Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin: biography, illustrations thiab paintings ntawm tus kws kos duab

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin ua haujlwm ntawm ob lub xyoo dhau los, tau los ua tus kws kos duab, tus kws kos duab, tus tswv zoo ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Nws tsim nws tus kheej style nyob rau hauv cov duab, uas yog heev fond ntawm cov neeg saib thiab pom muaj ntau yam imitators. Txoj hmoo ntawm tus tswv zoo kawg no thiab nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev kos duab invariably tseem nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg nyiam niaj hnub.

pib taug kev

Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin yug rau lub Yim Hli 4 (16), 1876 hauv lub zos Tarkhovka, ze rau St. Tus kws kos duab cov poj koob yawm txwv yog cov neeg ua lag luam Kaluga paub zoo, muaj npe nrov rau kev txhawb nqa thiab txaus siab rau txoj hmoo ntawm fatherland. Tus txiv ntawm tus kws kos duab, Yakov Ivanovich Bilibin, yog tus kws kho mob tub rog, tom qab ntawd lub taub hau ntawm lub tsev kho mob thiab tus kws tshuaj xyuas ntawm lub nkoj huab tais, koom nrog kev ua tsov rog Lavxias-Turkish. Leej txiv npau suav pom nws tus tub ua ib tug kws lij choj, thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas Ivan Bilibin, kawm tiav los ntawm gymnasium nrog ib tug silver puav pheej, nkag mus rau St. Petersburg University ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm txoj cai.

Tus tub hluas kawm kom paub meej, mloog tag nrho cov lus qhuab qhia, tiv thaiv nws txoj kev kawm. Tab sis ib sab ntawm qhov kev cia siab zoo, uas tau cog lus rau yav tom ntej kev cai lij choj, muaj ib txwm nyob rau lwm tus npau suav. Txij thaum yau nws tau mob siab raukos. Ib txhij nrog nws cov kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev kawm ntawv, Bilibin nkag siab txog kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev kos duab thiab kos duab ntawm Drawing School of the OPH (Society for the Encouragement of Arts). Rau ib hlis thiab ib nrab, nws tau kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv ntiag tug kos duab ntawm Austro-Hungarian artist Anton Azbe hauv Munich. Nws nyob ntawm no tias txoj kev kawm ntawm kev kos duab tau muab qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb thiab tsim rau cov tub ntxhais kawm muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau tus kheej kos duab style. Nyob hauv tsev, Bilibin tau mob siab rau kawm hauv chav rhiav pleev xim raws li kev taw qhia ntawm Ilya Repin.

Nkauj nyiam

Thaum lub sijhawm Bilibin txoj kev kawm ntawm Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab Art ntawm Academy of Arts, qhov twg Repin tau teem caij rau tus tub hluas, muaj kev nthuav qhia ntawm Viktor Vasnetsov, uas tau sau rau hauv qhov tshwj xeeb romantic ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus dab neeg. thiab fairy tales. Cov neeg saib ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia yog ntau ntawm peb cov kws ua yeeb yam uas yuav muaj npe nrov rau yav tom ntej. Bilibin Ivan Yakovlevich yog ntawm lawv. Vasnetsov tej hauj lwm ntaus tus menyuam kawm ntawv lub siab, nws tom qab lees paub tias nws tau pom ntawm no ib yam dab tsi uas nws tus plig tsis nco qab rushed mus rau thiab xav tau.

Nyob rau xyoo 1899-1902, Lavxias Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Xeev tau luam tawm ntau phau ntawv nrog cov duab zoo nkauj rau pej xeem tales. Muaj cov duab kos duab rau cov dab neeg "Vasilisa tus Zoo Nkauj", "Duck Dawb", "Ivan Tsarevich thiab Firebird" thiab ntau lwm tus. Bilibin Ivan Yakovlevich tau sau npe ua tus sau cov duab kos.

Illustrations for pej xeem tales

Nws nkag siab txog lub teb chaws tus ntsuj plig thiab paj huam, uas cov lus dab neeg Lavxias ua pa, tau tsim tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg rau pej xeem kos duab. Tus kws kos duab mob siab rau xav paub thiab kawm txog sab ntsuj plig ntawm nws cov neeg, lawv cov poetics thiab txoj hauv kev ntawm lub neej. Nyob rau hauv 1899, Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin mus xyuas lub zos ntawm Yegny, nyob rau hauv lub Tver xeev, nyob rau hauv 1902 nws kawm cov kab lis kev cai thiab ethnography ntawm lub Vologda xeev, ib xyoo tom qab tus artist tau mus xyuas lub Olonets thiab Arkhangelsk xeev. Los ntawm nws qhov kev mus ncig, Bilibin tau coj cov ntawv sau los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam, cov duab ntawm cov ntoo architecture.

Nws impressions ua rau cov neeg sau xov xwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txog pej xeem kos duab, architecture thiab lub teb chaws costume. Ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo dua ntawm cov kev mus ncig no yog Bilibin cov haujlwm qub, uas qhia tus tswv qhov kev xav rau cov duab thiab cov qauv tshwj xeeb heev. Ob lub peev xwm ci ntsa iab nyob hauv Bilibin - tus kws tshawb fawb thiab tus kws kos duab, thiab ib qho khoom plig txhawb nqa lwm tus. Ivan Yakovlevich ua haujlwm nrog kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus, tsis tso cai rau nws tus kheej tawm hauv ib kab.

Style specifications

Vim li cas Bilibin Ivan Yakovlevich thiaj txawv ntawm nws tus yam ntxwv ntawm lwm tus kws ua yeeb yam? Cov duab ntawm nws tej hauj lwm zoo thiab kev xyiv fab pab kom nkag siab qhov no. Ntawm ib daim ntawv, peb pom ib daim duab qhia meej meej, ua tiav nrog kev nthuav dav tshaj plaws thiab xim nrog cov xim txawv txawv ntawm cov xim zoo nkauj tshaj plaws. Nws illustrations rau epics thiab fairy tales yog xav tsis thoob cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws, cus ciav, poetic thiab tsis muaj kev lom zem.

Kev saib xyuas keeb kwm ntawm cov duab tseeb, uas tau tshwm sim hauv cov duab kos hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ris tsho, architecture, cov khoom siv, tus tswv tau tsim kom muaj huab cua ntawm cov khawv koob thiabkev zoo nkauj mysterious. Nyob rau hauv no, Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin yog heev nyob rau hauv lub siab rau lub tswv yim koom haum "Lub Ntiaj Teb ntawm Art", uas nws biography yog nyob ze rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov artist. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv kab lis kev cai ntawm yav dhau los, nyob rau hauv lub enticing charms ntawm antiquity.

Kev nkag siab ntawm lub ntiaj teb hauv kev kos duab

Los ntawm 1907 txog 1911, Bilibin tau tsim ntau cov duab tsis zoo rau cov epics thiab rau cov paj huam zoo heev ntawm Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Nov yog cov duab zoo siab thiab zoo heev rau Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Golden Cockerel thiab Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Tsar S altan. Cov duab piav qhia tsis yog ib qho ntxiv, tab sis ib hom kev txuas ntxiv ntawm cov lus hais no, uas, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, tus tswv Bilibin nyeem nrog nws tus plig.

Ivan Tsarevich thiab Qav uas tig los ua tus ntxhais huab tais, Koschey tus Neeg Tsis txawj tuag thiab Yaga, Ilya Muromets thiab Nightingale tus tub sab, Elena tus Zoo nkauj, Churila Plenkovich, Svyatogor - muaj pes tsawg tus phab ej Ivan Yakovlevich xav nrog nws lub siab thiab "rov qab los. " ntawm ib daim ntawv!

Folk kos duab kuj tau muab tus tswv qee cov tswv yim: ornamental thiab lubok txoj kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm qhov chaw kos duab, uas Bilibin coj mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv nws cov creations.

Luam tawm haujlwm

Ivan Bilibin ua haujlwm ua tus kws kos duab thiab hauv cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Nws tsim masterpieces ntawm luam ntawv, uas zoo heev pab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm no kev lag luam thiab nws cov kev taw qhia mus rau lub nrov kab lis kev cai. Cov ntawv luam tawm "Tib neeg Lub Tsev Nyeem Ntawv", "Golden Fleece", "Artistic Treasures of Russia" thiab lwm tus tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj qhov zoo nkauj thiab muaj txiaj ntsig vignettes, headpieces, npog thiabBilibin cov ntawv tshaj tawm.

Ntiaj Teb Lub Hwj Chim

Cov haujlwm ntawm Lavxias tus tswv ntawm cov duab tau paub txawv teb chaws. Lawv tau tshwm sim ntawm kev nthuav qhia hauv Prague thiab Paris, Venice thiab Berlin, Vienna, Brussels thiab Leipzig. Lawv tau luam tawm los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm txawv teb chaws, thiab cov chaw ua yeeb yam txawv teb chaws tau xaj Bilibin sketches rau kev tsim ua yeeb yam.

Satirical drawings

Nyob rau hauv 1905 thawj lub kiv puag ncig ntawm Lavxias teb sab tawg tawm. Zoo li feem ntau ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse, Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin txaus siab txhawb nqa kev txiav txim siab ntawm pawg neeg. Caricatures ntawm tus kws kos duab tau tshwm sim hauv cov ntawv xov xwm satirical Zhupel thiab Infernal Mail. Nws ua sketches lom zem, thuam cov nom tswv, ua tus cwj mem thiab, hauv nws zaj dab neeg nto moo, kos ib daim duab loj ntawm King Pea, arrogantly towering tshaj nws cov kev kawm. Rau kev hloov pauv kev kos duab, tus kws kos duab raug ntes rau ib hnub.

Tus Tswv ntawm scenery thiab watercolors

Bilibin txoj haujlwm ua tus sau ua yeeb yam pib nrog kev koom tes nrog Paris National Theatre, uas tau txib nws los kos duab kos duab rau Rimsky-Korsakov's opera The Snow Maiden. Tom qab ntawd muaj scenery rau productions nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg thiab Moscow. Kev vam meej ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov's opera Lub Golden Cockerel nyob rau hauv Moscow yog loj vim hais tias ntawm lub zoo kawg nkaus fairy taleas scenery tsim los ntawm tus tswv txhais tes. Bilibin ua sketches ntawm costumes rau Mussorgsky's opera Boris Godunov thiab Spanish costumes rau Calderon's ua yeeb yam St. Patrick's Purgatory, nrog rau Lope de Vega's comedy The Sheep Spring. Tus kws kos duab txawj tsimkhaub ncaws style rau Diaghilev ballet.

Tau kaum xyoo, pib xyoo 1907, Bilibin qhia cov duab hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Lub Koom Haum rau Kev Txhawb Kev Ua Yeeb Yam. Tom qab taug kev los ntawm teb chaws Askiv thiab Ireland, Ivan Yakovlevich " poob mob" nrog toj roob hauv pes. Nws tau pleev xim dej hiav txwv, lub ntuj thiab cov ntug hiav txwv British hnyav hauv cov xim dej. Tus kws kos duab tsim cov pob zeb thiab dej hiav txwv toj roob hauv pes hauv Crimea, qhov chaw nws mus ncig txhua lub caij ntuj sov.

Revolutionary cataclysms, emigration

Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1917, kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Russia. Ivan Yakovlevich txais nws thiab. Nws txawm tsim ib daim duab kos duab nrog tus dav dawb hau ob lub taub hau, uas tau muab lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm Tsoom Fwv Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees, thiab ntau tom qab ntawd tau siv nyiaj npib minting.

Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj tsis txhawb kev txaus siab ntawm tus kws kos duab. Nyob rau hauv 1920, nws tawm ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj nyob rau hauv Novorossiysk txawv teb chaws thiab nyob rau hauv Egypt. Ntawm no Bilibin tau destined nyob rau plaub xyoos.

Ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm no - sketches nrog cov pyramids paub tsis meej thiab nyob mus ib txhis, kos duab thiab kos duab kos duab ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Cairo.

Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1925, Ivan Yakovlevich tuaj txog hauv Paris thiab pib ua haujlwm nquag hauv kev tshaj tawm, qhia txog Lavxias, Western thiab Eastern fairy tales. Thaum lub sijhawm tsiv teb tsaws chaw, Bilibin tau tsim cov duab kos duab zoo nkauj rau cov cim thiab frescoes ntawm Lavxias lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Olshansky tojntxas hauv Prague.

Rau kaum xyoo ntawm xyoo 1920-1930, Ivan Yakovlevich fruitfully thiab ua tiav ntawm kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab: nws tau kos duab rau lub caij ua yeeb yam ntawm Champs Elysees, ua haujlwm hauv Lavxias Opera hauv Paris kev lag luam, tsim cov duab kos rau sab nrauv. Stravinsky's ballet The Heat -bird.

Rov

Lub neej nyob rau hauv exile yog nplua nuj thiab dawb, tab sis kev loj hlob ntev rau Russia tsis tawm ntawm tus kws kos duab. Thaum nws yeem tawm mus, nws tsis tau ua neeg xam xaj txawv teb chaws nyob qhov twg, thiab xyoo 1935 nws tau ua pej xeem Soviet. Tom qab ntawd nws tsim lub monumental vaj huam sib luag "Mikula Selyaninovich" rau lub tsev ntawm lub Soviet Embassy nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm Fabkis. Ib xyoos tom qab, tus kws kos duab thiab nws tsev neeg tau rov qab los rau lawv lub tebchaws. Bilibin tau txais tos txais tos los ntawm tsoomfwv tshiab thiab tau los ua tus xibfwb ntawm kev cob qhia cov duab kos duab ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Painting, Sculpture, Architecture ntawm Academy of Arts hauv Leningrad. Nws tsis tau tso tseg txoj haujlwm ntawm phau ntawv duab.

Tus kws ua yeeb yam nto moo tuag nyob rau hauv Leningrad nyob rau hauv 1942 los ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis thiab raug faus rau hauv ib tug loj xib fwb lub ntxa ntawm lub Smolensk toj ntxas.

Lub cim tseg hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb kos duab los ntawm tus kws kos duab Lavxias zoo nkauj Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin yog qhov tseeb thiab ci ntsa iab. Paintings, frescoes, graphics thiab lwm yam piv txwv ntawm nws inspiring creativity yog tam sim no khaws cia nyob rau hauv pej xeem thiab ntiag tug collections. Lawv decorate lub tsev ntawm "Lavxias teb sab Tsev khaws puav pheej" nyob rau hauv St. Bakhrushin hauv Moscow, ntawm Kiev Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Lavxias teb sab Art, ntawm London Victoria thiab Albert Tsev khaws puav pheej, ntawm Paris National Gallery, ntawm Oxford Ashmolean Tsev khaws puav pheej thiab ntau lwm tus.