Aleksin Anatoly Georgievich, "Lub sijhawm no, qhov chaw ": cov ntsiab lus, cov cim tseem ceeb, teeb meem

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Lub Yim Hli 3, 1924, tus kws sau ntawv zoo tau yug los hauv Moscow, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam los ntawm cov neeg nyeem thaum yau thiab hluas. Txawm li cas los xij, ob qho tib si ua yeeb yam thiab kev sau xov xwm, uas AG Aleksin kuj tau koom nrog, tsis muaj qhov phem dua li nws cov lus hais. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tiam, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union thiab tam sim no, nyob rau hauv lub post-Soviet era, yog tseem xav xav nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv ntawm Anatoly Aleksin. Cov lus nug uas tau tsa hauv nws tej hauj lwm yog nyob mus ib txhis. Ntawm no zaj dab neeg yuav raug suav hais tias, ib qho ntawm ntau qhov zoo tib yam, - "Lub sijhawm no, qhov chaw …". Cov ntsiab lus tseem yuav muab. Nyob rau hauv lub sau nyob rau hauv thawj tsab, nyob ib sab ntawm zaj dab neeg no, muaj sib npaug txaus nyiam thiab nto moo "Kuv tus tij laug plays lub clarinet", "Cim thiab ua yeeb yam", "Liab me nyuam", "Ib zaj dab neeg txaus ntshai", "Hnub ua ntej nag hmo. thiab hnub tom qab tag kis" thiab lwm yam.

About the author

A. G. Aleksin yog ib tug pseudonym, nyob rau hauv lub neej nws yog Anatoly Georgievich Goberman. Nws tsis yog muab rau txhua tus kom hlub lub neej kom muaj kev hwm thiab txhua lub hnub nyoog. Anatoly Aleksin tau ntsib ntau yam, xav thiab xav txog nws thaum nws tseem yau, uas yog vim li cas cov qauv ntawm kev xav ntawm lub hnub nyoog tshwj xeeb yog ze thiab nkag siab rau nws. Nws txiv, Georgy Platonovich, uas ua rau lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig thiab tawm tsam nyob rau hauv Civil Journalist, raug iab liam nyob rau hauv 1937, tab sis tus kws sau ntawv niam tswj kom nyob twj ywm tsis tsuas ntse, ua siab loj thiab ncaj ncees, tab sis kuj zoo heev.

Yuav luag tag nrho ntawm Aleksin's lyrical heroines tau nruab nrog qee cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus cwj pwm, cwj pwm, cov lus uas muaj nyob hauv nws niam, Maria Mikhailovna. Qhov no kuj tuaj yeem pom hauv zaj dab neeg Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm no, qhov chaw … Thiab qhov ntawd, tau kawg, yog kev ua siab zoo. Raws li ib tug tub kawm ntawv, Anatoly Aleksin twb luam tawm ntau heev (Pioneer magazine, Pionerskaya Pravda ntawv xov xwm, Chij phau ntawv sau). Tom qab ntawd tsov rog tuaj, thiab tus kws sau ntawv yuav tsum loj hlob sai.

Creativity

Kev khiav tawm ntawm lub nroog mus rau Urals, thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum rau Aleksin thawj zaug los ua tus neeg ua haujlwm sau ntawv ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm niaj hnub "Fortress of Defense", thiab tom qab lub sijhawm luv luv - tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm lub cev ntawm txhuas loj. nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho. Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntawv xov xwm loj, nrog rau nws cov kev lag luam vwm txhua hnub, tus kws sau ntawv kuj tau ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej yav tom ntej. "Nco lub ntsej muag", "Ivashov", "Nyob rau hauv lub rear raws li nyob rau hauvnyob rau pem hauv ntej" thiab ntau lwm yam dab neeg thiab dab neeg dab neeg muaj ib tug nplua nuj ntawm autobiographical ntaub ntawv. Xyoo 1947, tus kws sau ntawv twb tau koom nyob rau hauv Thawj All-Union sablaj ntawm Young Writers.

Nyob rau xyoo 1951, nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub koom haum nto moo ntawm Oriental Studies hauv Moscow thiab luam tawm thawj phau ntawv loj. Konstantin Paustovsky, uas txaus siab rau lub peev xwm thiab lub siab zoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais sau ntawv Aleksin, tau los ua nws thawj tus editor. Zaj dab neeg ntev no hu ua "Peb caug-ib hnub los yog phau ntawv teev npe ntawm tus pioneer Sasha Vasilkov." Nrog lub teeb txhais tes ntawm Paustovsky, phau ntawv tau nrov, thiab nws tus sau tau los ua ib tug ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv uas nyiam tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas. Txog xyoo 1966, Aleksin tau sau ntawv rau menyuam yaus, thiab ua tau zoo heev. Leej twg tsis tau mus rau nplooj ntawv ntawm "Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm mus ib txhis so"? Nws cov dab neeg "Sasha thiab Shura", "Kolya sau rau Olya", "Lub Extraordinary Adventures ntawm Seva Kotlov" tau nyeem nyob rau hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv cia rau qhov. Tab sis txawm tias thaum ntawd tus kws sau ntawv tau xav txog cov teeb meem ntawm kev qhia cov hluas. Thiab tsis ntev cov kev xav no tau embodied nyob rau hauv cov kab ntawm zaj dab neeg "Nyob rau hauv lub meantime, qhov chaw …". Cov ntsiab lus twb qhia tau hais tias cov teeb meem uas tus kws sau ntawv tau tsa los ua qhov dav thiab loj npaum li cas.

New stage

Nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub 60s thiab 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, plays, novels, dab neeg tau luam tawm uas ua rau Aleksin nto moo ntawm cov neeg laus nyeem. Ntawm no, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov dab neeg tau ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab: "Ib Zaj Dab Neeg Txaus Ntshai", "Hu thiab Los", "Qhov thib peb hauv Kab Tsib", "Kuv Tij Laug Ua Si Clarinet", "Mad. Evdokia" thiab, ntawm chav kawm, "Nyob rau hauv lub meantime, qhov chaw … nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej kab, tab sis ib tug loj loj lub teb chaws feat nyob rau hauv lub loj ua tsov ua rog "Lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm" thiab "Kev faib cov cuab yeej" zoo qhia lub siab zoo ntawm ib tug Soviet neeg nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau zoo tib yam kev ua neej nyob.

Lub yim caum tau coj cov neeg nyeem cov dab neeg tshiab los ntawm Anatoly Aleksin: "Tsev Pawg Sab Laj", "Chaw Muag Khoom ntawm tus nraug vauv", "Signalers thiab buglers", "Nyob zoo thiab muaj mob", "Thov zam txim rau kuv, niam", "Kho khoom ua si" thiab ntau lwm tus, invariably enthusiastically thiab muaj kev hlub zoo los ntawm cov neeg nyeem. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, raws li cov dab neeg tshiab los ntawm Fadeev, Aleksin tau sau cov yeeb yaj kiab "Young Guard", ob peb zaj yeeb yaj kiab thiab ntau lwm yam haujlwm hauv kev ua yeeb yam, piv txwv li: "Cia peb mus rau xinesmas", "Cov tub ntxhais kawm qib kaum", "Rov qab chaw nyob".

"Dab tsi" thiab "Yuav ua li cas"

Tus sau nws tus kheej tau piav qhia ntau zaus hauv nws qhov kev xam phaj kom nkag siab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntawv nyeem rau cov hluas thiab cov ntawv nyeem rau menyuam yaus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau cov me nyuam - Yuav ua li cas nws yog sau, lawv nyiam vividly hnov lub imagery, kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov lus, lub clarity ntawm style, nws yog ces hais tias lawv perceive dab tsi tus sau xav hais nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm. Thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas txaus siab rau cov ntawv nyeem meej rau cov teeb meem uas tseem tsis tau muaj hnub nyoog laus, tab sis tsis yog menyuam yaus thiab. Tag nrho cov hauj lwm ntawm Aleksin yog ntse thiab muaj feem xyuam.(qhov tseeb nyob mus ib txhis!) teeb meem, lus nug ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees. Tus tswv ntawm lo lus Aleksin tau muab ntau yam zoo heev rau peb, uas nws yooj yim dua los nrhiav txoj hauv kev hauv lub neej. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum maj nrawm nrog qhov zoo, yog li ntawd nws tsis nyob twj ywm yam tsis muaj tus neeg sawv cev. Cov menyuam yaus quaj tsis tsuas yog lawv lub hauv caug tawg, tab sis kuj thaum nws mob lwm tus. Tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev zoo los txhawb kev nkag siab.

Ntawm no thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm lwm cov kab lus nws tus kheej yog condensed heev, tus kws sau ntawv muaj peev xwm muab cov ntaub ntawv siab tshaj plaws nrog kev pab los ntawm artistry mus rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov ntawv. Nrog rau tag nrho cov no, Aleksin tsis muaj ounce ntawm qhuav didacticism. Ntawm no yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev nro nrog lub suab paj nruag lyricism thiab kev lom zem, thiab cov ntsiab lus tau tsim raws li cov ntsiab lus qub centuries ntawm yob hu ntawm motives los yog variation ntawm lub ntsiab. Tsis muaj kev xav ntawm kev rov ua dua, txawm hais tias tib txoj kev tsim kho feem ntau siv, tib qhov teeb meem tau tsa. "Lub sijhawm no, qhov chaw …" - ib zaj dab neeg uas ua tau raws li cov cim no. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntim, nws kuj yog me me, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv - loj, lub siab ncaj ncees siab ntawm txoj hauj lwm no yuav tsis cia leej twg indifferent.

Now

Tus kws sau ntawv Anatoly Aleksin paub tsis yog nyob rau hauv Russia thiab lub teb chaws ntawm yav dhau los USSR. Nws cov dab neeg thiab kev ua yeeb yam tau raug muab txhais ua ntau hom lus, suav nrog Bengali, Persian thiab Hindi. Aleksin txaus siab luam tawm hauv tebchaws Askiv, Ltalis, Fabkis, Spain, thiab nyiam heev hauv Nyij Pooj. Hauv txhua qhov haujlwm ntawm Anatoly Aleksin, nws lub siab zoo. Nws tsis yog qhov tsis muaj nuj nqis uas tus kws sau ntawv yog tus yeej ntawm khoom plig tsis yog xwbSoviet, tab sis kuj thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog lub npe ntawm Hans Christian Andersen. Ntau tus neeg nco txog qhov kev pab cuam TV uas Aleksin yog tus tswv tsev - "Faces of Friends". Nws kuj tau ua hauj lwm ntau heev nyob rau hauv lub Union of Writers, nyob rau hauv lub editorial board ntawm lub magazine "Cov Hluas", nyob rau hauv lub Committee for the Protection of Peace. Txij li thaum xyoo 1982, Aleksin tau ua tus kws tshawb fawb-xib fwb, tus tswv cuab ntawm APS ntawm USSR.

Thiab xyoo 1993 nws tawm hauv lub tebchaws, nyob hauv Ixayees, sau cov ntawv "cov neeg laus" kiag li. Ob qho khoom siv nws tus kheej thiab cov thematic tivthaiv tau hloov ntau heev. Nyob rau hauv 1994, lub "Saga ntawm lub Pevzners" tau tawm - hais txog kev ntshai, kev tawm tsam, kev tawm tsam, fascism, uas ua rau tib neeg muaj kev nyuaj siab, qhov no yog qhov piv txwv ntawm ib tsev neeg. Peb xyoos tom qab, Aleksin's novel "Mortal Sin" thiab cov memoirs "Flipping through the Years" tau luam tawm. Nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv no, qhov kev cia siab uas tsis muaj kev cia siab ntawm tus sau, kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm noob neej, kev ntseeg siab rau yav tom ntej, uas Anatoly Aleksin ib txwm ua tiav nws txoj haujlwm, zoo li tau qhuav.

Nyob ib qho chaw…

Thawj thawj zaug cov neeg nyeem pom zaj dab neeg no hauv phau ntawv xov xwm Kaum Ob Hlis "Youth" xyoo 1966. Tom qab ntawd, qhov haujlwm no los ntawm Anatoly Aleksin tau rov luam tawm dua ua ib feem ntawm ntau yam kev sau thiab kev sau ntawv. Cov no yog cov ntawv luam tawm xyoo 1975, 1977, 1982, 1990, 2000 (tsuas yog cov tshaj tawm hauv nroog loj, tag nrho muaj ntau ntau cov ntawv luam tawm).

Txoj hauj lwm no rau cov hluas thiab cov neeg laus qhia lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov hluas, qhov twg cov cim tseem ceeb qhia tau hais tias ua siab loj thaum ntsib teeb meem, lawv muaj siab dawb siab zoo,uncompromising, npaj sib ntaus. Ua yeeb yam, intertwined nrog zoo thiab lyrical lom zem heev - ib tug txawv feature ntawm "Nyob rau hauv lub meantime, qhov chaw …". Ib hom ntawv ntawm zaj dab neeg pab qhia txog cov neeg laus thiab feem ntau ua rau lub neej, daws cov teeb meem nyuaj xws li kev xaiv raug, nkag siab koj tus kheej thiab tib neeg, muaj zog, paub tab thiab feem ntau yog tus neeg zoo hauv ntiaj teb.

Cov cim tseem ceeb

Sergei Emelyanov tsis yog ib leeg hauv zaj dab neeg no. Ob tus txiv thiab tus tub muaj lub npe no thiab lub xeem, thiab yog li ntawd lub tsev zoo sib xws ntawm cov phiaj xwm tau tsim nyob ib puag ncig qhov kev sib txuam no. Tsev neeg nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus yog piv txwv. Sergei Yemelyanov Sr. yog ib tug qauv tsim nyog thiab ib leej txiv yuav tsum txaus siab rau. Ua ke nrog nws tus poj niam, leej niam ntawm Sergei Yemelyanov Jr., nws nquag mus ua kis las, kawm lus Askiv ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab txhawb txoj kev noj qab haus huv.

Thiab tas li, lawv tsim cov chaw tsim khoom ua ke, uas yog, lawv ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau lub tebchaws. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tsev neeg Yemelyanov yog cov neeg zoo nkauj heev thiab ua tsis ncaj ncees. Nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv lub lag luam ntev mus ncig ua si, lawv sau ntawv rau lawv tus tub - tshwj xeeb, raug, raug formatted, nrog rau hnub tim thiab lub sij hawm ntawm kev sau ntawv. Tus tub, tawm hauv tsev mus kawm ntawv, txhua tag kis sawv ntxov coj lwm cov lus los ntawm lub mailbox. Tab sis ib zaug muaj ob lo lus.

Lab ntawv

Zaj dab neeg ntawm zaj dab neeg yog tsab ntawv los ntawm ib tug poj niam tsis paub hais txog Sergei Emelyanov, uas tus yau Sergei qhib tsis muaj kev cia siab thiab nyeem, uas mus ib txhis tig.nplooj ntawv ntawm nws lub neej qub. Carefree thaum yau lawm. Hloov maj mam hloov ntawm sab ntsuj plig uas tshwm sim nrog tus phab ej yog qhov nyuaj rau kev nkag siab rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas. Zaj dab neeg no qhia meej meej rau cov laus. Txawm tias tus kws sau ntawv lub siab mos siab muag dhau ntawm tsev neeg tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb twb tau hais rau cov hluas es tsis yog cov hluas nrog nws cov maximalism thiab ncaj ncees. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov niam txiv thiab txawm, raws li nws yog, ib tug "me ntsis tsis ncaj ncees lawm", tab sis cloudless tus cwj pwm ntawm cov laus Emelyanov niam tais - tag nrho cov no tshwm sim ua ntej tus tub nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm tsab ntawv nws nyeem, tsis yog qhov tseeb thiab yooj yim li nws pom tag nrho nws lub neej.

Kev Me Nyuam Yaus xaus nrog cov lus iab ntawm tus poj niam uas tsis paub, lub neej hloov pauv, kev coj cwj pwm pib, kev loj hlob zuj zus pib. Phau ntawv "Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm no, qhov chaw … Tsis yog txhua tus neeg muaj peev xwm ua siab zoo - qhov no yog lwm zaj lus qhia uas Seryozha Emelyanov tau txais ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm zaj dab neeg. Qhov no yog dab tsi Anatoly Aleksin muab tso rau pem hauv ntej. "Lub sijhawm no, qhov chaw …" - kev sim litmus, uas txawm tias niaj hnub no tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas tus kheej zoo ntawm tus neeg. Nws yog ib qho kev tu siab uas ua haujlwm ntawm Anatoly Aleksin tau tawm hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv niaj hnub hauv tebchaws Russia. Nws cov dab neeg yog cov lus qhia uas tsis nco qab txog kev coj ncaj ncees, uas yuav ib txwm hais tias "txog peb" - ob qho tib si hauv tsib caug xyoo thiab hauv ob puas thiab tsib caug. Txawm li cas los xij, hnub no yeej tseem nyob ntawm peb.

Lwm yampoj niam

Yog koj yuav tsum tiv thaiv ib tug neeg, lawv tsis thov kev tso cai… Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua hauj lwm yog sau nrog xws li postulates me me. Dab tsi yog nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv no, uas tig tag nrho lub neej qub ntawm Emelyanov Jr. Nws hloov tawm tias nws txiv tus yam ntxwv tsis yog ib txwm zoo li ntawd. Nws mob hnyav heev tom qab raug mob rau pem hauv ntej, thiab Nina Georgievna, kws kho mob hauv tsev kho mob uas nws tau kho, tso nws tseg. Nws yog nws tus uas xa nws mus rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm ib tug noj qab nyob zoo txoj kev ua neej: txaus ntshai insomnia, qaug dab peg, tsis muaj qab los noj mov thiab ntau lwm yam tshwm sim ntawm kev raug mob tsuas yog kov yeej los ntawm ib tug nruj tswj hwm thiab kev ua si. Thaum Emelyanov Sr. tau txais kev kho mob, nws poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog lwm tus thiab tso Nina Georgievna ib leeg. Tab sis tsab ntawv tsis yog hais txog qhov ntawd kiag li.

Nws sau tias nws zam txim rau txhua yam, tab sis tam sim no nws mob heev, thiab tos ntsoov pab. Tias nws yog qhov phem tshaj qhov nws tau tshwm sim, tom qab kev tawm ntawm Emelyanov Sr. Vim qhov poob lub sij hawm no tsis yog ib tug txiv, tab sis yog ib tug tub. Shurik, tus me nyuam saws uas nws tsa, mam li nco dheev pom cov niam txiv tiag tiag. Thiab tam sim no nws, twb yog ib tug neeg laus, tau khiav tawm zoo li menyuam yaus, ntsiag to ntim nws cov khoom thiab tsis hais lus nyob zoo. Tam sim ntawd Nina Georgievna sau tias qhov no tuaj yeem nkag siab. Sergei Jr. txiav txim siab tuaj xyuas nws, vim nws niam nws txiv tseem tab tom mus ncig ua lag luam. Ntawm no tib neeg nyob kaj siab lug, mus kawm ntawv los yog ua hauj lwm, taug kev, noj mov, tsis muaj dab tsi, thiab nyob rau hauv lub meantime qhov chaw… Cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm zaj dab neeg, tsis muaj lub slightest ncaj ncees, tab sis tsis bluntness, qhia nrog tag nrho lawv cov cwj pwm yuav ua li cas puas. kev tsis quav ntsej ntawm lwm tus yog.

Vim li cas loy alty thiaj xav tau

Emelyanov Jr. hauv thawj feeb ntawm lub rooj sib tham tau saib Nina Georgievna nrog qee qhov kev xav tsis thoob thiab txawm tias kev khib, tab sis sai sai ntseeg, hnov lwm tus neeg mob thiab qhia qhov sov so ntawm nws tus ntsuj plig. Thaum mus ntsib nws, tus tub nws tus kheej tau koom nrog tus poj niam no thiab, ntawm chav kawm, tau hlub nws heev. Lawv tau los ua phooj ywg. Lub void nyob ib ncig ntawm Nina Georgievna tau sau nrog qhov zoo. Yog lawm, thiab Sergey nws tus kheej tau pom meej meej qhov txawv: tus neeg laus, lub luag haujlwm, muaj peev xwm muab kev xyiv fab.

Anatoly Aleksin xaus zaj dab neeg nrog qhov tseeb tias Sergei Yemelyanov Jr. tau txais daim pib mus rau hiav txwv, uas nws niam nws txiv thaum kawg txiav txim siab txhawb nws. Nws tau npaj rau lub sijhawm ntev - tag nrho lub caij ntuj no, txhua hnub ntawm nws so nws xav txog. Tab sis tom qab ntawd lwm tsab ntawv tuaj ntawm Nina Georgievna. Nws tsis paub dab tsi Sergei npau suav ntawm, thiab yog li ntawd nws tsis kam nws so, tsuas yog mus saib nws. Npau suav ntawm hiav txwv pib ploj mus thiab yaj tam sim ntawm peb ob lub qhov muag. Sergey tsis tuaj yeem tso cai rau Nina Georgievna rov xav tias poob zoo li ob qho dhau los. Thiab nws paub tseeb tias nws yog tib yam rau nws, yog tias tsis ntau tshaj qhov kev ploj ntawm txoj kev dhau los. Sergei yuav tsis mus rau hauv hiav txwv, nws yuav tsis ntxeev siab. Nws ntseeg tau thiab ncaj ncees, ncaj ncees thiab teb, nrog lub siab loj thiab lub siab zoo.