2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Lub neej ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias teb sab no tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog txoj hmoo ntawm nws lub tebchaws. Los ntawm nws cov paj huam nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus saib yuav ua li cas lub noose ntawm lub totalitarian tsoom fwv tau nruj thiab txaus ntshai yog ntau thiab ntau pumped. Nws yog lub sijhawm txaus ntshai xyoo no uas tau tsim cov paj huam, qhov twg tag nrho Anna Akhmatova tau qhib - "Requiem". Kev tsom xam ntawm txoj haujlwm no yuav tsum pib nrog thaum nws tau sau. Los ntawm 1935 txog 1940. Nws siv rau xyoo tas los ua kom tiav zaj paj huam, thiab txhua xyoo, hli thiab hnub tau muaj kev tu siab thiab kev txom nyem.
Cov paj huam muaj ntau tshooj, thiab txhua tus muaj nws lub tswv yim. Kuj tseem muaj cov ntawv sau ua ntej Akhmatova's Requiem. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm ob peb kab no qhia tias yog vim li cas Anna tso tseg lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw los ntawm Russia. Cov lus "Kuv nyob nrog kuv cov neeg, qhov twg kuv cov neeg, hmoov tsis, nyob" nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev ntse sparingly qhia txog tag nrho cov xwm txheej ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd. Interestingly, lub epigraphtau sau nees nkaum ib xyoos tom qab zaj paj huam, xyoo 1961, tom qab kev tuag ntawm "txiv ntawm haiv neeg."
tshooj "Siv lub ntsiab lus" tseem muaj hnub tim 1957. Tus kws sau paj huam tau xav tias rau cov tiam tshiab, uas tsis pom qhov txaus ntshai ntawm "Yezhovshchina" thiab kev ntshai ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm Beria, zaj dab neeg yuav tsis nkag siab. Anna tus tub, Lev Gumilyov, raug ntes peb zaug hauv lub xyoo no. Tab sis Akhmatova tsis tham txog nws tus kheej kev tu siab. Lub "Requiem", qhov kev soj ntsuam ntawm uas yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav qhia qhov tob txheej ntawm poetics ntawm lub xyoo, qhia txog kev tu siab "rau ib puas lab tus tib neeg qw."
Akhmatova kos ib daim duab ntawm tag nrho Soviet Union nyob rau hauv lub zog, ntsuas kab, zoo li lub rumble ntawm ib tug tuag hauv caug: suav tsis tau niam, poj niam, cov viv ncaus thiab nkauj nyab, sawv hauv kab ntawm lub tsev loj cuj qhov rais kom muab lawv cov neeg hlub yooj yim. zaub mov thiab khaub ncaws sov.
Lub suab lus thiab ntsuas hloov thoob plaws lub voj voog tag nrho: tam sim no nws yog peb-ko taw anapaest, tam sim no ib tug vers libre, tam sim no ib tug plaub-ko taw trochee. Nws tsis yog xav tsis thoob, vim Akhmatova tsim "Requiem". Kev tsom xam ntawm zaj paj huam no tso cai rau peb kos ib qho ncaj nraim nrog cov suab paj nruag los ntawm Mozart, uas tau sau ib qho kev nco txog rau tus neeg siv khoom tsis paub dub.
Ib yam li "Requiem" ntawm tus kws sau nkauj zoo nkauj, paj huam muaj tus neeg siv khoom. Tshooj "Kev txiav txim siab" yog sau nyob rau hauv prose. Tus nyeem ntawv yuav kawm tias tus neeg siv khoom no yog "poj niam nrog daim di ncauj xiav," uas sawv hauv tib kab nrog Akhmatova ntawm lub qhov rais hauv Leningrad Crosses. "Kev mob siab rau" thiab "Kev Taw Qhia" ib zaug ntxiv hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm kev tsim txom uas tau tuav lub teb chaws: "Qhov twg yog qhov tsis txaus siab.hluas nkauj … rabid xyoo? Kaum tshooj tom ntej, uas muaj cov npe "Sentence", "To Death" thiab "Crucifixion", ib zaug ntxiv hais tias Akhmatova xav tsim "Requiem". Kev tsom xam ntawm lub ntees tuag echoes lub Passion ntawm Tswv Yexus thiab kev tsim txom ntawm ib leej niam - leej niam.
"Epilogue" uas xaus txoj haujlwm yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Nyob ntawd, tus kws sau paj huam ib zaug rov nco txog cov poj niam uas suav tsis txheeb uas tau mus dhau txhua lub voj voog ntawm ntuj txiag teb tsaus nrog nws, thiab muab cov lus pov thawj zoo li no: “Thiab yog tias muaj ib hnub hauv lub tebchaws no lawv npaj yuav tsa ib lub monument rau kuv … [cia lawv muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsev loj cuj Crosses], qhov twg kuv sawv rau peb puas teev thiab qhov twg lub bolt tsis qhib rau kuv. Kev tsom xam ntawm Akhmatova cov paj huam, uas nws tej hauj lwm tsis tau sau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv rau ib ntev lub sij hawm (vim hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm raug kaw rau lawv), tab sis tsuas yog kawm los ntawm lub plawv, uas tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv tag nrho tsuas yog thaum lub sij hawm perestroika, qhia peb hais tias mus txog rau thaum tus kws sau paj lug zaj lus tim khawv. ua tiav, thiab lub monument nws yuav tsis sawv ntawm "Hlav", tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm totalitarianism yuav dai hla lub teb chaws.
Pom zoo:
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm zaj paj huam "Kuv tawm mus ib leeg ntawm txoj kev": hom nta, ntsiab lus thiab lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov paj huam "Kuv tawm mus ib leeg ntawm txoj kev" qhia txog lub zog ntawm M.Yu. Lermontov. Cov hauj lwm yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws masterpiece ntawm lyric paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19
Hoffmann: ua haujlwm, ua tiav daim ntawv teev npe, kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov phau ntawv, cov ntawv luv luv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav hauv lub neej
Hoffmann cov haujlwm yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev nyiam romantic hauv German style. Nws feem ntau yog ib tug kws sau ntawv, tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj yog ib tug tshuab raj thiab artist. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov neeg niaj hnub tsis nkag siab txog nws tej hauj lwm, tab sis lwm tus neeg sau ntawv tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Hoffmann, piv txwv li, Dostoevsky, Balzac thiab lwm tus
"Tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Igor Svyatoslavich nrog cov Polovtsians": piav qhia ntawm kev ua haujlwm, keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, tshuaj xyuas
Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kos duab Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov yog qhov zoo. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm yog cov dab neeg thiab keeb kwm Lavxias. Nws versatility nyob rau hauv kev txawj ntse, ib hom ntawv nyeem txoj kev npaj thiab kev ua tau zoo cov txheej txheem pab rau cov creation ntawm xws masterpieces: "Alyonushka", "Peb Heroes", "Ivan Tsarevich ntawm Grey Hma", "Snow Maiden", thiab lwm yam. Kev tsim yuav tsum tau muab rau cov duab los ntawm V. Vasnetsov "Tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Igor Svyat
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab tshuaj xyuas: "Bezhin Meadow" los ntawm Turgenev
Cov kab lus no tau mob siab rau kev tshuaj xyuas luv luv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm zaj dab neeg "Bezhin Meadow". Daim ntawv muaj cov kev xav ntawm cov neeg nyeem txog zaj dab neeg
Phau ntawv los ntawm Alexander Nevzorov: kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, tshuaj xyuas
Alexander Nevzorov yog Soviet thiab Lavxias teb sab neeg sau xov xwm, tshaj tawm xov xwm, TV tshaj tawm thiab txawm tias yog tus thawj coj ntawm Xeev Duma ntawm Lavxias Federation. Ntau tus neeg nco txog nws rau 80-90s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, thaum nws tuav lub 600 Seconds program, uas qhia txog cov xwm txheej uas tshwm sim hauv St. Petersburg hnub dhau los. Niaj hnub no, Alexander Glebovich tau paub txog nws qhov kev tawm tsam nrog Lavxias Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj, cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg, YouTube channel hu ua "Lessons of Atheism" thiab kev hloov ntawm "Nevzor Wednesday" ntawm "Echo of Moscow"
