Tus kws sau ntawv Pavel Petrovich Bazhov: biography, creativity thiab phau ntawv

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Soviet cov neeg sau ntawv thuam Pavel Petrovich Bazhov yog ib tus neeg paub ntau yam. Nws tau koom nrog hauv kev sau ntawv kev tshawb fawb hauv kev sau ntawv thuam, txhawb nqa cov lus Lavxias nrog ntau phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm USSR, sau los ntawm nws tus kheej. Nws kuj tau koom nrog hauv kev tshaj xov xwm thiab kev ua nom ua tswv. Pavel Bazhov yog tus cwj pwm nthuav hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus, yog li nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau txhua tus kom paub txog nws phau ntawv keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm keeb kwm.

Nyob hauv neej

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov, uas nws biography tau muab faib ua ob peb ntu kom yooj yim nyeem ntawv, yug rau lub Ib Hlis 15 (27), 1879 hauv lub nroog me me ntawm Sysert (Urals). Nws txiv yog ib tug neeg ua haujlwm yooj yim ntawm cov nroj tsuag metallurgical, thiab nws niam tau koom nrog kev ua haujlwm. Pavel Petrovich tsev neeg feem ntau tsiv mus nyob, nws txiv ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib lub Hoobkas los yog nyob rau lwm yam. Nquag mus ncigLub nroog metallurgical ntawm Urals ua rau muaj kev xav zoo rau cov neeg sau ntawv yav tom ntej. Tej zaum nws yog qhov tseeb vim qhov kev nco thaum yau thiab kev xav tias tus kws sau ntawv tom qab pib sau cov dab neeg, hlub nws thiab sim qhia Ural cov dab neeg mus rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm Russia loj heev. Tom qab ntawd, Pavel Petrovich Bazhov nco qab lub sijhawm no thaum yau nrog kev hlub. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog xya, tus tub cov niam txiv xa nws mus rau lub zemstvo peb lub xyoos tsev kawm ntawv. Tus kws sau ntawv yav tom ntej nyiam kawm thiab kawm qee yam tshiab, yog li nws yooj yim kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm theem pib. Pavel Bazhov ua dab tsi ntxiv? Nws biography tsis xaus rau ntawd.

Kev Kawm

Tom qab kawm tiav ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv zemstvo, Pavel Bazhov tau hais tias nws xav mus kawm ntxiv, tab sis vim tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv gymnasium, tus kws sau ntawv yav tom ntej yuav tsum nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm kev cai dab qhuas. Thaum xub thawj, Pavel Bazhov tau kawm hauv Yekaterinburg Theological School, tab sis tom qab ntawd txiav txim siab mus txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm ntawm Perm Theological Seminary. Nyob rau hauv 1899, P. P. Bazhov kawm tiav los ntawm theological seminary, thiab nws tau txais nws mus kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav qhia lub koom txoos kev txiav txim. Tab sis Bazhov txoj kev npau suav tsis yog txoj haujlwm ua pov thawj, nws xav mus kawm ntawv qib siab. Vim tsis muaj nyiaj, Bazhov txiav txim siab mus khwv tau nyiaj ntxiv raws li ib tug kws qhia ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Tsawg tus neeg paub yuav ua li cas thiaj li mob siab rau ntawm lawv txoj kev npau suav li Bazhov. Biography ntawm tus kws sau ntawv no ua pov thawj tias nws yog ib tug neeg muaj zog thiab muaj lub hom phiaj. Tom qab ntawd, Bazhov raug caw mus ua haujlwm ntawm Yekaterinburg Theological School. Txoj kev npau suav ntawm tus kws sau ntawv nkag mus rau Tomsk State University yeej tsis paub vim qhov qissocial status.

kev ua si hauv zej zog

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov, uas nws biography qhia txhua yam ntawm tus sau lub neej, tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug zoo kawg nkaus sau ntawv critic thiab publicist, nws kuj nquag koom nyob rau hauv pej xeem lub neej ntawm lub teb chaws. Tus kws sau ntawv yog ib tus neeg koom nrog lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, uas tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1917. Nyob rau sab ntawm lub revolutionaries, Pavel Petrovich Bazhov nrhiav lub hom phiaj ntawm tshem tawm cov pej xeem ntawm kev tsis sib xws. Bazhov P. P. txaus siab rau txoj kev ywj pheej, nws biography lees paub qhov no.

Thaum Tsov Rog Hauv Tebchaws Russia, tus kws sau ntawv qhia txog kev xav koom nrog Red Army. Nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, nws tsis tsuas yog ua tus tuav ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj yog ib tug ntawm cov editors ntawm cov tub rog ntawv xov xwm Trench Truth. Hmoov tsis zoo, thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua rau Perm, tus kws sau ntawv raug ntes, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav tawm ntawm cov yeeb ncuab raug ntes. Ob peb lub hlis tom qab kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, nws tau txiav txim siab mus demobilize Bazhov. "Rau qhov kev suav", "Kev tsim ntawm kev txav mus los" - tag nrho cov no yog cov ntawv sau los ntawm Bazhov txog keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab kiv puag ncig thiab Tsov Rog Tsov Rog.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Puas yog Pavel Petrovich Bazhov hauv kev hlub? Biography qhia lub sijhawm no hauv lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Tom qab Pavel Petrovich Bazhov tau txais ib txoj hauj lwm ua ib tug xib fwb ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus nyob rau hauv ib tug kev cai dab qhuas tsev kawm ntawv, nws kuj ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv parallel ntawm lub Yekaterinburg Diocesan Tsev Kawm Ntawv rau Cov Ntxhais. Nws nyob ntawd nws tau ntsib nws thawj zaug thiab tsuas yog kev hlub rau lub neej. Tus kws sau ntawv raug coj mus los ntawm tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawm chav kawm kawg V. Ivanitskaya. Tom qab kawm tiav, nws txiav txim siab mus yuav.

Cov me nyuam

Tsis ntev tom qab nws txoj kev sib yuav, tus kws sau ntawv muaj ob tug ntxhais ntxim hlub. Ib me ntsis tom qab ntawd, ob tug me nyuam yug los, thiab nyob rau lub sij hawm nyuaj ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, tus kws sau ntawv thiab nws tus poj niam tsiv mus rau nws niam nws txiv, nyob rau hauv ib lub nroog me me hu ua Kamyshlov. Nyob ntawd, nws tus poj niam muab Bazhov tus menyuam thib plaub thiab zaum kawg - Alexei tus tub.

xyoo kawg ntawm lub neej

Bazhov siv nws hnub kawg li cas? Phau ntawv keeb kwm qhia tias xyoo 1949 tus kws sau ntawv ua kev zoo siab rau nws hnub yug xya caum xyoo. Nyob rau hnub solemn no, coob tus neeg tuaj sau. Tsis tsuas yog cov phooj ywg thiab cov txheeb ze ntawm tus sau ntawv, tab sis kuj ua tiav cov neeg txawv teb chaws uas txaus siab rau kev sau ntawv ntawm Pavel Petrovich Bazhov. Tus kws sau ntawv hnub tseem ceeb tau muaj nyob rau ntawm Sverdlovsk State Philharmonic. Bazhov xav tsis thoob thiab txav los ntawm kev hwm ntawm cov neeg rau nws txoj haujlwm. Nws zoo siab xyiv fab, lees txais kev zoo siab thiab khoom plig los ntawm txhua tus uas tuaj koom nrog rau hnub so solemn no. Tab sis hmoov tsis, xyoo tom ntej tus kws sau ntawv tuag. Bazhov tuag rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 3, 1950 hauv Moscow. Nyob rau hauv Sverdlovsk. Nws lub ntxa yog nyob rau saum toj ntawm lub roob, uas muaj ib tug zoo nkauj saib ntawm lub Ural xwm: hav zoov, dej ntws, roob - txhua yam uas tus sau tau hlub thiab txaus siab rau nws lub neej.

Bazhov as a folklorist

Tus kws sau ntawv pib nws txoj haujlwm ua tus sau cov lus dab neeg thaum tseem ua tus xibfwb ntawmYekaterinburg Tsev Kawm Ntawv Theological. Pavel Bazhov, uas nws biography yog nthuav rau tag nrho cov kiv cua ntawm qhov ncauj pej xeem kos duab, mus txhua txhua lub caij ntuj sov mus rau nws lub teb chaws, lub Urals, thiaj li yuav sau cov pej xeem tales thiab nkauj, piav txog cov rituals ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm Ural. Nws kuj nyiam yees duab cov neeg nyob hauv zos hauv lub teb chaws ritual costumes. Phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Pavel Bazhov rau cov me nyuam kuj tseem ceeb heev, vim hais tias lawv yuav tsum tau imbued nrog cov kab lig kev cai thiab legends ntawm lawv cov neeg, raws li zoo raws li cov pej xeem pej xeem ib zaug ua.

Tsis muaj leej twg yav dhau los tau xav txog kev kos duab pej xeem ntawm cov neeg Lavxias niaj hnub, yog li Bazhov tau ua tiav hauv Soviet lus dab neeg. Nws tau sau tseg thiab ua kom muaj ntau cov dab neeg, cov dab neeg me me txog lub neej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm uas muaj nyob hauv cov miners nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Cov neeg pej xeem nyiam nyob hauv lub neej ntawm tib neeg: masons, gunsmiths, ore miners.

Tom qab ntawd, Bazhov tau nyiam tsis yog hauv cov lus dab neeg ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Urals nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov dab neeg ntawm lwm qhov chaw ntawm Russia. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom overestimate lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus txiv neej zoo nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus dab neeg, vim hais tias nws sim to taub tus ntsuj plig ntawm ib tug yooj yim neeg ua hauj lwm, qhia lub imagery uas yog vividly sawv cev nyob rau hauv lus dab neeg, thiab coj pej xeem tales rau peb hnub.

Daim ntawv teev cov haujlwm tseem ceeb

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov tau nco qab los ntawm nws cov neeg txheeb ze tsis yog tsuas yog ib tus neeg hais lus thiab sau cov dab neeg, nws kuj yog tus kws sau ntawv zoo uas tuaj yeem ua txuj ci tseem ceeb nrog lub zog ntawm cov lus. Bazhov sau cov dab neeg zoo. Biography rau cov me nyuam uas nyiam fairy tales,tseem yuav nthuav. Cov hauv qab no yog cov npe ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los ntawm tus cwj mem ntawm tus kws sau ntawv zoo kawg no:

• "The Green Filly" (1939) - phau ntawv muaj tus cwj pwm autobiographical. Tus kws sau ntawv qhia rau tus nyeem txog nws cov hluas, kev xav thaum yau uas tus sau tau nqa mus rau nws lub neej tag nrho.
• "Lub detachment ntawm hnub" - phau ntawv yog ib hom ntawm chaw muag mis nyuj ntawm tus sau lub neej. Nws muaj Bazhov txoj kev xav txog cov xwm txheej tshwm sim hauv nws lub neej thiab cov ntawv xa mus rau nws los ntawm cov phooj ywg. Nws yog qhov zoo uas nws khaws ib phau ntawv teev npe ntawm Bazhov, uas nws biography tuaj yeem khaws tau los ntawm phau ntawv no.
• "Lub Urals yog" (1924) - ib phau ntawv uas tus kws sau ntawv tau sim ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo tib yam hauv Urals. Cov no yog Bazhov thawj cov ntawv sau ntawm cov dab neeg.
• "Tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kev mus" (1937) - nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no tus kws sau ntawv sim qhia qhov xwm ntawm lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig thiab Civil War nyob rau hauv Russia. Txoj hauj lwm no muaj kev tsis txaus ntseeg yav dhau los, vim nws yog vim nws tau txiav txim siab tshem Pavel Petrovich tawm ntawm tog.
• "Malachite Box" (1939) - phau ntawv nto moo tshaj plaws los ntawm Pavel Petrovich Bazhov, uas coj nws lub tebchaws lees paub. Ntawm no qhov kev zoo nkauj thiab heterogeneity ntawm Ural lus dab neeg thiab pej xeem kev ntseeg tau qhia tag nrho.

Bazhov, uas nws biography tau piav nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, sau ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm tales:

• "Vasina Gora";
• "Lub teeb nyob";
• "Golden dykes";
• "Earth Key";
• "Cat ears";
• "Malachite Box";

• "Txiv kab ntxwv";
• "Lub xub pwg dav";
• "Muab Tswv Ntuj";
• " pob zeb paj";
• "Golden Hair";
• "Hmoob tus nyab";
• "Silver Hoof".

Ib tug txiv neej zoo yog Pavel Bazhov, uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm luv luv yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg nyiam cov dab neeg.