ntawm yuav ua li cas cov duab tau tsim yog cov lus ntawm Giorgio Vazavi, uas tau lees tias cov duab qhia txog tus poj niam ntawm Francesco Giocondo, Florentine magnate, 25-xyoo-laus Mona Lisa. Nws hais tias thaum da Vinci tab tom pleev xim rau cov duab, nyob ib puag ncig tus ntxhais lawv niaj hnub ntaus lyre thiab hu nkauj, thiab cov tsev hais plaub tuav lub siab zoo, vim qhov no ua rau Mona Lisa lub luag nyav yog maj mam thiab qab ntxiag.

Tab sis muaj ntau yam pov thawj tias Giorgio tsis yog. Ua ntej, tus poj ntsuam quaj ntsuag daim ntaub npog tus ntxhais lub taub hau, thiab Francesco Giocondo tau ua neej nyob ntev. Qhov thib ob, yog vim li cas Leonardo tsis muab portrait rau tus neeg siv khoom?

Nws paub tias tus kws kos duab tsis koom nrog kev kos duab txog thaum nws tuag, txawm tias nws tau muab nyiaj ntau rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Xyoo 1925, cov kws tshaj lij kos duab tau hais tias cov duab kos yog Giuliano de 'Medici tus poj ntsuam, tus poj ntsuam Constance d'Avalos. Tom qab ntawd, Carlo Pedretti tau tso tseg lwm qhov ua tau: nws tuaj yeem yog Pacifica Bandano, Pedretti lwm tus poj niam. Nws yog tus poj ntsuam ntawm ib tug nom tswv Spanish, tau kawm zoo, muaj lub siab zoo siab thiab ua kom txhua lub tuam txhab nrog nws nyob.

Leej twg yog Leonardo da Vinci tus tiag tiag Mona Lisa? Kev xav txawv. Tej zaum nws yog Mona Lisa Gherardini, lossis kab tias Isabella Gualando, Filiberta ntawm Savoy lossis Pacifica Brandano… Leej twg paub?

Txij ntawm huab tais mus rau huab tais, ntawm lub nceeg vaj mus rau lub nceeg vaj

Cov neeg sau loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th yog cov vajntxwv, nws yog lawv qhov xav taukom yeej dhau qhov kev ua haujlwm kom tawg tawm ntawm lub voj voog ze ntawm kev hwm ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam. Thawj qhov chaw uas pom cov duab ntawm Mona Lisa yog lub da dej ntawm Vaj Ntxwv Francis I. Tus huab tais muab daim duab tso rau ntawd tsis muaj kev saib tsis taus lossis tsis paub txog qhov zoo nkauj tsim nws tau txais, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, da dej hauv Fontainebleau yog qhov feem ntau. qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv Fabkis lub nceeg vaj. Nyob ntawd vajntxwv tau so, lom zem nrog nws cov ntxhais hluas, tau txais ambassadors.

Tom qab Fontainebleau, cov duab "Mona Lisa" los ntawm Leonardo da Vinci tau mus xyuas cov phab ntsa ntawm Louvre, Versailles, Tuileries, rau ob puas xyoo nws taug kev los ntawm palace mus rau palace. Gioconda tau dhau los ua qhov tsaus ntuj heev, vim muaj ntau yam, tsis muaj kev ua tiav tag nrho, nws pob muag thiab ob kab tom qab nws rov qab ploj mus. Yog tias nws tuaj yeem piav qhia hauv cov lus txhua yam uas Mona Lisa pom sab nraum cov phab ntsa ntawm Fabkis lub tsev, tom qab ntawd cov haujlwm ntawm Alexandre Dumas yuav zoo li qhuav thiab dhuav cov phau ntawv.

Tsis nco qab txog Mona Lisa?

Nyob rau xyoo pua 18th, koob hmoov tig tawm ntawm cov duab dab neeg. "Mona Lisa" los ntawm Leonardo da Vinci tsuas yog tsis haum rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev zoo nkauj ntawm classicism thiab frivolous shepherds ntawm rococo. Ua ntej nws tau raug xa mus rau cov thawj coj hauv chav, maj mam poob qis thiab qis dua hauv lub tsev hais plaub hierarchy kom txog thaum nws tau mus txog rau hauv ib qho ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj tshaj plaws ntawm Versailles, qhov twg tsuas yog ntxuav cov poj niam thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm me me tuaj yeem pom nws. Cov duab kos tsis suav nrog hauv kev sau cov duab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm huab tais Fab Kis, nthuav tawm rau pej xeem hauv 1750.

Fabkis ntxeev siab hloov qhov xwm txheej. Cov duab, nrog rau lwm tus, raug txeeb los ntawm huab tais lub sau rau thawj lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Louvre. Nws muab tawm tias, tsis zoo li cov vaj ntxwv, cov kws ua yeeb yam yeej tsis poob siab hauv kev tsim ntawm Leonardo. Fragonard, ib tug tswvcuab ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Rooj Sib Tham, muaj peev xwm soj ntsuam daim duab kom txaus thiab muab tso rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej. Tom qab ntawd, tsis yog cov vajntxwv thiab cov tsev hais plaub tuaj yeem qhuas cov duab, tab sis txhua tus hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.

Kev txhais lus sib txawv ntawm Mona Lisa luag ntxhi

Raws li koj paub, koj tuaj yeem luag nyav hauv ntau txoj kev: ntxias, sarcastic, tu siab, txaj muag lossis zoo siab. Tab sis tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus no haum. Ib tug ntawm cov "tshwj xeeb" thov hais tias tus neeg uas tau piav nyob rau hauv daim duab yog cev xeeb tub, tab sis luag nyav nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sim mus ntes lub zog ntawm lub fetus. Lwm tus hais tias nws luag ntxhi rau Leonardo, nws tus hlub.

Ib tus nto moo versions hais tias "La Gioconda" ("Mona Lisa") yog tus kheej-portrait ntawm Leonardo. Tsis ntev los no, nrog kev pab los ntawm lub computer, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm Gioconda thiab da Vinci tau muab piv nrog tus kheej-portrait ntawm tus kws kos duab, kos rau hauv mem hluav liab. Nws muab tawm tias lawv matched zoo kawg nkaus. Nws hloov tawm tias Mona Lisa yog poj niam hypostasis ntawm tus neeg ntse, thiab nws lub luag haujlwm yog lub luag nyav ntawm Leonardo nws tus kheej.

Vim li cas Mona Lisa luag nyav ploj mus dua?

Thaum peb saib cov duab ntawm Gioconda, zoo li peb tias nws luag ntxhi: nws ploj mus, tom qab ntawd rov tshwm sim. Vim li cas qhov no tshwm sim? Qhov tseeb yog tias muaj lub zeem muag hauv nruab nrab uas tsom mus rau cov ntsiab lus, thiab ib qho peripheral uas tsis meej. Yog li, nws tsim nyog tsom koj qhov ntsia ntawm daim di ncauj ntawm Mona Lisa - lub luag nyav ploj yog tias koj saib rau hauv lub qhov muaglos yog sim npog lub ntsej muag - nws luag ntxhi.

Hnub no, Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa nyob hauv Louvre. Kwv yees li ntawm $ 7 lab yuav tsum tau them rau qhov kev ruaj ntseg yuav luag zoo meej. Nws suav nrog cov iav tsis muaj phom, lub tswb nrov tshaj plaws thiab cov txheej txheem tsim tshwj xeeb uas tswj xyuas qhov tsim nyog microclimate sab hauv. Tam sim no daim duab raug pov hwm rau $ 3 nphom.