Cov txhuam hniav tseem ceeb: txheej txheem cej luam, hom thiab cov khoom siv, piav qhia, tshuaj xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Nyob hauv kev ua yeeb yam zoo, cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb heev. Thiab qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog xim, nws kuj yog ntawv, xaum, erasers, nags, shading thiab, ntawm chav kawm, txhuam. Lawv txawv thiab muaj lawv tus kheej tshwj xeeb nyob ntawm cov khoom thiab cov duab. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv, muaj kolinsky txhuam, squirrel txhuam, bristle txhuam (ua los ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog los yog ntuj bristles), hluavtaws txhuam, pony txhuam. Kuj tshis plaub hau, badger, hma, marten, sable, hare, pob ntseg plaub hau, dais plaub hau, Egyptian mongoose los yog ferret plaub hau, tab sis lawv siv tsawg zaus.

Colonier Txhuam Txheej Txheem

Cov khoom siv txhuam nrov tshaj plaws yog cov plaub hau kolinsky. Kolonok yog tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm marten, mink thiab ferret. Tsis muaj ntau ntau kab nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej, thiab tsuas yog cov neeg nyob hauv Siberia, Kaus Lim Kauslim lossis Tuam Tshoj tsuas yog tsim cov txhuam hniav. Muaj kolinsky txhuam ntawm 4 lub ntsiab duab: puag ncig (thiab variations), tiaj tus, oval thiab kiv cua. Cov ntawv sib txawv yog tsim los rau cov txheej txheem sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem. Feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv khw muag khoom kolinsky txhuam yog puag ncig. Daim ntawv no haum rauua haujlwm nrog cov khoom sib txawv: opaque lossis pob tshab.

Txhuam txhuam yog nrov heev vim lawv muaj ntau yam. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog yuav luag txhua yam khoom siv - los ntawm cov xim dej mus rau roj. Cov plaub hau ntawm cov txhuam hniav no yoog raws thiab ua haujlwm zoo, nqus dej zoo, tab sis tawv txaus ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv npog.

Txoj kev ua haujlwm nrog txhuam los ntawm kab

Thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov xim dej pleev xim nrog kolinsky txhuam, koj yuav tsum xav txog tias lawv lub taub hau tsis sib sau ua ke zoo ntawm qhov taw tes, thiab nws yuav tsis ua hauj lwm los kos ib txoj kab nyias nrog txhuam ntau dua lossis tsawg dua. Koj yuav tau siv txhuam ntawm cov thicknesses sib txawv los sau cov pob loj thiab kos cov ntsiab lus. Muab piv rau squirrel, colony yog haum rau ntau "graphic" watercolor hom kev kawm, xws li shading thiab glazing.

Hauv kev pleev xim roj, cov kab feem ntau yog siv los kos cov ntsiab lus me me lossis tsim cov duab kos me me. Txhawm rau ua haujlwm nrog cov dav hlau loj, cov txhuam hniav ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tawv tawv, xws li bristles lossis hluavtaws, yog siv. Rau gouache thiab acrylic kab nws haum zoo heev. Nws tso cai rau koj los ua haujlwm hauv ntau cov tswv yim thiab muab cov kab sib txawv ntau dua li cov khoom siv hluavtaws.

Raws li kev tshuaj xyuas, qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv rau cov txhuam hniav no suav nrog qhov tseeb tias kolinsky txhuam hniav yog luv luv. Cov plaub hau hnav tawm thiab tawg sai sai, thiab cov txhuam hniav ua thinner thiab shaggy ntawm lub hauv paus. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txhuam hniav kolinsky yog me ntsis kim dua cov txhuam hniav ua los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv nrov.

Squirrel txhuam: sib piv

Cov khoom siv rau cov txhuam hniav yog cov plaub hau los ntawm tus Tsov tus tw. Tsuas muaj cov duab puag ncig. Lawv feem ntau yog siv rau cov xim dej lossis lwm yam dej-raws li xov xwm, xws li kua ntses, sepia lossis sanguine, number case lossis number case. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov txhuam hniav squirrel yog tias lawv zoo kawg nkaus khaws cov dej, thiab lawv cov plaub hau tsis sib cais thaum sib cuag nrog ntawv, yog li txawm tias muaj cov txhuam tuab heev koj tuaj yeem kos cov kab nyias thiab cov ntsiab lus me me. Tsis tas yuav siv cov txhuam hniav sib txawv los sau cov pob thiab kos cov ntsiab lus.

Piv rau kolinsky, cov plaub hau hauv cov txhuam hniav txhuam hniav yog nyias thiab hloov tau, thiab yuav tsis tawg lossis tawm thaum siv kom zoo. Cov txhuam hniav lawv tus kheej yog qhov muag heev los ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv opaque thiab tuaj yeem pib tev thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov kuab tshuaj lossis muaj kev sib txhuam ntau dhau.

Bristle txhuam kev sib piv

Txoj kev ntxeev siab ntawm squirrels. Cov duab yooj yim ntawm txhuam txhuam yog tiaj tus thiab hloov pauv ntawm cov duab no, xws li oval thiab kiv cua. Cov txhuam hniav txhuam tsis sib sau ua ke hauv ib pob, uas tso cai rau koj tuaj yeem khaws cov xim ntau dua thiab siv nws sib npaug. Tsis zoo li kolinsky, bristle txhuam muaj cov plaub hau tawv heev thiab muaj zog, tsis yoog raws, zoo li ntxhib. Cov txhuam hniav zoo li no tsuas yog tsim los ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv hnyav, feem ntau yog xim roj. Lawv tsis puas los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab yog haum rau priming canvases thiab nto. Cov txhuam hniav zoo li no yog tsim los ntawm npua bristles, Suav npua teb bristles los yog ib daim ntawv hluavtaws. Feem ntau muaj elongatedkov.

txhuam hniav txhuam

Cov txhuam hniav hluavtaws yog tsim los ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv opaque, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog gouache, tempera, roj thiab acrylic xim. Ua los ntawm nylon feem ntau, lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam duab thiab ntau thiab tsawg. Cov txhuam hniav hluavtaws tuav lawv cov duab zoo, tab sis tsis nqus dej zoo, yog li lawv tsis tshua siv nrog cov xim dej.

Cov txhuam hniav no zoo ib yam hauv cov khoom rau kolinsky, tab sis lawv tuav dej tsis zoo thiab nyuaj rau lawv tus kheej. Cov plaub hau ntawm cov hluavtaws txhuam yog hloov tau thiab ua haujlwm zoo, tsis txhob tawg, tsis raug kev puas tsuaj los ntawm tshav ntuj, thinner, pinene, dawb ntsuj plig, xim thiab lwm yam dej txaus ntshai rau lwm yam txhuam. Synthetics yog rhiab heev rau kub thiab kev sib txhuam, uas tuaj yeem fray ntawm lub ntsis. Synthetic txhuam feem ntau muaj tus nqi qis.

Yuav ua li cas txhuam txhuam

txhuam txhuam yuav tsum tau siv kom zoo li sai tau, thiab ua tib zoo yaug kom huv si.

Ntxhais txhuam hniav yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom zoo hauv dej ntws, xyuam xim rau qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum muab cov txhuam ntub dej kom tsim nyog thiab tawm mus kom qhuav.

Synthetics yog unpretentious heev hauv kev ntxuav, tab sis cov xim feem ntau nyuaj rau ntxuav ntawm cov hauv paus hniav. Yog hais tias tus txhuam hniav yog frayed ntawm qhov kawg, koj yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv dej npau npau li ob peb feeb.

txhuam txhuam txhuam yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj zog heev thaum ua haujlwm thiab nias rau ntawm lawv, vim cov plaub hau tawv tuaj yeem tawm ntawm lub hauv paus thiab poob tawm.

Txhuam qhov ntawdtiv nrog roj, hnav sai dua. Tom qab ua haujlwm nrog cov roj pleev xim, cov txhuam hniav yuav tsum tau yaug ua ntej hauv cov roj zaub, tom qab ntawd hauv cov kuab tshuaj, tom qab ntawd hauv dej soapy, thiab tom qab ntawd yaug nrog dej huv. Yog tias cov roj pleev xim tau qhuav ntawm cov txhuam hniav, ces cov txhuam hniav yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd rov ua cov txheej txheem uas tau piav qhia hauv kab lus dhau los.

Nrog kev saib xyuas kom raug thiab ceev faj cia, txhuam yuav ua haujlwm rau lawv tus tswv rau lub sijhawm ntev. Ua ntej koj pib ua haujlwm nrog cov xim, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo xaiv tus txhuam hniav, nws hom, qhov loj me thiab cov duab, raws li cov khoom xav tau.