Filonov cov duab, biography ntawm tus kws kos duab
Filonov cov duab, biography ntawm tus kws kos duab

Video: Filonov cov duab, biography ntawm tus kws kos duab

Video: Filonov cov duab, biography ntawm tus kws kos duab
Video: Станюкович Константин Михайлович 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Tus neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias avant-garde Pavel Nikolayevich Filonov txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th los ua lub npe hu ua tus sau tshwj xeeb, kev tshuaj xyuas duab. Nws tus cwj pwm muaj zog tau dhau los ua cov lus dab neeg, los ntawm qhov uas tuaj yeem tsis lees paub ntawm tus kws kos duab hauv qhov tseeb ntawm nws qhov kev tshawb pom, nws txoj kev xav hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab monastic asceticism hauv lub neej.

Nws txoj haujlwm yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm keeb kwm ntawm avant-garde painting. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Filonov cov duab kos yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tshwm sim, qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus tswv txoj kev tsim kho, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov keeb kwm.

Filonov cov paintings
Filonov cov paintings

Start

Tus neeg ua yeeb yam yav tom ntej tau yug los hauv 1883 hauv tsev neeg txom nyem ntawm Ryazan cov neeg ua liaj ua teb uas tau tsiv mus rau Moscow hauv kev nrhiav lub neej zoo dua. Txiv yog ib tug cob qhia, niam yog ib tug khaub ncaws. Txaus siab los ntawm kev kos duab, Pavel sai sai pom tau tias kev pleev xim yuav yog nws txoj haujlwm.

Tom qab kev kawm theem pib ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv pawg ntseeg hauv Moscow, nws kawm tiav cov chav kawm pleev xim thiab pleev xim rau xyoo 1901 twb nyob hauv St. Nyob ntawd, tom qab lawv tseem tshuav menyuam ntsuag, nws tsiv mus tom nws tus muam, uas tau sib yuav.

philonian paintings
philonian paintings

Ua hauj lwm ua ib tug neeg pleev kob, uas coj cov nyiaj tau los me me, qee zaum tso cai rau kuv tau txais qee qhov kev xyaum pleev xim. Yog li, tus kws kos duab nco qab txog nws txoj kev koom tes hauv phab ntsa painting ntawm ib co nplua nuj chav tsev thiab nyob rau hauv lub restoration ntawm picturesque dluab ntawm lub dome ntawm St. Isaac lub Cathedral.

Ua ke nrog cov chav kawm no, Filonov koom nrog cov chav kawm kos duab ntawm "Lub Koom Haum rau Kev Txhawb Kev Ua Yeeb Yam" thiab sim npaj rau kev nkag mus rau Academy of Arts. Thawj qhov kev sim - hauv 1903 - ua tsis tiav, thiab Filonov nkag mus rau hauv lub studio ntiag tug ntawm Dmitriev-Kavkazsky mus txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm kos duab.

Xyoo 1908 nws tau los ua haujlwm pub dawb hauv Academy, tab sis ob xyoos tom qab ntawd nws yeem tawm mus, tsis pom kev nkag siab ntawm cov xibfwb vim nws qhov kev xav txawv heev ntawm kev kos duab.

Artist Researcher

Txoj kev tshuaj xyuas rau cov duab duab tau qhia los ntawm Filonov thawj cov duab kos nrog lub npe "Heads" (1910), "Txiv neej thiab poj niam" (1912), "Ob Poj Niam thiab Riders" (1912), "East thiab West" (1912). Lawv tseem tsis tau muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus tswv ntawm kev sau cov duab los ntawm ntau lub hlwb flickering, tab sis cov no yog cov ua haujlwm paub meej meej.

Ntawm no, kev txawj ntse ua haujlwm los qhia txog lub tswv yim uas tsuas yog cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov khoom uas daim duab yog saturated nrog. Txog qhov sib txawv, cov haujlwm no ntawm tus kws kos duab nug cov lus nug txog lub neej ntawm nws lub sijhawm, uas tau poob nws lub hom phiaj, thiab qhia tsis muaj kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm kev kub ntxhov yuav tshwm sim.

Pavel filonov paintings
Pavel filonov paintings

Qhov tsis meej ntawm cov duab los ntawm tus kws kos duab Filonov "Lub Koobtsheej ntawm Vaj" (1912-1913) tsis yogmuab so rau cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm txog tam sim no. Qhov chaw muaj cov duab uas muaj cov lus qhia meej hauv phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum, cov cim mythological ntawm qhov ntsuas supranational.

Nws yog tag nrho ntawm cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg thiab cov lus qhia tsis meej. Nws raug suav hais tias yog daim duab tsis meej tshaj plaws ntawm tus tswv, thaum pom zoo nrog nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov yaj saub. Cov vajntxwv thiab vajntxwv ntau haiv neeg, zaum ntawm lub zwm txwv, ua kom muaj kev zoo siab, ua raws li cov pej xeem mus ob peb vas ua ntej Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1. Kev ua koob tsheej ntawm cov vaj ntawm Filonov yog nyob mus ib txhis thiab cuam tshuam rau txhua lub sijhawm.

koom nrog txheej txheem

Yug rau hnub ua ntej ntawm kev kub ntxhov thoob ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm pej xeem lub neej, Pavel Filonov, uas nws cov duab kos tau txawv los ntawm qhov tseeb originality hauv daim ntawv thiab semantic aspiration, yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kos duab, thiab tsis tsuas yog Lavxias teb sab.

Nws koom nrog kev ua ub no ntawm Youth Union kos duab koom haum, tom qab ntawd koom tes nrog cov kws sau paj huam futurist, suav nrog Vladimir Mayakovsky thiab Velimir Khlebnikov. Hauv kev sib tham nrog cov Cubists, nws thaum kawg txiav txim siab lub tswv yim tsim ntawm nws txoj kev xav hauv ntiaj teb - analytical art.

Filonov painting artist
Filonov painting artist

Xyoo 1912, Filonov mus rau Fabkis thiab Ltalis, tsiv, hauv nws cov lus, taug kev thiab khwv tau nyiaj ua haujlwm. Nws tau paub txog cov keeb kwm ntawm cov thawj coj zoo ntawm yav dhau los thiab nrog cov kev hloov pauv tshiab ntawm kev txhim kho sai sai ntawm lub neej ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Nws pom thawj paintings los ntawm Picasso thiab lwm tus Cubists nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm avant-gardekos duab - hauv Paris - thiab tsim nws tus kheej kev xav txog lawv.

Filonov's theoretical legacy

Txoj kev xav mus tas li thiab kev tsom xam - qhov no yeej ib txwm paub qhov txawv Filonov. Nws paintings yog ib tug loj derivative ntawm xws li ib tug kev soj ntsuam, thiab tus tswv lub theoretical tej hauj lwm tseem nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm kos duab.

Yog li, hauv tsab xov xwm "Canon thiab Txoj Cai" nws tawm los nrog kev ntsuas ntse ntawm cubism thiab cubo-futurism, uas tau nce nrawm, thiab hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm "Made Pictures" nws sim tsim lub tswv yim ntawm nws. analytical mus kom ze rau painting.

paintings los ntawm cov artist Filonov
paintings los ntawm cov artist Filonov

Raws li tus kws kos duab Filonov tau sau rau hauv nws cov ntawv, cov duab ntawm Picasso thiab nws cov thwjtim muaj qhov tsis xws luag ntawm ib sab ntawm kev muaj tiag raws li classical realism. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov tseeb kev sib txuas nrog cov xwm txheej thiab lub ntiaj teb sab hauv ntawm tus neeg vim muaj ntau yam kev txwv ntawm kev kos duab thiab cov txheej txheem. Muab piv rau ntau yam khoom siv ntawm qhov xwm txheej thiab kev xav, lawv qhov muaj peev xwm tsis txaus ntseeg.

Rau qhov kev sib raug zoo nrog cov xwm txheej, yuav tsum muaj txoj hauv kev tshiab uas koom nrog kev siv tag nrho sab ntsuj plig arsenal ntawm tib neeg tus tsim. Lub hom phiaj yog tsim cov duab thiab kos duab nrog kev pab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyuaj thiab muaj zog ntawm tus txiv neej, ua haujlwm ntawm txhua qhov, txhua atom.

Kev ywj pheej thiab ntau haiv neeg

Qhov tseem ceeb rau tus kws kos duab ua haujlwm, Filonov cov duab kos duab paub daws teeb meem tseem ceeb dua thaum qib ntawm nws cov txuj ci kev paub meej. Tus tswv cuab yeej cuab tam kuj muaj xws li portraits pleev xim los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv ib txwm, classical yam. ATlawv feem ntau piav txog nws cov viv ncaus thiab cov neeg nyob ze lawv.

Filonov paintings nrog lub npe
Filonov paintings nrog lub npe

Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1916, Filonov mus ua rog - Pavel Nikolaevich tau tsiv thiab xa mus ua ib tug ntiag tug mus rau Lavxias teb sab-Romanian pem hauv ntej. Nws nyob ntawd kom txog rau thaum 1918, thaum, tom qab lub liquidation ntawm pem hauv ntej, tus kws kos duab rov qab mus rau Petrograd nyob rau hauv lub tshiab tsoom fwv thiab tau koom tes nyob rau hauv ua hauj lwm.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb yog taug qab los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tsuas yog hauv cov haujlwm tsim ua ntej kev sib koom ua ke, thiab tom qab nws rov qab los ntawm sab xub ntiag, Filonov cov duab tau sau nrog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv, txawm hais tias qee zaum lawv muaj cov duab tom qab apocalyptic.

Struggle for new art

Zoo li lwm tus thawj coj ntawm Lavxias avant-garde, Filonov xav tias los ntawm lub sijhawm tom qab kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm nws txoj kev cia siab rau kev yug los ntawm kev kos duab tshiab, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov rooj sib tham. Nws koom nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Artistic Culture (Inkhuk), thiab tom qab los ua ib tug xib fwb ntawm lub Academy of Arts, nws sim reorganize nws los ntawm lub standpoint ntawm lub sij hawm tshiab. Nws lub lag luam tseem ceeb, dhau li ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyuaj thiab kev ua haujlwm nyuaj hauv kev cob qhia, yog "Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb", tsim los ntawm nws xyoo 1925.

Filonov cov tub ntxhais kawm yog kwv yees li ib puas tus tub ntxhais hluas cov neeg pleev kob uas tau qhia nws cov kev xav, tau tshaj tawm hauv "Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Ntiaj Teb Kev vam meej" (1923) - lub ntsiab theoretical ua haujlwm ntawm tus tswv. Nyob rau hauv nws, nws tshaj tawm lub hav zoov ntawm ib tug loj heev lub ntiaj teb no ntawm phenomena uas "pom qhov muag" tsis tuaj yeem ntes tau, tab sis qhov uas nkag mus rau "kev paub qhov muag". Cov kws ua yeeb yam niaj hnub no yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam lwm qhov kev muaj tiag, nthuav tawm nws hauv daim ntawv ntawm daim ntawv,inventive.

Ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm tsis tuaj yeem zam lub zog ntawm lub zog uas Filonov cov duab kos tau tawg thiab poob rau hauv kev coj ua dawb huv, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov neeg uas cov tswv yim ntawm tus tswv tau los ua ib qho kev pab muaj zog rau lawv tus kheej lub siab xav.

Photosque formulas

Filonov xyoo 1927, ua ke nrog nws cov tub ntxhais kawm, tsim lub tsev sab hauv ntawm Lub Tsev Xov Xwm, tsim cov scenery thiab kos duab tsim rau kev tsim khoom ntawm Gogol's "Inspector", ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshaj tawm phau ntawv "Kalevala", thiab lwm yam.

Tab sis kev ua haujlwm nyuaj ntawm cov duab tshiab tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws kos duab lub neej. Nws txoj kev cog lus rau nws lub tswv yim thiab tsis kam lees nws tus kheej hauv nws txoj haujlwm tau zoo siab rau qee qhov, thaum lwm tus, ib txwm nyob hauv ib puag ncig muaj tswv yim, chim siab.

artist Pavel filonov paintings
artist Pavel filonov paintings

Ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tsim nyob rau xyoo 1920 thiab 1930s, muaj ntau cov duab kos npe hu ua qauv: "Formula of the Petrograd Proletariat" (1921), "Formula of Spring" (1927), "Formula of Imperialism" (1925) thiab lwm yam. Qhov no yog lwm qhov kev lees paub ntawm kev ncaj ncees rau cov tswv yim ntawm kev kos duab kos duab, uas tus kws kos duab Filonov khaws cia kom txog thaum kawg ntawm nws hnub.

Cov duab "Narva Gates" (1929), "Tsiaj" (1930), "Faces" (1940) yog qhov kev xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb uas tsuas yog qhov muag ntawm tus kws kos duab tiag tiag pom.

Filonovshchina

Nyob rau hauv tus kws kos duab sim tsim qhov tseeb uas muaj cais tawm ntawm qhov tseeb hnyav, kev thuam thiab kev xav ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd pom qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev sim kom dim ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam rau lub neej yav tom ntej, thiab qhov phem tshaj., ib qho kev sim ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov tub rogthiab builders ntawm communism. Thiab maj mam tus kws kos duab Pavel Filonov, uas nws paintings muaj me ntsis zoo li cov piv txwv ntawm socialist realism, dhau los ua ib tug outcast.

Txhawm rau kom paub meej tias nws txoj kev ncaj ncees rau cov tswv yim ntawm kev tawm tsam proletarian, nws pleev xim rau ob peb daim duab ntawm "tso cai" cov ntsiab lus: "Ua haujlwm champions ntawm Red Dawn Hoobkas" (1931), "Tsheb laij teb" (1931), tab sis qhov no tsis pab - nws tsis muaj kev ua neej nyob, raug thab plaub thiab cais tawm.

Txoj hmoo ntawm tus tswv hu tau tragic (nws tuag ntawm kev qaug zog nyob rau hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm lub blockade, lub Kaum Ob Hlis 3, 1941), yog hais tias koj tsis nco qab lub koob meej posthumous uas tuaj rau nws nyob rau hauv ntau benign sij hawm. Niaj hnub no, nws tej hauj lwm muaj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tus loj tshaj masterpieces, thiab lub npe yog unequivocally ranked ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm pictorial art.

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