2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa phooj ywg sawv daws sib pab txhawb nqa thiab ua tsaug ntau2 rau ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws. Fairy tales, epics, sayings, dab neeg yog ib tug storehouse ntawm lub ntiaj teb no kev txawj ntse ntawm ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm nyuaj. Los ntawm cov lus dab neeg, tib neeg tau qhia lawv txoj kev xav rau yav tom ntej zoo, tham txog yav dhau los, ceeb toom txog kev ua yuam kev. Feem ntau cov phiaj xwm zoo tau pab txhawb cov menyuam yaus kev hlub rau lub teb chaws, kev coj ncaj ncees.
Dab tsi yog epic? Qhov no yog ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov ncauj pej xeem kos duab nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv epic. Nws yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev lig kev cai thiab qhia txog ib co zoo kawg li rov los ntawm keeb kwm. Lub npe los ntawm lo lus "qhov tseeb", uas yog, qhov tseeb nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Lavxias teb sab epics yog txawv los ntawm lawv cov tswv yim peculiar, poetics, melodiousness ntawm kev hais lus, raws li zoo raws li lawv ua. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, storytellers nrog epic los ntawm kev ua si harp, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv pib ua nws nyob rau hauv recitative. Lawv tsuas siv ob peb lub suab paj nruag xwb, tab sis hloov lub suab ntawm lub suab, intonation. Lub epic tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug emphatically solemn style: nws yog tsim nyog rau narrating lub heroic txheej xwm ntawm yav dhau los, feem ntau tragic sawv daws yuav.
Yog li, dab tsi yog epic,xa meej. Tam sim no cia peb tham txog cov txheej txheem siv hauv hom ntawv no. Thawj qhov uas koj tau saib xyuas thaum koj nyeem lossis mloog cov haujlwm no yog rov ua dua. Cov kws sau ntawv thaum ub rov hais dua cov lus (piv txwv li, ntev dhau los, nyob deb, deb), thiab kuj tau siv ntau lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw (tribute-duties, fight-rattling). Qee zaum qhov kawg ntawm ib kab dhau los ua qhov pib ntawm lwm qhov, tag nrho cov ntu tuaj yeem rov ua peb zaug. Cov txuj ci xws li kev sib txuas lus thiab kev sib txuas lus kuj tau siv dav. Tag nrho cov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev xav ntau dua thiab qhia meej cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov xwm txheej, txhawm rau txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov lus.
Dab tsi yog qhov epic hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Kievan Rus? Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv rau cov neeg tiv thaiv, kev qhuas ntawm cov phooj ywg zoo, lawv cov yeeb yam thiab kev tsis qia dub. Hyperbole feem ntau yog siv los piav txog tus cwj pwm lossis cov tsos ntawm cov cim. Tus cwj pwm ntawm tus neeg piav qhia rau lawv tuaj yeem nkag siab los ntawm cov epithets uas feem ntau tsis tu ncua: ntshav kub, hnyav taub hau, hlawv kua muag. Cov cim nyiam feem ntau hu ua cov npe me me thiab ntxim nyiam (Alyoshenka, Dobrynushka).
Dab tsi yog epic? Raws li txoj cai, qhov no yog ib qho haujlwm uas muaj peb ntu: kev hu nkauj-nrog (ib qho kev qhia uas tsis txuas nrog rau qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm cov ntsiab lus), qhov pib (qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev ua tiav) thiab qhov kawg. Tus neeg piav qhia tsis tig mus rau yav dhau los thiab tsis saib mus rau yav tom ntej, nws txoj kev saib yog kiag li riveted rau tus hero thiab nws exploits. Nws zoo nkaus li ua lub neej ntawm nws tus cwj pwm, ua raws nrog nws, txav ntawm ib qho xwm txheej mus rau lwm qhov.
Raws li zaj dab neeg, cov dab neeg epic tuaj yeem sib txawv. Hnub notxog ib puas daim phiaj yog paub, tsuas yog txawv versions ntawm tib txoj hauj lwm. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog: kev tawm tsam rau tus poj niam lossis nws txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, kev tawm tsam nrog cov dab phem lossis cov neeg tawm tsam txawv teb chaws. Ib qeb tshwj xeeb yog epics-parodies lossis satirical epics (Kev sib tw nrog Churila, Duke Stepanovich).
Saib rau hauv lub qhov dej ntawm pej xeem kev txawj ntse, uas yog ib txhiab, tej zaum ntau xyoo!
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