Kev sau ntawv ntawm Cov Ntawv Sau: Cov Qauv, Kev Xav Tau, Ntev Ntev

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tsis ntev los no, hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv lub tebchaws hauv tib neeg, cuam tshuam nrog kev paub ntawm Lavxias, cov kws qhia ntawv tau pib xav kom cov tub ntxhais kawm sau qee yam tshiab ntawm kev sau ntawv - sau ntawv.

Txawm hais tias hom ntawv sau no nthuav tawm ntawm tus kheej cov kev xav zoo ib yam li cov ntawv sau zoo tib yam, tseem muaj ntau qhov sib txawv. Kev xav tau, qauv, daim ntawv, ntim ntawm cov ntawv sau - qhov no tsuas yog ib daim ntawv teev cov yam ntxwv tsis tiav.

tsab ntawv yog dab tsi

Lo lus "essay" nws tus kheej yog lus Fab Kis (essai), thiab txhais tau tias "sketch", "essay", "etude", "test". Feem ntau, hom kev sib xyaw no pom muaj nyob hauv cov haujlwm ntawm kos duab. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis tsuas yog sau ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv: kev sau ntawv muaj ntau hauv kev xav, kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib raug zoo, keeb kwm, lus txawv teb chaws, kev tshawb fawb txog nom tswv thiab ntau yam kev kawm.

Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm kev sau ntawv ua haujlwm

Essay txhais tau tias kev nthuav qhia pub dawb ntawm kev xav. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li qee qhov kev cai sau ntawv, qhov kev lees paub no tuaj yeem raug hu mus rau lo lus nug. Tshwj xeeb, tus kws qhia teeb tsa lub ntim ntawm cov ntawv sau thiab, feem ntau, nws lub ntsiab lus. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb uas cuam tshuam qhov qub txhais ntawm kev ywj pheej. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum to taub dab tsi los ntawm lo lus "essay"?

Cov ntsev ntawm tag nrho cov hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv ntawm nws tus kheej qhia nws cov kev xav thiab kev xav txog qhov no los yog qhov nam, txhais nws tus kheej tus cwj pwm rau tej yam teeb meem thiab piav qhia txog nws views. Hauv qhov no, hom ntawv sau tuaj yeem yog xim sib txawv - qhov tseem ceeb, kev xav, kev sau xov xwm.

siv tswv yim

Kev sau ntawv, uas tau siv los ua tiav hauv Western txoj kev kawm tau ntau xyoo, pab txhim kho koj cov kev xav, qhia lawv kom meej hauv kev sau ntawv, txhawb kev xav muaj tswv yim thiab nthuav dav rau cov tub ntxhais kawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sau ntawv, qhov laj thawj ntawm qhov teeb meem tau qhia meej, qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau nws qhov tshwm sim, qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem tshwm sim thiab txoj hauv kev kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem. Tus menyuam kawm ntawv sib cav txog kev xav thiab kos cov lus xaus. Tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm hauv qhov no yog cov piv txwv ntawm cov ntawv sau txog kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib raug zoo, keeb kwm thiab kev nom kev tswv.

Key Features

Nyob rau xyoo 2004, tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias M. Yu. Brandt tau hais tawm thiab tau piav qhia qhov tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntawv sau:

- lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb hauv qab txhua daim ntawv;

- nkag siab txog qhov teeb meem thiab kev nkag siab ncaj qha ntawm tus sau nws tus kheej;

-luv luv essay;

- qauv dawb;

- lus yog pub dawb, tsis txwv los ntawm kev txwv nruj;

- lub xub ntiag ntawm tus thawj thiab tsis yog tus sau cov lus txiav txim siab;

- txuas ntxiv ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm zaj dab neeg;

- incompleteness, uas yog, tsis muaj kev soj ntsuam tag nrog ib qho kev xaus.

Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua qhov kev sau ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lossis lwm yam kev kawm yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv nws lub cev kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv pom ntawm qhov teeb meem no, nrog rau qee qhov piv txwv qhia txog nws.

Sib txawv ntawm cov ntawv sau, sau ntawv, sau ntawv

Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab lwm yam kev sau ntawv yog feem ntau hauv nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb. Xav txog cov yam ntxwv no kom ntxaws ntxiv:

1. qauv. Lub sij hawm daim ntawv muaj ib tug nruj kev txiav txim: nplooj ntawv lub npe, cov ntsiab lus, kev taw qhia, ib tug logic saw ntawm cov ncauj lus, nrog rau cov tshooj, kab lus thiab kab lus, xaus lus, phau ntawv teev lus thiab daim ntawv thov. Daim ntawv sau tsis tau hais txog cov txheej txheem nruj zoo li no. Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv tau nthuav tawm kom muaj kev ncaj ncees, tab sis tsis muaj pov thawj ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov teeb meem, yam tsis tau teeb tsa lub hom phiaj thiab lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb.
2. Style. Diploma, term papers thiab abstracts yog sau nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv ib tug scientific los yog kev kawm style. Cov ntawv sau tau nthuav tawm ua lus pub dawb, tab sis cov kab lus yuav tsum tau nyeem, thiab hais lus tau zoo.
3. Cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb. Yog tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb muaj ntau tus lej, hnub tim, cov ntawv no (feem ntau tsis tsim nyog) tau txais tos, tom qab ntawd hauv kev sau ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lossis lwm yam kev kawmtsuas yog ob peb yam xwb, tab sis cov piv txwv zoo thiab nco tau txaus yuav txaus.
4. Tsis muaj nqe lus los yog siv. Cov lus tsis raug tso cai hauv cov ntawv sau dawb: nco ntsoov tias peb cov ntawv sau yog kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus kheej thiab kev xav.

Qee tus kws qhia ntawv yuam cov menyuam kawm ntawv los ntawm kev hu ib tsab ntawv sau ua ke. Qhov no tsis yog tseeb kiag li. Cov ntawv sau muaj cov lus sib tham, cov ncauj lus tau hais rov qab ua piv txwv, cov ntawv nyeem tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog aphorisms, thiab kev txiav txim siab hauv nws feem ntau cuam tshuam ib leeg.

qauv

Nyob rau hauv txhua tsab ntawv, koj tuaj yeem hais txog qee cov qauv, uas, feem ntau, tsis yog tswj hwm los ntawm ib yam dab tsi, tab sis tseem yuav siv qhov chaw.

Ib qho kev txiav txim siab luv luv rau hauv qhov teeb meem hauv kev txiav txim siab ua rau muaj kev qhia txog kev sau ntawv. Qhov pib, raws li txoj cai, tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ob kab lus, yuav siv li 15-30% ntawm tag nrho cov ntawv sau thiab qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov teeb meem. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua qhov kev taw qhia kom nws nyiam cov neeg nyeem, txhawb nws kom kawm ntxiv txog kab lus.

Kev taw qhia yog ua raws li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tsab ntawv. Qhov ntim ntawm cov lus ntawm cov seem no yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 50% ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Hauv qhov tseem ceeb, tus sau qhov kev txiav txim raug nthuav tawm, cov lus sib cav thiab cov piv txwv tau muab. Qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev sau ntawv yog piav qhia, qhov zoo dua nws yuav qhia tus sau qhov sib xws ntawm lub peev xwm los piav qhia thiab txhawb nws cov lus nrog cov lus sib cav.

Qhov thib peb thiab kawg ntawm txhua kab lus yog qhov xaus. Nws yog qhov luv tshaj - tsuas yog li 10-15%. Hauv kev xaus, nws raug tso cai los hais txog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb, kos cov lus xaus txog qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab thiab qhia luv luvcov txiaj ntsig, tawm me ntsis understatement.

Ua raws li txhua yam piav qhia thaum sau ntawv, koj yuav tau txais kev nyiam ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv thiab ua rau nws zoo siab.

Volume

Muaj ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ua rau muaj lus nug txog ntev npaum li cas ib tsab ntawv yuav tsum muaj. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv, nrog rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm tsab xov xwm nws tus kheej. Pom zoo tias kev tsom xam ntawm qee cov paj huam ntawm tus kws sau paj huam yuav siv ntau nplooj ntawv tsawg dua qhov kev txiav txim siab txog nws txoj haujlwm tag nrho.

Ib tsab ntawv sau yuav siv li peb daim A4, sau rau ntawm ib sab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntawv sau yuav zoo haum rau ntawm ib nplooj ntawv thiab ntawm xya. Qhov ntim ntawm cov ntawv sau kuj nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm qhov kev txawj ntawm tus sau nws tus kheej thiab nws txoj kev piav qhia.

Kev xav tau sau ntawv

Vim qhov tseeb tias cov ntawv sau tau nce ntxiv rau hauv cov kev sib tw rau kev nkag mus ua cov cuab yeej pov thawj, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qee qhov kev xav tau uas siv rau lawv hauv ntau lub tebchaws hauv tebchaws.

Ib lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua los ntawm tib neeg yam. Hauv lwm lo lus, tsab ntawv yuav raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv uas koj feem ntau tsis paub. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntxiv rau koj txoj haujlwm, nws yuav tsum tau ua ntau lwm yam khoom. Yog li ntawd, tsis hais txog cov tswv yim thiab cov kev xav ntawm tus neeg tshuaj xyuas, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom qhuas nws, kom "catch" xim.

Nyob rau hauv qhov no, nws raug nquahu kom hnav cov ntawv ntawm cov ntawv sau hauv daim ntawv teeb. Cov kab lus yuav tsum luv tab sis muaj txiaj ntsig. Tsis txhob ntevkev xav, tsis txhob cuam tshuam los ntawm lub ncauj lus. Sau rau lub ntsiab lus, tab sis tsis dhau sparingly. Yog tias koj ua raws li cov cai yooj yim no, txoj hauv kev uas koj cov ntawv sau yuav raug nyeem kom txog thaum kawg yuav nce ntxiv. Daim ntawv sau ua ntej tseem yuav pab npaj koj cov kev xav thiab ua kom koj cov kab lus kom meej thiab nthuav dav hauv cov ntsiab lus.

Npaj rau qhov tseeb tias koj tuaj yeem nug ob lub ncauj lus tshwj xeeb thiab tso cai rau nws tus kheej tshawb nrhiav cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tham. Txij li qhov kev xaiv thib ob yog qhov feem ntau, xaiv cov lus nug uas koj muaj qee yam hais txog. Txawm zoo dua, yog lawv nyob nruab nrab - ces koj qhov kev xav lossis kev thuam tsis zoo li yuav tawm tsam qhov kev xav ntawm pawg thawj coj.

Yog koj tsis paub tias koj tuaj yeem hais li cas ntawm ib lub ntsiab lus, sim mus kawm cov piv txwv. Cov ntawv sau hauv social science lossis kev xav tau yooj yim dua los nrhiav dua hauv kev lag luam lossis kev cai lij choj, tab sis tom qab kawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws, cov qauv rau tsab xov xwm yav tom ntej tseem yuav pib tshwm sim.

Koj yuav tsum npaj siab rau txoj haujlwm loj. Sim nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ntau npaum li sai tau ntawm cov ncauj lus uas tau hais. Tshawb nrhiav cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm kev pom thiab kev xav ntawm cov neeg muaj feem cuam tshuam - qhov no yuav pab koj kom ua tiav daim duab ntawm koj tus kheej lub ntiaj teb kev pom thiab piav qhia nws txoj hauv kev muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws hauv tsab ntawv yav tom ntej.

Npaj thiab sau

Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim rau koj txoj haujlwm thiab muab koj cov kev xav hauv kev txiav txim, uas tom qab ntawd yuav muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv, cov kws sau ntawv pom zoo kom ua raws li cov lus qhia hauv qab no rau kev npaj thiab sau ntawv:

- npaj koj tsab ntawv;

- tsim ib daim qauvkev xaiv ua haujlwm;

- Sau txhua lub tswv yim hauv kab lus cais;

- ua kom tiav cov ntawv sau nrog cov nqe lus tshiab;

- kho qhov kev nthuav qhia;

- tuaj nrog cov lus nthuav, nco ntsoov.

Hais txog cov teeb meem hauv lub koom haum, faib cov theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tsis txhob sim ua txhua yam hauv ib hnub, yog tias qhov no yog qhov ua haujlwm zoo. Tsis txhob overload koj lub taub hau nrog cov ntaub ntawv thiab nco ntsoov tias cov ntawv sau hnub ua ntej yuav nyeem thaum sawv ntxov me ntsis txawv dua li tam sim tom qab ntau teev ua haujlwm.