Alexandrinsky Theatre: keeb kwm, duab, tshuaj xyuas
Alexandrinsky Theatre: keeb kwm, duab, tshuaj xyuas

Video: Alexandrinsky Theatre: keeb kwm, duab, tshuaj xyuas

Video: Alexandrinsky Theatre: keeb kwm, duab, tshuaj xyuas
Video: Этажи Петербурга. Александринка 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Ib qho ntawm cov laus tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia, thawj lub xeev ua yeeb yam Alexandrinka ib txwm ua rau muaj kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pej xeem thiab saib xyuas cov neeg thuam. Nws muaj ib qho nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau nws: nws yuav tsum sib haum mus rau qib siab ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm imperial theatre, thiab nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tuav lub cim no rau ntau tshaj 250 xyoo.

Alexandrinsky theatre
Alexandrinsky theatre

Keeb Kwm

Kev kav ntawm tus ntxhais ntawm Peter lub Great, Elizabeth, tau cim los ntawm kev nce qib hauv kev coj noj coj ua hauv tebchaws Russia. Nyob rau hauv particular, nyob rau hauv nws, lub spectacle kev lag luam qhia tau hais tias kev loj hlob sai, ntau private theaters yog tsim, ncig saib troupes ntawm txawv teb chaws ntxias sib sau ua ke, playwrights sau thawj plays nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Kuj tseem muaj qhov xav tau los tsim lub xeev ua yeeb yam raws li qhov piv txwv ntawm lwm lub nroog European. Thiab nyob rau lub yim hli ntuj 30, 1756, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna tau tshaj tawm tsab cai tsim thawj imperial ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv Russia. Qhov no yog yuav ua li cas yav tom ntej Alexandrinka tau txais nws cov xwm txheej.

Thaum xub thawj, lub tsev ua yeeb yam hu ua Lavxias, nws ua haujlwm los nthuav tawm comedies thiab xwm txheej. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub troupe yog tsim los ntawm cov neeg los ntawm Yaroslavl: Fyodor Volkov, uas tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub troupe, thiab lam Dmitrievsky, Volkov thiab Popov. Alexander Petrovich Sumarokov, uas yog suav hais tias yog progenitor ntawm Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam, ua tus playwright thiab tus thawj coj ntawm lub ua yeeb yam. Lub repertoire yog raws li Fabkis plays los ntawm Racine, Beaumarchais, Voltaire, Moliere, raws li zoo raws li ua hauj lwm los ntawm Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv: Fonvizin, Sumarokov, Lukin, Knyaznin. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab ua yeeb yam.

alexandrinsky theatre chaw nyob
alexandrinsky theatre chaw nyob

Tswv tsev

Lub tsev ua yeeb yam tau nrov heev hauv St. Petersburg, tab sis nws tsis muaj nws qhov chaw, nws mus ncig ntawm qhov chaw sib txawv, nws xav tau lub tsev tshwj xeeb. Tab sis tsuas yog 76 xyoo tom qab nws tsim, Alexandrinsky Theatre tau tshwm sim, qhov chaw nyob uas paub rau txhua tus neeg ua yeeb yam niaj hnub no. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, ib lub tsev ntoo thawj zaug sawv, uas tau nyob los ntawm Italian pab pawg Casassi. Tab sis tom qab ntawd lub tsev ua yeeb yam tau tawg, qhov chaw tau yuav los ntawm lub txhab nyiaj, thiab tom qab nws raug puas tsuaj loj hauv hluav taws hauv xyoo 1811, kev tsov rog nrog Napoleon cuam tshuam los ntawm nws cov teeb meem.

Tab sis, txawm tias tsis muaj nyiaj txiag, xyoo 1810, Karl Rossi tau tsim ib txoj haujlwm los tsim kho lub square. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub 30s, nyob rau hauv Nicholas kuv, cov lus nug ntawm lub tsev ua yeeb yam tiag tshwm sim. Carl Rossi dhau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm cov txheej txheem no, nws coj tus kws kos duab Tkachev thiab Galberg rau nws pab neeg. Ntau cov nyiaj tau nqis peev hauv kev tsim kho, thiab kev ua haujlwm tau pib npau taws: 5,000 pawg tau tsav mus rau hauv av rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev, tab sis lawv txiav txim siab txuag nyiaj rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj. Hloov cov tooj liab thiab tooj liab, pleev xim thiab kos duab ntoo tau siv.

Lub tsev tau tsim tsa hauv 4 xyoo xwb, thiab thaum Lub Yim Hli 31, 1832, Alexandrinsky Theatre, chaw nyobuas - Ostrovsky Square, 6, pom ib lub tsev tsim los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse loj tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Karl Rossi saib xyuas tsis tsuas yog kev tsim kho, tab sis nyob rau hauv nws cov thawj coj, qhov project ntawm square thiab kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv ntawm lub tsev tau coj mus rau lub neej. Lub Alexandrinsky Theatre, uas nws daim duab tam sim no nyob rau hauv album ntawm txhua tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi uas tau mus xyuas St. Petersburg, yog ib lub monument rau tus kws kos duab zoo.

alexandrinsky theatre ntawm Saint Petersburg
alexandrinsky theatre ntawm Saint Petersburg

Architecture thiab Sab hauv

Lub Alexandrinsky Theatre tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Russia txoj kev loj hlob hauv nroog loj. Lub façade pem hauv ntej, ntsib Nevsky Prospekt, yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug sib sib zog nqus loggia ntawm 10 kab, nyob rau hauv lub qab nthab ntawm lub nto moo quadriga ntawm Apollo nyob. Nyob rau hauv lub frieze uas ciam teb rau lub tsev, muaj laurel garlands thiab ua yeeb yam qhov ncauj qhov ntswg. Sab facades yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog porticoes ntawm 8 kab. Lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Ottoman style yog lub pov haum tiag tiag ntawm St. Txoj kev sab uas coj mus rau kev ua yeeb yam, tam sim no coj lub npe Rossi, tau npaj los ntawm tus kws tsim vaj tsev raws li kev cai qub qub. Nws qhov dav yog sib npaug rau qhov siab ntawm cov tsev, thiab nws qhov ntev yog nce raws nraim 10 npaug. Txoj kev yog tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev hais txog lub splendor thiab grandeur ntawm lub architectural duab ntawm lub tsev.

Alexandrinsky theatre xyuas
Alexandrinsky theatre xyuas

Huab tais pom sab hauv tsuas yog liab, tab sis tsis muaj ntaub txaus, thiab nws qhov kev txiav txim tuaj yeem ncua sijhawm qhib. Tus kws tsim vaj tsev tau tswj hwm tus kav - yog li lub tsev ua yeeb yam tau txais nws tam sim no nto moo xiav upholstery. Lub tsev muaj txog 1770 tus neeg, muaj 107 lub thawv, khw muag khoom, chaw ua yeeb yam thiab lub sam thiaj, tsim kev tsim kho zoo.nws amazing acoustics.

Imperial period

Nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm tus poj niam ntawm Nicholas kuv, ua yeeb yam hu ua Alexandrinsky. Nws dhau los ua qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub neej theem hauv tebchaws Russia. Ntawm no cov Lavxias teb sab theatrical kev lig kev cai tau yug los, uas yuav tom qab ntawd los ua lub yeeb koob ntawm lub teb chaws. Tom qab qhib, Alexandrinsky Theatre tuav nws txoj cai repertoire ib txwm: feem ntau comedies thiab suab paj nruag plays tau staged ntawm no. Tab sis tom qab lub repertoire ua ntau hnyav, nws nyob ntawm no hais tias cov premieres ntawm Griboedov comedy "Woe los ntawm Wit", "Inspector General" los ntawm NV Gogol, "Thunderstorms" los ntawm Ostrovsky coj qhov chaw. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws tau ua haujlwm hauv kev ua yeeb yam thaum lub sijhawm no: Davydov, Savina, Komissarzhevskaya, Svobodin, Strepetova thiab ntau lwm tus.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, Alexandrinsky Theatre nyob rau tib theem nrog cov yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe hais txog lub zog ntawm nws pab pawg thiab kev tsim khoom.

pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tau cim los ntawm kev kub ntxhov uas tsis tuaj yeem hla Alexandrinsky Theatre. Xyoo 1908, V. Meyerhold tau coj cov pab pawg, uas tau siv zog los tsim ib qho tshiab repertoire, tab sis tib lub sij hawm ua tib zoo khaws cia cov kev cai uas twb muaj lawm. Nws tso rau qhov kev ua yeeb yam tshwj xeeb: Don Juan, Masquerade, Thunderstorm, uas dhau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev kawm ua yeeb yam tshiab.

ua yeeb yam ntawm Alexandrinsky theatre
ua yeeb yam ntawm Alexandrinsky theatre

Soviet times

Tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj xyoo 1917, kev ua yeeb yam raug liam tias tau qhuas txog lub hwj chim ntawm imperial, lub sijhawm nyuaj los txog. Nyob rau hauv 1920, nws tau renamed lub Petrograd Academic Drama Theatre, thiab nws pib mus ua hauj lwm rau theem tshiab dramaturgy: "Ntawm hauv qab" thiab "Petty Bourgeois" los ntawm M. Gorky, plays los ntawm Merezhkovsky,Oscar Wilde, Bernard Shaw, Alexei Tolstoy thiab txawm tias Lunacharsky (Cov Neeg Pab Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm).

Nyob rau hauv pab pawg, ua tsaug rau kev siv zog ntawm tus thawj coj Yuri Yuryev, lub galaxy ntawm qub masters tau khaws cia, koom nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tshiab: Yakov Malyutin, Leonid Vivien, Elena Karyakina. Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, kev ua yeeb yam tau khiav tawm mus rau Novosibirsk, qhov chaw uas cov neeg ua yeeb yam txuas ntxiv mus ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv 1944, lub troupe rov qab mus rau Leningrad.

Kev ua tsov rog tom qab thiab xyoo tom ntej tsis yooj yim rau kab lis kev cai, thiab rau Alexandrinka ib yam nkaus. Tab sis kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj tseem tshwm sim ntawm no, xws li "Lub Neej Hauv Bloom" raws li kev ua si los ntawm Dovzhenko, "Winners" raws li B. Chirskov.

Alexandrinsky theatre SPb
Alexandrinsky theatre SPb

Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm Soviet, cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws: V. Merkuriev, A. Freindlikh, V. Smirnov, N. Marton, N. Cherkasov, I. Gorbachev thiab cov thawj coj zoo: L. Vivienne, G. Kozintsev, N. Akimov, G. Tovstonogov. Kev ua yeeb yam tsis poob nws qhov tseem ceeb, txawm tias muaj teeb meem kev xav.

Rov qab mus rau qhov pib

Xyoo 1990, thawj lub npe rov qab los, thiab Alexandrinsky Theatre rov tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb. Lub xyoo ntawm perestroika tsis yooj yim rau nws, tab sis kev ua yeeb yam tswj tsis tau tsuas yog kom ciaj sia, tab sis kuj khaws cov pab pawg thiab tshwj xeeb collections ntawm scenery thiab props. Ua tsaug rau kev siv zog ntawm Academician DS Likhachev, Alexandrinsky Theatre tau dhau los ua cov khoom muaj nqis hauv tebchaws. St. Petersburg tsis tuaj yeem xav txog yam tsis muaj lub koom haum kab lis kev cai no. Nws yog lub cim ntawm Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam, nrog rau lub Bolshoi thiab lub Mariinsky.

Hnub no

Alexandrinsky Theatre, tshuaj xyuas ntawmuas yog yuav luag ib txwm sau nyob rau hauv zoo siab tones, sim ua kom lub hom txawm niaj hnub no. Txij li thaum 2003, tus thawj coj Valery Fokin tau ua tus thawj coj. Los ntawm nws txoj kev siv zog, kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam ntawm tib lub npe tau tuav hauv Alexandrinka. Nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Fokin, ib qho kev txhim kho loj heev ntawm kev ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim. Nws tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias lub tsev ua yeeb yam muaj theem ob, uas qhov kev sim ua yeeb yam tau ua tiav. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov thawj coj ua haujlwm ntawm no. Lub tsev ua yeeb yam pom nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev khaws cia cov kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsev kawm ua yeeb yam, txhawb kev hloov tshiab thiab pab cov txuj ci.

alexandrinsky theatre duab
alexandrinsky theatre duab

Nkauj ua yeeb yam productions

Alexandrinsky's repertoire yeej ib txwm muaj qhov ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws, tag nrho cov classics tau tshwm sim ntawm no: Chekhov, Gorky, Ostrovsky, Griboyedov. Niaj hnub no, kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Alexandrinsky Theatre yog ua raws li kev ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws: "Nora" los ntawm G. Ibsen, "The Living Corpse" los ntawm L. Tolstoy, "Kev Sib Yuav" los ntawm N. Gogol, "The Double" los ntawm F Dostoevsky. Txhua qhov kev ua yeeb yam dhau los ua qhov xwm txheej thoob ntiaj teb. V. Fokin yog rhiab heev rau repertoire txoj cai, nws hais tias yuav tsis muaj random productions ntawm no. Lub luag haujlwm ua yeeb yam yog los txhawb cov classics, thiab tom kawg yog qhov chaw ua yeeb yam hauv Alexandrinsky playbill.

Alexandrinsky Theatre Troupe

Lub Tsev Ua Yeeb Yam Alexandrinsky (St. Petersburg) paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Niaj hnub no lub troupe ntiav cov qub tub rog theem xws li N. Urgant, N. Marton, V. Smirnov, E. Ziganshina, nrog rau cov tub ntxhais hluas txawj ntse: S. Balakshin, D. Belov, A. Bolshakova, A. Frolov.

Pom zoo: