Cov ntsiab lus, kev xav, cov duab ntawm cov nkauj ntawm cov kws sau paj huam ntawm xyoo pua 18th: kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lomonosov thiab Radishchev

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Nyob rau xyoo pua 18th, Lavxias teb sab paj huam pib ib theem tshiab ntawm kev loj hlob. Nws yog lub sijhawm no uas tus kws sau ntawv tus kheej lees paub nws tus kheej. Txog rau thaum xyoo pua 18th, tus cwj pwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam tsis tau xav txog hauv cov paj huam. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj los tham txog lyrics raws li lub embodiment ntawm lub subjective txoj kev xav ntawm tus sau.

poetic cwm pwm

Cov ntawv qub Lavxias feem ntau tsis qhia npe. Nws cov neeg sau ntawv yog cov neeg teev dab qhuas. Lawv nruj me ntsis soj ntsuam cov canons. Yog li ntawd, ntau cov ntawv uas tsim ua ntej xyoo pua 18th yog ib qho zoo sib xws. Cov kws sau ntawv tsis tau sim sawv ntsug thiab nce tus kheej.

Lyrics raws li ib yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, hais txog kev nthuav tawm ntawm tus sau lub ntiaj teb sab hauv, nrhiav tsis tau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob. Yog li ntawd, nws yog cov hauj lwm ntawm cov masters ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, uas yog suav hais tias yog lub heyday ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam kos duab. Cov tsim ntawm cov qauv no yog Antioch Cantemir thiab Vasily Trediakovsky.

Pioneers ntawm tus kheej hauv cov ntaub ntawv

Teeb, motifs, dluab ntawm cov nkauj ntawm cov kws sau paj lug ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th tseem muaj feem xyuam rau niaj hnub no. Lub voj voog ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tau piav qhia los ntawm Antioch Cantemir. Nws cov paj huam qhia txog kev sib sib zog nqus ntawm sab ntsuj pligkev paub. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm "Ntawm Kev Cia Siab rau Vajtswv," tus kws sau paj lug hais txog qhov tsis paub tseeb txog lub neej yav tom ntej thiab kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, nws hu kom tig mus rau tus Tsim thiab tso siab rau nws tus kheej.

Kev hlub cov ntsiab lus twb muaj nyob rau hauv Trediakovsky cov ntawv txhais ua ntej. Cov hauj lwm "Rib mus rau lub Island ntawm kev hlub" (tus sau - Talleman) qhia lub allegorical xav ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Txhua lub xeev kev hlub raug xa mus siv lub npe ntawm ib cheeb tsam. Ntawm cov kob ntawm kev mob siab rau muaj lub tsev fuabtais ntawm kev ntsiag to, lub pas dej ntawm kev poob siab, lub qhov tsua ntawm kev lim hiam.

Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ntawm lub hauv paus hauv tebchaws Russia

Teeb, kev xav, cov duab ntawm cov nkauj ntawm cov kws sau paj huam ntawm xyoo pua 18th tau los ua cov lus teb rau cov dej num ntawm Peter lub Great. Nws pom zoo rau lub hwj chim imperial kiag li. Tab sis lub motto ntawm nws kav yog enlightenment. Lub siab xav rau rationality thiab liberalization ntawm pej xeem lub neej nyob rau hauv Russia tau txuam nrog zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem zoo no tau tsim nyob rau tib lub sijhawm xws li lwm yam, tsaus thiab kev puas tsuaj. Emelyan Pugachev txoj kev ua tsov rog loj heev rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tau dhau los ua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm ntau qhov kev tawm tsam tawm tsam lub hwj chim ntawm cov tswv av tshaj lawv cov serfs.

Teeb, kev xav, cov duab ntawm cov nkauj ntawm cov kws sau paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th yog qhov kev xav ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg. Cov style siab thiab kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov paj huam ntawm Kantemir, Trediakovsky, Lomonosov feem ntau ua ke nrog cov kev xav tsis zoo thiab kev ntxhov siab.

Russian classicism

Kev tsim ntawm Russia ua ib lub tebchawsthov cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. Cov kws sau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th tau tsom mus rau qhov ua tiav ntawm European kos duab. Classicism dominated nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Fabkis. Nws yog qhov style no uas tau tshwm sim hauv cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias.

Cov ntsiab lus, kev xav, cov duab ntawm cov nkauj ntawm cov kws sau paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th yog ua raws li kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov canons tsim los ntawm kev kos duab ntawm classicism. Nws yog qhov style no zoo kawg nkaus ua tau raws li kev xav tau ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub xeev centralized. Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm classicism yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm pej xeem lub luag haujlwm tshaj qhov kev xav ntawm tus kheej.

Ua haujlwm los ntawm Lomonosov thiab Radishchev

Russian paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th yog lub teb chaws tob heev. Vasily Trediakovsky tau ua ib qho kev hloov kho ntawm kev txheeb xyuas. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv kev hloov ntawm ib tug syllabic qauv neeg txawv teb chaws mus rau Lavxias teb sab lus mus rau ib tug syllabo-tonic qauv.

Cov ntsiab lus, motifs, cov duab ntawm cov nkauj ntawm cov kws sau paj huam ntawm xyoo pua 18th Lomonosov tau cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb yog vividly thiab qub. Hauv nws txoj haujlwm, nws tso siab rau Trediakovsky txoj kev hloov kho. Ib qho ntawm feem nto moo lyrical tej hauj lwm ntawm Lomonosov yog "Kev Sib Tham nrog Anacreon". Tus sau tau xaiv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib tham ntawm ob tug kws sau ntawv - ib tug Greek ancient thiab ib tug niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Anacreon hu nkauj txog kev hlub rau tus nkauj nyab zoo nkauj. Niaj hnub nimno Lomonosov kuj muaj peev xwm qhuas poj niam kev zoo nkauj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws nyiam ntau dua los ntawm kev piav qhia ntawm heroic deeds thiab lub greatness ntawm motherland. Lomonosov tsis yog tsuas yog tus kws tshawb fawb ci ntsa iab xwb. Nws kuj tau los ua tus neeg loj tshaj plaws hauv cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias.

Teeb,motifs, cov duab ntawm cov nkauj ntawm cov kws sau paj lug ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th Radishchev embodied nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej yam. Kev nom kev tswv thiab kev xav ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tau xav txog hauv nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hu ua "Txoj kev los ntawm St. Petersburg mus rau Moscow." Radishchev txoj kev xav kuj tau tshwm sim hauv nws cov lus. "Historical Song" yog ib zaj paj huam uas tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Tus kws sau ntawv qhia txog nws ntau ntu ntawm keeb kwm yav dhau los. Radishchev tuav lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev ywj pheej tiag tiag thiab lub hwj chim kiag li. Txhua tus kav, raws li tus sau, yog tyrants.

Radishchev tig mus rau keeb kwm keeb kwm hauv paj huam "Bova". Qhov kev ua haujlwm no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov qauv siab thiab qis. Cov yam ntxwv poetic cim ntawm classicism yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv paj huam nrog rau frankly folklore hais lus kab lus. Piv txwv li, Radishchev siv cov lus thiab kab lus xws li "kev tsim txom", "hlawv kua muag". Qhov no yog qhov peculiarity ntawm lub composition.

Cov no yog cov ntsiab lus, motifs, cov duab ntawm cov nkauj ntawm cov kws sau paj huam ntawm xyoo pua 18th. Qib 9 yog lub sijhawm uas cov menyuam kawm ntawv yuav tsum muaj peev xwm sib cav txog lawv tus kheej txoj kev xav txog kev sau ntawv. Cov tub ntxhais hluas kawm pom kev coj ncaj ncees thiab thoob plaws lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo heev. Lavxias teb sab paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th yog zoo meej rau qhov no.