Anapest, dactyl, amphibrach yog Wb tham txog 'meter

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Ua ntej piav qhia cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb (lawv hais tias, amphibrach yog … thiab lwm yam), ib tus yuav tsum nkag siab tias qhov kev txheeb xyuas yog dab tsi. Feem ntau, nws yog to taub raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev npaj poetic hais lus rau hauv ib qho kev sib dhos tag nrho. Cov neeg sau ntawv thuam qhia cov metric thiab accent systems, thiab thawj, sawv cev los ntawm tej hauj lwm ancient, Lavxias teb sab pej xeem verses, yog ntau ancient. Kev txheeb xyuas cov suab lus tau muab faib ua ntu, tig mus rau hauv tonic, cov suab lus thiab cov suab lus-tonic.

Tus kws sau paj lug hais rau ib tug yog hais los ntawm nws cov lus peculiarities. Rau syllabic versification, tus naj npawb ntawm cov suab yog ib qho tseem ceeb, rau tonic versification - kev nyuaj siab. Vim li ntawd, kev txheeb xyuas cov suab lus muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv tebchaws uas siv cov lus uas muaj suab nrov. Cov no suav nrog Polish, Fabkis. Lavxias teb sab thiab Ukrainian cov ntaub ntawv kuj paub piv txwv ntawm syllabic versification, tab sis, rau pom tseeb yog vim li cas, nws tsis tau siv lub hauv paus ntawm no. Rau syllabic-tonic versification (xws li, nws yog feem ntau inherent nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab paj huam), tus naj npawb ntawmcov lus tsis txaus siab thiab tsis txaus siab; lub tswv yim ntawm lawv alternation yog hu ua poetic loj. Nws yog ob lub suab thiab peb lub suab. Thawj pab pawg suav nrog iambic thiab trochee, qhov thib ob - dactyl, amphibrach, anapest.

Yab

Raws li M. Gasparov ua tim khawv, txog ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov ntawv poetic ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th tus account rau qhov ntsuas no. Hauv iambic, ko taw (ua ke ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntxhov siab thiab tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab) muaj ob lub suab. Thawj tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab, qhov thib ob yog kev ntxhov siab (piv txwv li: "Ib zaug kuv sawv ntawm Neva … "). Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab classicism, lub iambic 6-ko taw yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj. Nws tau siv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv thiaj li hu ua siab hom - odes los yog lus. Tom qab ntawd, 6-ko taw, nrog rau cov dawb iambic amphibrachs thiab lwm qhov ntau thiab tsawg trisyllabic yuav hloov tag nrho.

Khorei

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, thawj lub suab lus ntawm ob lub suab lus yog kev ntxhov siab (piv txwv li, cov kab paub los ntawm cov menyuam yaus zaj paj huam "Kuv lub suab zoo siab"). Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov paj huam yav dhau los thiab ib puas xyoo ua ntej kawg, muaj 5-ko taw trochee.

Dactyl

Cia peb mus rau trisyllabic meters. Cov no suav nrog, raws li twb tau hais lawm, dactyl, amphibrach, anapaest. Thawj qhov kev ntsuas los ntawm daim ntawv teev npe no pib nrog lub suab lus nyuaj, thaum ob qho tib si tseem tsis tau cim. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib tug dactyl yog ib kab los ntawm Lermontov cov paj huam: "Huab saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, nyob mus ib txhis wanderers …"

Amphibrachium yog…

Lub suab lus nyuaj yuav tsis yog thaum pib, tab sis nyob nruab nrab ntawm peb lub suab lus. Zoo ib yam li suab paj nruaglub koom haum ntawm kab kom meej meej hais tias peb muaj ib tug amphibrach nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm peb. Nws yog nws uas sau lub npe nrov "Nws yuav nres ib tug nees galloping …", uas yog yuav luag lub official anthem ntawm tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab poj niam.

Anapest

Thaum kawg, kev ntxhov siab tuaj yeem poob rau lub xeem, peb lub suab, tom qab ntawd peb tab tom cuam tshuam nrog anapaest. Nws yog nthuav kom meej meej, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov kab: "Nws sounded hla ib tug ntshiab dej …" Anapaest, amphibrachs thiab dactyl tau nthuav tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv poetic ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua ua ntej kawg. Raws li M. Gasparov taw qhia, thaum xub thawj lawv yog 4-ko taw, tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv tau hloov pauv los ntawm qhov sib txawv nrog peb nres.

Yog tias koj xav tau qhia qhov poetic loj raws li txoj haujlwm, tsis txhob coj nws los txiav txim siab seb nws puas yog amphibrach lossis, kab tias, trochee. Los yog txawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Yuav pib nrog, peb qhia koj kom nyeem cov ntawv nrov nrov, tsis yog tshwj xeeb yog saib xyuas lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus sau, tab sis tsuas yog minting txhua kab lus. Nws zoo li koj tab tom tsoo ib feem. Tom qab ntawd, sau cov kab, xaiv cov kev poob siab, kos ib daim duab ntawm qhov kev txheeb xyuas qhov system - thiab cov haujlwm tiav.

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua yam yooj yim heev. Cov paj huam tuaj yeem muaj qhov nres tag nrho ntawm kev ntxhov siab (spondei) lossis tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab (pyrrhic) cov lus. Thaum xub thawj, cov ntsiab lus no tau siv rau cov paj huam thaum ub. Nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau lub syllabo-tonic system, lawv tsuas qhia qhov omission (los yog muaj) ntawm kev ntxhov siab nyob qhov twg nws yuav tsum tsis txhob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntawv nyeem tuaj yeem sau hauv dolnik. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias muaj lub koom haum sib dhos hauv nws, tab sis qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus sib txawv tsis tas li. ci ntimIb qho piv txwv yog Blok cov kab: "Tus ntxhais hu nkauj hauv pawg ntseeg hu nkauj …"

Nyob rau hauv cov paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, daim ntawv ntawm accent nqe kuj tau siv (twb tau hais los ntawm Blok, Mayakovsky). Nws txawv los ntawm tus lej sib npaug ntawm cov lus uas muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus tsis txaus siab. Ntawd yog, qhov tseeb, nqe lus hais yog lub cim ntawm tonic system ntawm kev txheeb xyuas hauv cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub no. Kuj tseem muaj ntau qhov txawv txav - kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ib qho kev ntxhov siab thiab peb lub suab tsis zoo (lub npe hu ua peon). Nws tau sau cov kab nto moo: Tsis txhob xav txog lub vib nas this …

Thaum kawg, zaj paj huam tuaj yeem dawb txhua. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nws tsis muaj lus sib dhos, tab sis lub koom haum sib dhos tseem muaj nyob. Yog li dawb anapaest lossis dawb iambic muaj nyob rau hauv xwm.