Digital architecture: cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb, tus kws tsim vaj tsev, piv txwv

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Digital architecture yog qhov ua pa tshiab ntawm lub hnub nyoog digital ntawm noob neej. Nws yog qhov txawv ntawm lwm cov qauv (baroque, classicism, faj tim teb chaws, postmodernism, minimalism, gothic) tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nws sab nraud tsis, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv nws sab hauv. Koj tuaj yeem kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog cov lus qhia no los ntawm kev nyeem kab lus no.

yam ntxwv dav dav

Lo lus "digital architecture" yog thawj zaug siv thaum ntxov nineties. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, muaj kev tshawb fawb tas li rau cov hauv kev tshiab rau kev qhia tus kheej thiab txoj hauv kev ntawm shaping. Kev tsom mus rau kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, architects tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev siv tshuab computer. Digital txhais lus los ntawm lus Askiv txhais tau tias digital, uas, qhov tseeb, piav lub npe.

Ntawm no tsis muaj leej twg coj los ntawm kev nyiam zoo nkauj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, txhua yam txiav txim siab functionality ntawm lub tsev, lawv ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab dynamism. Qhov kawg, ntxiv rau, qhia meej cov lus ntawm digital architecture.

Kev tshwm sim

Cov ntaub ntawv hnub nyoog tab tom nojnws pib nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Nyob rau hauv lub tsib caug, kev suav cov txheej txheem thiab cov khoos phis tawj cuam tshuam rau kev txhim kho ntawm architecture, tab sis tsis tau hloov pauv txoj hauv kev ib txwm muaj. Cov theem digital ntawm tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob (txhais lus digital - digital, hluav taws xob lossis khoos phis tawj) pib thaum xyoo 1990s, thaum kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis pib.

Vim qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb los ntawm cov kev xav tau tsim los ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev feem ntau, cov kev taw qhia parametric muaj ob qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev:

1. Yuav tsum rov xav txog cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev tsim.
2. Yuav tsum tau rov xav txog cov khoom ntawm kev hloov pauv vaj tsev, piv txwv li qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg nyob.

Cov kws tsim qauv niaj hnub yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub ntiaj teb virtual thiab tiag tiag. Ntawm no peb tab tom tham tsis yog hais txog architecture nws tus kheej, tab sis hais txog qhov tseeb ntawm tus txiv neej thiab nws kab lis kev cai. Thiab lub xyoo pua nees nkaum yog ncaj qha ntsig txog hluav taws xob, cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv tom qab kab lis kev cai.

Ntse

Digital architecture yog raws li kev siv computer qauv, programming thiab visualization cov tswv yim los tsim ob lub tsev virtual thiab lub cev. Lub hauv paus rau kev tsim yog ib txheej ntawm cov lej uas tau muab khaws cia rau hauv ib hom electromagnetic. Lawv yog siv los tsim demos raws li cov ntaub ntawv tsis

Hom tsis yog kab sib txuas ua ke cov ntsiab lus ntawm parametricism, organi-tech, hluav taws xob baroque, thiab lwm yam. Lawv haismus rau complexly txiav txim systems, cov analogues ntawm uas yog kom meej meej taug qab nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso ib puag ncig.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm digital architecture:

• negation ntawm tawg thiab sib luag;
• ephemeral kev ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv kev siv ntawm textures, textures thiab technologies;
• tawm ntawm Cartesian kev tswj hwm;
• nonlinearity - cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsis sib xws thiab kev tsis ruaj khov;
• ntau lub xeev;
• amorphous forms;
• dynamics;
• randomness.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm "lattice" ib txwm mus rau "fractals". Lub lattice txwv qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov qauv kev sim rau lub sijhawm ntev heev thiab tau them nyiaj rau qhov no los ntawm kev yooj yim rau kev siv cov txheej txheem lej. "Fractals", ntawm qhov tod tes, yog cov qauv nyuaj uas cuam tshuam nrog kev rov ua dua ntawm daim ntawv spatial ntawm txhua qhov teev.

Methodology

Txoj kev tsim qauv tshiab yog siv hauv digital architecture. Ntawm lawv nws yog tsim nyog highlight:

• kev ua qauv sib txuas - suav nrog kev siv cov qauv nthuav dav thiab lawv cov kev sib raug zoo;
• scenario qauv qauv - raws li ntau yam kev cai tswj;
• morphing - kev hloov pauv nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntawv huab;
• topological morphogenesis - nruam deformation thiab invariance ntawm cov ntaub ntawv;
• qauv qauv ntawm architectural form - creation ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm phytomorphic, anthropomorphic los yog lwm yam analogues;
• plasticism - qauv ntawm kev hloov pauv nrog lub cev(cua lossis kua);
• adaptive systems - kinetic, sib tham sib thiab qhia plhaub.

Nrog kev siv cov cuab yeej siv computer niaj hnub, cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog, cov ciam teb ntawm kev tsim tau nthuav dav thiab lub tswv yim tshiab rau kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom tau tsim.

Ntaus architects

Cov kws tsim vaj tsev nyob hauv digital architecture tau tso tawm los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib luag thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav cov tswv yim tsis muaj tseeb. Cov neeg muaj peev xwm tshaj plaws hauv kev txhim kho ntawm cov lus piav qhia:

1. Patrick Schumacher. Qhia lo lus "parametrism" thiab txuas nrog lub tswv yim ntawm "heuristics". Nws ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, tag nrho cov architectural kev loj hlob yuav muaj ib tug organic cim: tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv smoothly ntws mus rau hauv ib leeg thiab tsim ib tug sib haum xeeb lub nroog pawg.
2. YPeter Eisenman. Nws nrhiav tau lub koom haum rau Kev Kawm ntawm Architecture thiab Urban Planning. Los ntawm deconstructivism, nws tau tsiv mus rau qhov tsis yog-linear version thiab tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm fractals tom qab lub npe nrov exhibition nplooj siab rau Deconstructive architecture ntawm New York Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Modern Art.
3. Frank Gehry. Nws cov khoom sib xyaw yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis ntau tus pom lawv raws li cov khoom tawg, qhov chaw ntxhib thiab tawg tsoos architectural ntsiab.

Tab sis tsuas yog ib lub npe nkaus xwb cuam tshuam nrog digital architecture - Zaha Hadid.

Zaha Hadid

Tus poj niam no nkag mus rau hauv kabcov npe ntawm cov neeg muaj kev vam meej thiab cov kws tsim vaj tsev muaj zog. Rem Koolhaas (tus kws kos duab nto moo Dutch) pom cov txuj ci ntawm ib tug poj niam hluas hauv nws cov tub ntxhais kawm xyoo, thiab tom qab kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv vaj tsev, tus poj niam hluas pib ua hauj lwm nrog OMA architectural bureau. Ua haujlwm ntawm no tau peb xyoos.

Nyob rau xyoo 1980, Hadid tsim nws tus kheej lub chaw ua haujlwm architectural. Tau ntau xyoo lawm, ntau tus neeg siv khoom tsis lees paub nws cov haujlwm vim qhov ua tsis tau zoo ntawm kev siv thiab txawm tias vim tsis lees paub.

Realized tej yaam num Hadid

thawj lub tsev digital tsim raws li Zaha cov duab kos yog qhov chaw tua hluav taws rau cov tuam txhab rooj tog Vitra. Tus qauv tsim yog reminiscent ntawm lub foob pob, thiab tis visors zoo ib yam li Soviet avant-garde pavilions.

Sheikh Zayed Choj yog lub cim ntawm kev niaj hnub thiab kev vam meej hauv UAE. Nws cov qauv tsim tau tsim los ntawm Zaha nyob rau hauv cov kev xav tiag tiag ntawm cov xuab zeb dunes. Cov qauv no muaj zog heev thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus cov cua ntsawj ntshab ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm ntau tshaj 100 km / h.

Tus kws kes duab vajtse lub thawv ntawm cov haujlwm tiav tiav muaj:

1. Rosenthal Center for Contemporary Art in Cincinnati.
2. tis tshiab ntawm Odrupgaard Art Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Strasbourg.
3. Lub tsev nruab nrab ntawm BMW cog hauv Leipzig.
4. Hotel Puerta America (Madrid).
5. London Water Sports Center.
6. Guangzhou Opera House.
7. Heydar Aliyev Center (Baku).
8. Business Center "Peresvet-Plaza" (Moscow).

Tus Saib Xyuas cov ntawv xov xwm kho mob ntseeg tias nws yog Hadid uas tau tso tawm cov duab kos duab kos duab thiab muab nws tshiabqhia txog tus kheej. Ib tug pab tsis tau tab sis pom zoo.

Piv txwv ntawm cov tsev

Piv txwv ntawm cov qauv digital impress nrog lawv cov nplai thiab ntau yam.

Lub tsev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab nco txog (dua li cov uas tau hais dhau los), tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia digital:

1. Exhibition pavilion "Breloga" ("Seliger-2009").
2. Rosnano Tsev khaws puav pheej.
3. Parametric railings hauv Novosibirsk.
4. Media ICT office building.
5. Kumu Art Museum.

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau sau tseg rau Google lub tsev kawm ntawv qhov project, uas yaj nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig, ua tsaug rau lub plhaub yas translucent, thiab hloov pauv vim muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv. ICD thiab ITKE pavilion, uas ua raws li cov qauv ntawm cov kab exoskeleton.

Telekom chaw ua haujlwm hauv Mustamäe tau lees paub tias yog qhov project digital zoo tshaj plaws hauv Tallinn xyoo 2017.

Digital architecture hauv Russia tsis txhais mus rau qhov tseeb. Tsuas yog ob peb ntawm Zaha cov haujlwm thiab cov pavilions ntawm kev kawm thiab kev coj noj coj ua tau paub. Qhov no yog vim lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb heev.

Kev thuam

Lub ntsiab cons yog:

• siv tsis tau qhov chaw dawb hauv lub tsev;
• kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov chaw keeb kwm;
• tsis paub ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm;
• kev npaj tsis txaus ntawm cov tuam txhab hloov pauv cov thev naus laus zis;
• tsis muaj nyiaj txaus;
• nyuaj hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.

Tsis tas li, qee qhov ceeb toom txog kev phom sij ntawm kev tsim kho. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, qhov kev thuam tau tshwm sim nyob ib puag ncig Al Wakra chaw ntau pob, tsim los ntawm Zaha Hadid. Tus kws tsim qauv nws tus kheej tau sau tseg tias kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis yog nyob ntawm tus qauv tsim, tab sis, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, ntawm lub tuam txhab tsim kho.

Tab sis, raws li cov kws tshaj lij tau taw qhia kom raug, digital architecture yog lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm tib neeg. Dab tsi tam sim no zoo li tsis txaus ntseeg thiab coj txawv txawv yuav sai sai no ua qhov chaw thiab tsim nyog. Ib yam li kev muaj tiag virtual, cov xov tooj smartphones lossis lub cev qoj ib ce.