Lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lomonosov Mikhail Vasilyevich

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th tau cuam tshuam los ntawm classicism. Lo lus no txhais tau hais tias kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm Rome thaum ub, uas cov bourgeoisie tshwm sim suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab xav tau. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, imitation ntawm antiquity feem ntau yielded rau lub rationalism ntawm creativity. Qhov style no, nrog nws cov tswv yim pej xeem, kev xav hauv ntiaj teb, raws li kev ntseeg ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsim kom muaj kev ua vaj ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws, ua rau Lomonosov txoj kev ua paj huam.

Tab sis tus kws tshawb fawb tsis txaus siab tsuas yog qhov kev xav pom ntawm qhov tseeb.

Txoj haujlwm ntawm M. V. Lomonosov

Kev sau ntawv muaj tswv yim ntawm Lomonosov yog tsom rau kev txhim kho ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev coj noj coj ua. Nws yeej tsis tso nws tus kheej lub hom phiaj ntawm kev xav txog qhov muaj tiag nyob ib puag ncig. Nws tej hauj lwm tshaj tawm qhov tseeb thiab pom yav tom ntej.

Nws tsis nyiamcov tswv tsev uas twb muaj lawm, tab sis nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm muaj kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub yeej thiab loj ntawm Lavxias teb sab statehood, tsim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Peter lub Great.

Lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm M. V. Lomonosov

Ode nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm classicism tau tsim feem ntau. Hom ntawv no zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm thaum cov hom phiaj sib txawv tau nce siab tshaj tus kheej. Txaus siab rau ib tus kws sau paj huam tau tshwm sim thaum nws cov kev paub cuam tshuam txog cov xwm txheej ntawm lub xeev thiab lub tebchaws.

Odes

Creativity Lomonosov tsis txhob txwm tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv kev sau ntawv od. Hom ntawv no muaj ntau dua nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog kev daws teeb meem ceev, txij li hauv cov haujlwm no tus sau tuaj yeem hais lus paj huam ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Ntxiv rau, odes thaum lub sijhawm ntawd tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb, thiab lawv tau xaj los ntawm tsoom fwv rau festive ceremonies. Muab rau lawv rau cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe, Lomonosov tau dhau mus dhau ntawm lub tsev hais plaub raug cai, hais nws qhov kev thov kom daws cov teeb meem ntawm lub tebchaws tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv lub ode rau Empress Elizaveta, Lomonosov hu nkauj ntawm nws ua tus saib xyuas ntawm kev thaj yeeb nyob rau hauv lub xeev. Thaum pib ntawm nws txoj kev kav, kev ua tsov ua rog nrog Sweden xaus.

Tus kws sau paj lug lub odes solemn yog nthuav thiab muaj yeeb yuj. Nws tau txuas tshwj xeeb rau qhov raug thiab lub sijhawm ntawm cov xwm txheej keeb kwm. Lub lyrical zaj dab neeg ntawm ode txog kev ntes ntawm Khotin suav nrog ntau lub ntsiab lus epic. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm yog nyob ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab tus kws sau paj huam txoj kev xav txog nws. Lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb, qhov twg "Lavxias eagles" yeej. ATnyob rau hauv nws kev qhuas rau kev vam meej, tus sau nrhiav tau cov lus zoo los cuam tshuam cov kev xav ntawm cov neeg nyeem.

Lomonosov txoj kev ua paj huam, hauv luv luv, tsis yog qhov dav thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws. Tab sis nws cov creation ntawm ib tug tshiab system ntawm versification yog ib qho nyuaj rau overestimate.

Yuav tsum tau hloov kho Lavxias teb sab versification

Hauv Russia, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev txheeb xyuas tau muaj ntev. Txij li thaum lub xyoo pua 16th, lub ntsiab lus ntawm syllabic tau siv nyob txhua qhov chaw, uas tsis suav nrog lub peculiarities ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Cov paj huam tau hu ua nqes, uas yog couplets, fastened nrog rhymes. Cov Virsheviks tau sau hauv Slavonic, uas tsim kev so nrog pej xeem paj huam.

Lwm txoj cai - tonic, haum rau Latin thiab Greek, qhov twg tsis muaj qeb ntawm lub zog kev ntxhov siab. Nws lub hauv paus yog kev hloov ntawm lub suab ntev thiab luv.

Trediakovsky cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev txheeb xyuas

Kev hloov pauv ntawm nqe lus Lavxias pib Trediakovsky. Nws pom tias lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tonic, raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm cov lus nyuaj siab nrog cov lus tsis txaus siab, yog qhov zoo dua ntawm no. Nws los ze rau lub tswv yim ntawm chav tsev tshiab rhiab heev - ko taw, uas suav nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov suab nrov nrog cov tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab. Ua ke cov tonic thiab syllabic hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm versification rau hauv ko taw, Trediakovsky tsis tuaj yeem txav deb ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab syllabics. Nws txwv nws cov kev tsim kho tshiab rau nqe ntev thiab xaiv rau nws ib leeg chorea atherosclerosis. Yog li, ua tus nrhiav pom ntawm nqe lus hais lus-tonic, Trediakovsky tsim tsuas yog ib qho ntawm nws ntau yam.

Creation of the poetic system by Lomonosov

Lomonosov txoj haujlwm ua rau nws muaj peev xwm thaum kawg txhim kho cov theem tsim nyog tom ntej hauv kev hloov kho ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam, xav txog accentology los ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev txheeb xyuas, qhov uas muaj qhov sib piv ntawm kev ntxhov siab-tsis ntxhov siab thiab ntev-ntev. Qhov no yog qhov zoo sib xws nrog Trediakovsky txoj kev xav kawg, thiab lub tswv yim ntawm ob lub suab thiab peb lub suab lus taw qhia, thiab qhov xav tau rau ntau hom lus sib dhos tshwm. Lomonosov los rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev txwv qhov loj ntawm nqe. Piv rau ib hom nqe, nws tsim ib qho system tag nrho.

Lomonosov lub poetic creativity manifested nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv nws predilection rau iambic, uas feem ntau zoo sib xws mus rau lub lofty hom ntawm lub ode. Nws ntseeg tias nqe iambic ua rau muaj kev zoo siab thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.

Kev lees paub ntawm txoj cai tshiab ntawm kev hloov pauv

Vim li ntawd, kev hloov pauv ntawm kev hloov pauv tau maj mam siv, uas tau pom zoo rau txoj hauv kev syllabo-tonic hauv Lavxias paj huam, uas tseem yog lub hauv paus. Trediakovsky raug suav hais tias yog tus neeg nrhiav pom ntawm no, muab qhov kev lees paub theoretical thiab thawj qhov kev paub hauv kev siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tshiab.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm M. V. Lomonosov nyob rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia no yog tsom rau nws txoj kev loj hlob, kev tsim kho thiab kev faib tawm rau tag nrho cov kev coj ua paj huam. Tus kws sau paj lug muab iambic tetrameter nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw thiab txhim kho nws nyob rau hauv nws odes. Raws li Mikhail Vasilievich, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nrog cov nom tswv thiab qib siab ntawm cov paj huam. Lomonosov tsis tu ncua lees paub thiab nthuav davqhov muaj peev xwm ntawm syllabo-tonic versification, raws li qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau cov lus Lavxias. Nws lub hauv paus tau embodied nyob rau hauv Pushkin paj huam.

Literary creativity ntawm Lomonosov

pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th nyob rau hauv Russia tseem yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm txoj kev ua neej nyob nruab nrab, thaum kev hloov pauv kev hloov pauv thiab kev tshawb fawb tau tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Europe, nrog rau kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev kawm tau txhim kho.

Lomonosov txoj haujlwm hauv cov ntawv nyeem tau pom meej meej hauv kev tsim cov qauv paj huam tshiab. Nws kuj yog tus tswv txoj kev xav ntawm cov lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv, tau teev nyob rau hauv thawj Lavxias teb sab qauv sau ntawv thiab rhetoric. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau tswj hwm rau ib puas xyoo thiab pom kev txuas ntxiv hauv cov haujlwm ntawm AS Pushkin.

Cov haujlwm muaj tswv yim ntawm Lomonosov yog tsom los tsim cov ntawv sau Lavxias. Cov phau ntawv feem ntau yog ecclesiastical, thiab lawv muaj ntau lo lus los ntawm Greek thiab lwm yam lus, uas rau feem ntau yog incomprehensible rau cov nyeem. Txoj kev xav ntawm lo lus Lavxias tau tsim los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub Koom Txoos Slavonic thiab hom lus, uas txhais tau hais tias cov lus Moscow. Cov lus tau muab faib ua 3 yam:

• common;
• phau ntawv, tsuas yog cov tsis tshua muaj;
• neeg.

Thawj lub siab (siab) yog npaj rau sau odes thiab paj huam; nruab nrab ib tug pab rau prose, elegies, satires, phooj ywg ntawv nyob rau hauv nqe; qis - rau sau nkauj, epigrams, comedies thiab sau cov xwm txheej zoo tib yam. Cov lus sau ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th yog raws li qhov kev xav ntawm cov qauv no.

Howib tug patriot thiab pej xeem daim duab, Lomonosov pab nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev kawm ntawv. Qhov kev ua tiav tseem ceeb hauv kev coj ua no yog kev tsim thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias.

Lomonosov txoj haujlwm hauv cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov haujlwm tshawb fawb. Tus kws sau paj huam txawj sau nqe thiab Lavxias zoo dua li nws cov neeg kawm. Txhais kev tshawb fawb los ntawm lwm yam lus, nws tam sim ntawd tsim cov ntsiab lus tshiab.

Txog lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lomonosov, S. I. Vavilov luv luv thiab muaj txiaj ntsig tau hais tias kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kos duab-keeb kwm kev nyiam thiab kev nyiam sib koom ua ke hauv ib tus neeg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tau tshwm sim lawv tus kheej tsis yog nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam los ntawm sab nraud, tab sis los ntawm kev xav tau sab hauv. Mikhail Vasilyevich nws tus kheej tau hais kom tib neeg tsis txhob qhuas nws qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis siv lawv lub siab.

Qhov xav tau los tsim cov tsev kawm ntawv tshiab rau cov neeg Lavxias

Cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab ntawm Russia thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th tuaj yeem suav rau ntawm tus ntiv tes. Kev kawm tsis txaus rau cov neeg ntawm lub voj voog siab tshaj plaws, thiab ib tus neeg ntawm cov chav kawm qis tsuas yog kawm nyeem thiab sau ntawv xwb. Cov ntaub ntawv nrog Lomonosov yog qhov tshwj xeeb, thiab tsuas yog muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov xwm txheej, nws lub peev xwm thiab kev ua siab ntev ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ncav cuag qhov siab hauv kev tshawb fawb.

Cov tsev kawm ntawv uas twb muaj lawm tuaj yeem ua tsis tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub tebchaws loj loj. Muaj kev xav tau ceev rau cov kws tshaj lij hauv tsev, thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv xeev rau cov nom tswv thiab cov pej xeem xav tau.

Tsim ntawm Moscow University

Lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lomonosov yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm hauv Fatherland. Xyoo 1753Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo nws tsim lub project thiab cov qauv ntawm Thawj National University nyob rau hauv Moscow, thiab tom qab 2 xyoo nws qhib nws ua ke nrog lub chamber junker ntawm Empress Elizabeth I. I. Shuvalov. Nws yog thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv tebchaws Russia, uas txhua tus tub ntxhais hluas muaj peev xwm, tsis hais chav kawm twg, tuaj yeem nkag mus. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias muaj ib tug Academy ntawm Sciences nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, txawv teb chaws kawm ntawv tuav lawv txoj hauj lwm tshwj xeeb nyob rau ntawd thiab tsis tso cai rau domestic txuj ci tsim.

Mikhail Vasilievich tsis tau qhia hauv Moscow University, txij li Lomonosov tag nrho lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm tau tshwm sim hauv St.

Tab sis nws tau ua nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws los pab txhim kho Lavxias kev tshawb fawb txog kev nyiam cov kws tshaj lij hauv tsev los ua haujlwm. Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, cov kws tshaj lij Lavxias tau nyeem cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm txhua lub tsev kawm.

Cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas kawm tau zoo tau txais lub npe nom tswv. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tsim, daws cov teeb meem ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm. Nws tau dhau los ua ib qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb kab lis kev cai.

Zaj lus

Lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lomonosov nyuaj piav qhia luv luv. Nws cov haujlwm tau tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm xyoo pua 18th. Nws ua tiav txhua qhov chaw, nthuav qhia qee yam tshiab, ntxim nyiam thiab vam meej. Lub versatility ntawm nws nyiam thiab kev ua ub no tsuas yog piv rau Leonardo da Vinci.

Lub tswv yim ntawm Mikhail Lomonosov thiab lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm Russia thiab nws tawm ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog. Nws tau txais yam nws xav tautxoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm, uas dhau los ua tsis yooj yim sua kom nres nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej vim muaj kev koom tes ntawm cov neeg ntawm tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv no.

Hais txog qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev koom tes rau kev tsim ntawm Fatherland, nws tau muab tso rau hauv qhov sib npaug nrog cov neeg tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob.