Piv txwv ntawm dab neeg. Piv txwv ntawm cov me me ntawm cov lus dab neeg, cov dab neeg ua haujlwm
Piv txwv ntawm dab neeg. Piv txwv ntawm cov me me ntawm cov lus dab neeg, cov dab neeg ua haujlwm

Video: Piv txwv ntawm dab neeg. Piv txwv ntawm cov me me ntawm cov lus dab neeg, cov dab neeg ua haujlwm

Video: Piv txwv ntawm dab neeg. Piv txwv ntawm cov me me ntawm cov lus dab neeg, cov dab neeg ua haujlwm
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Folklore li qhov ncauj pej xeem kos duab yog kev kos duab sib koom ua ke ntawm tib neeg, uas qhia txog nws qhov kev xav zoo tshaj plaws thiab lub neej tiag tiag, kev ntseeg hauv ntiaj teb. Cov tswv yim zoo li no yog tsim los ntawm tag nrho cov neeg thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv paj huam, pej xeem ua yeeb yam, architecture, seev cev, nrog rau kev kos duab thiab khoom siv tes ua thiab kos duab.

Piv txwv ntawm cov dab neeg muaj nyob hauv ntau thaj chaw ntawm tib neeg lub neej niaj hnub no, los ntawm kev hu nkauj lullabies mus rau tsim cov khaub ncaws sau.

Piv txwv ntawm lus dab neeg hauv qhov ncauj hais lus feem ntau yog ditties, proverbs, sayings, nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, hais lus lem siv los ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub.

piv txwv ntawm folklore
piv txwv ntawm folklore

Main Russian pej xeem hom

Folklore tau muab faib ua peb hom, txhua qhov yog ua raws li nws cov ntsiab lus thiab lub hom phiaj kev taw qhia, nrog rau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev kos duab.

thawj hom lus dab neeg yog qhov epic, uas yog ib txoj haujlwm uas qhia txog lub hom phiaj kev ntsuas ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig, tsis lees paub hauv daim ntawv piav qhia. Poeticpiv txwv ntawm cov lus dab neeg ntawm hom no yog ntau yam epics, ballads, keeb kwm nkauj thiab paj huam ntawm sab ntsuj plig.

Tus prose epic tau muab faib ua cov lus zoo heev thiab tsis yog fairy tales, thawj suav nrog cov dab neeg hais txog tsiaj thiab khawv koob, cov lus piav qhia; mus rau qhov thib ob - bylichki, legends thiab kab lig kev cai.

hom thib ob yog cov lus, qhia txog kev paub txog kev paub thiab lub ntiaj teb sab hauv ntawm tus neeg. Cov no yog tej hauj lwm ntawm folklore, piv txwv uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lamentations, ditties thiab nkauj. Tag nrho cov haujlwm no tuaj yeem muab faib ua ritual thiab non-ritual ntawv raws li lawv lub hom phiaj.

Qhov thib peb ntawm cov lus dab neeg yog qhov ua yeeb yam uas qhia tus cwj pwm ntawm kev muaj tiag los ntawm kev ua si. Piv txwv yog kev ua yeeb yam, kev ua yeeb yam, menyuam roj hmab, duab ua yeeb yam, kev ua yeeb yam thiab ua yeeb yam.

Plaub yam yog lus dab neeg ntawm cov xwm txheej hais lus - hais lus, lus pov thawj, lus foom, lus zoo, lus qhuab qhia, tus nplaig twisters thiab riddles.

pej xeem piv txwv
pej xeem piv txwv

Russian ritual lus dab neeg

Nws muab faib ua daim ntawv qhia hnub thiab tsev neeg. Hom daim ntawv qhia hnub yog txheej txheej loj ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev ntseeg tsim los pab tib neeg, ua kom muaj sia nyob ntawm pawg neeg thiab lub zos, thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev ua tsiaj txhu thiab kev ua liaj ua teb. Calendar folklore tau tsim thiab tsim tawm thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo. Ib qho piv txwv yog Shrovetide, ua raws li cov cai uas coj ib tug neeg Lavxias ib lub lim tiam.

Piv txwv ntawm lus dab neeg tsom mus rau tsev neeg ritual hom -lamentations, nkauj ntxim nyiam, divination, raws li zoo raws li tej yam yees siv ritual ua aimed ntawm attracting yav tom ntej txij nkawm thiab kev hlub. Txhua qhov kev nqis tes ua ntsig txog kev tshoob kos thiab kev tshoob kos kuj tau nrog rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem kev cai dab qhuas - kev sib koom tes, kev sib koom ua ke, kev sib tw thiab lwm yam.

Nkauj hmoob ua yeeb yam

Piv txwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus dab neeg kuj tuaj yeem raug suav hauv thaj chaw ua yeeb yam. Cov kws tshawb fawb faib cov neeg ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam raws li nws cov theem evolutionary ib ntus rau hauv pre-theatrical thiab theatrical.

Cov piv txwv zoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem tuaj yeem pom hauv daim ntawv teev npe rituals thiab kev ua si, piv txwv li, hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws, ua cov menyuam roj hmab ntawm Maslenitsa, Yarila, Kupala, thiab ua yeeb yam nrog lawv. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ua ntej tseem muaj nyob hauv tsev neeg kab tshoob kev kos, xws li tus nqi nkauj nyab lossis tus hluas nkauj ua nws lub luag haujlwm.

Cov ntaub ntawv ua yeeb yam ntawm pej xeem kos duab tsim hauv Russia tsuas yog los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Qhov no yog, qhov tseeb, ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam muaj tswv yim hauv nws txoj kev xav niaj hnub no.

Buffoons - neeg tuaj dab ros, cob qhia, seev cev thiab ntaus nkauj yuav tsum raug ntaus nqi rau ib pawg neeg sawv cev ntawm pej xeem kos duab, uas yog ib feem ntawm pre-theatre game folklore.

yam ntxwv ntawm lus paj huam

piv txwv ntawm Russian folklore
piv txwv ntawm Russian folklore

Poetic tej hauj lwm ntawm folklore, piv txwv ntawm uas muaj ntau heev, muaj nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab tsev kawm ntawv cov kev kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab haiv neeg hais lus. Cov hauj lwm zoo li no yog epics, paj huam ntawm sab ntsuj plig, zaj nkauj keeb kwm, kev sau ntawvfables, ballads, ditties thiab cov me nyuam zaj nkauj poetic. Tag nrho cov piv txwv ntawm cov lus dab neeg ntawm qhov ncauj pej xeem kos duab, dhau los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam, tsim lub hauv paus ntawm pej xeem lub tswv yim thiab mythology. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv epics daim duab ntawm lub teb chaws hero yog piav, nyob rau hauv ib tug keeb kwm song nws lub tswv yim thiab tactical txuj ci tau tshwm sim; ditties thiab cov menyuam yaus zaj nkauj ua rau muaj kev lom zem thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo; nyob rau hauv dab neeg, nyob rau hauv ib tug playful thiab comic daim ntawv, qhov tsis zoo qualities ntawm heroes yog thuam.

Nkauj Hmoob hais lus zoo

Zaj nkauj no yog ib daim ntawv sau thiab hais lus ntawm prose uas tshwm sim los ntawm dab neeg thiab qhia txog cov xwm txheej tsis tseeb uas tshwm sim rau tus phab ej tiag tiag. Folklore tales muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov neeg ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Lawv sawv cev rau ob peb kab - fairy tales txog tsiaj, hais txog cov khoom thiab inanimate xwm, hais txog dag dab phem, txog khawv koob. Cov lus dab neeg no kuj suav nrog cov dab neeg siab, cov lus piav qhia, thiab cov kab lus sib sau ua ke. Nws yog tsim nyog hais tias ib hom ntawv fairy-taleas tuaj yeem ua raws li ib hom ntawv ntawm mythological paj huam, thiab hloov rov qab mus rau nws.

Piv txwv ntawm dab neeg dab neeg hauv kev hais lus hauv qhov ncauj yog qhov sib txawv dua li sau, vim yog qhov kev xav ntawm tus neeg piav qhia. Cov no yog cov variants ntawm cumulative saw fairy taleas "Gingerbread txiv neej" thiab "Turnip", "Fox thiab Crane", "Cat, Rooster thiab Fox", "Fox thiab Hma". Ntawm cov dab neeg ntawm dab phem, ib tug tuaj yeem nco qab Geese-Swans, Koschey lub Immortal.

Dab neeg dab neeg uas tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb yog tus wizard, nrog kev koom tes ntawm tej yam yees siv tsiaj lossis khoom, yog,Piv txwv li, "Finist Yasen Sokol", "Ivan Tsarevich thiab Grey Hma", "Los ntawm Pike's Command". Nroj tsuag thiab tej yam tshwm sim ntuj nrog lawv tus kheej tej khawv koob muaj nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua txhua fairy taleas - hais txiv apples, dej ntws thiab cua, nrhiav nkaum lub ntsiab cim ntawm kev caum, cawm dim ntawm kev tuag.

Folklore prose yog tus yuam sij rau Lavxias demonology

piv txwv ntawm Russian folklore
piv txwv ntawm Russian folklore

txheej thib ob ntawm lus dab neeg hais tsis zoo heev. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm cov dab neeg lossis cov xwm txheej ntawm lub neej uas qhia txog tus neeg txoj kev sib cuag nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm lub ntiaj teb rog - dab, dab ntxwg nyoog, kikimors, dab, thiab lwm yam.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tag nrho cov creatures tuaj rau niaj hnub no raws li tsis nco qab dluab los ntawm qhov tob ntawm lub sij hawm thiab muaj ib tug pre-Christian pagan keeb kwm.

qeb ntawm cov lus tsis zoo uas tsis yog lus dab neeg kuj suav nrog cov dab neeg hais txog thaj neeb, txuj ci tseem ceeb thiab cov neeg dawb huv uas ua rau lawv - ntawm no yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm lub hwj chim siab dua thiab tus neeg uas tau los rau hauv txoj kev ntseeg tau tshwm sim.

Prosaic piv txwv ntawm cov dab neeg hais txog cov txheej tsis zoo yog ntau haiv neeg - cov no yog cov dab neeg, thiab cov dab neeg, thiab cov dab neeg, thiab cov dab neeg hais txog kev npau suav.

niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab lus dab neeg

Nws muaj ob txheej, coexisting thiab ib ntus ntws mus rau hauv ib leeg.

thawj txheej yog tsim los ntawm pej xeem kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev ntseeg hloov mus rau qhov tseeb niaj hnub no. Lawv yog cov lus hais, kev cai dab qhuas thiab niaj hnub rituals, cov cim uas muaj feem xyuam rau niaj hnub no. Piv txwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus dab neeg, yam ntxwv ntawm lub neej niaj hnub, tuaj yeem pom ob qho tib si hauv lub neej niaj hnub(qhov chaw ntawm ib tug broom nrog ib tug broom up to attract material we alth), thiab nyob rau hnub so. Ritual festive folklore ntsiab yog, ntawm lwm yam, carols ua thaum Christmas lub sij hawm.

Txheej thib ob ntawm cov lus dab neeg hauv nroog niaj hnub no tseem yau dua thiab sawv cev rau kev ntseeg ntawm tib neeg kev tshawb fawb theories, ua raws li tib neeg kev ntseeg thiab kev ntshai.

piv txwv ntawm folklore hauv qhov ncauj hais lus
piv txwv ntawm folklore hauv qhov ncauj hais lus

Modern nroog folklore

Nws ua raws li kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov duab ntawm kev ntshai thiab kev ntseeg ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nroog, pib los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev lag luam, thaum muaj kev ua neej nyob hnyav thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis tau tsim los ntawm txheej txheej qub ntawm kev ntseeg Lavxias qub.

Piv txwv ntawm cov lus dab neeg hais txog kev muaj tiag Lavxias niaj hnub no feem ntau tsom rau ntau hom kev ntshai tib neeg. Feem ntau, cov no yog cov nkauj, rituals thiab gestures npaj los hu rau lwm lub ntiaj teb rog ("Poj huab tais ntawm Spades" ntawm dwarves, thiab lwm yam): dab, ntsuj plig ntawm ntau yam keeb kwm nuj nqis, nrog rau kev tshwm sim ntawm Divine Providence thiab ntau qhov chaw.

Qee lub ntsiab lus ntawm pej xeem kos duab suav nrog hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev xav ntawm kev lag luam xwm.

Piv txwv ntawm cov lus dab neeg hauv nroog siv hauv cov lus dab neeg niaj hnub no tau dej nyab hauv Is Taws Nem - cov no yog cov dab neeg hais txog kaw rau cov chaw nres tsheb pej xeem thiab cov kab subway, hais txog cov bunkers uas tau tso tseg thiab ntau yam ntawm cov tsev tsis tiav nrog cov dab neeg hais txog chav tsis meej, cuab yeej thiab cov tsiaj nyob..

piv txwv ntawm folklore nyob rau hauv lo lus hais txog Igor lub regiment
piv txwv ntawm folklore nyob rau hauv lo lus hais txog Igor lub regiment

Literary folklore - los ntawm keeb kwm mus rau tam sim no

Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv, suav nrog cov lus dab neeg, tau muab faib ua ob txheej: uas tau nqis los rau peb los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm 12th-16th centuries, uas yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim kho cov duab tom qab; tsim los ntawm 17th mus rau 19th centuries, siv cov duab no nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev kawm. Yog li ntawd, piv txwv ntawm folklore nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm ob lub sij hawm. Xav txog cov uas nto moo tshaj plaws hauv qab no.

Piv txwv ntawm cov lus dab neeg hauv "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Igor Txoj Kev Sib Tw" muaj feem ntau hauv kev sib piv piv txwv ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb nrog cov vajtswv tsis ntseeg, piv txwv li, Boyan hu ua tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Veles, cov thawj coj hu ua cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm Dazhdbog, thiab cov cua hu ua Stribog cov xeeb ntxwv. Kuj sau tseg yog tus sau tsab ntawv thov rau Huab Tais Ntuj.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub no, cov lus dab neeg yog siv los ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb hauv lawv lub neej txhua hnub.

Piv txwv ntawm cov lus dab neeg hauv paj huam "Rau leej twg nws yog qhov zoo nyob rau hauv Russia" los ntawm thaj chaw me me thiab cov lus sau paj huam, suav nrog cov lus hais, ditties, sayings ("qhia cov nyom hauv haystack, thiab cov tus tswv - nyob rau hauv ib lub hleb"), ib qho kev thov rau pej xeem cov paib (chaw "Peasant Woman", qhov twg Matryona cov phooj ywg cov neeg zej zog pom vim li cas rau cov qoob loo tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nws "… Nws muab lub tsho huv si rau Christmas… "), thiab ntxiv rau cov ntawv sau ntawm Lavxias teb sab nkauj ("Corvee", "Tshaib plab") thiab kev siv cov cim dawb ceev (xya tus txiv neej, xya tus noog).

Ntxhais hmoob mes kas

Lawv ua ib hom lus me metej hauj lwm uas yog ib feem ntawm ib tug neeg lub neej txij thaum yug los. Cov no yog ib hom me me ntawm cov lus dab neeg, piv txwv uas tuaj yeem pom hauv kev sib txuas lus ntawm leej niam nrog tus menyuam. Yog li, nyob rau hauv pestushkas (chants ntawm ib tug poetic daim ntawv), cov me nyuam rhymes (suab paj nruag-hais lus siv gestures ntawm tus ntiv tes thiab ntiv taw ntawm tus me nyuam), tso dag, invocations, suav rhymes, tus nplaig twisters thiab riddles, qhov tsim nyog atherosclerosis ntawm lub cev txav. teeb thiab yooj yim storylines raug xa mus.

piv txwv ntawm folklore nyob rau hauv paj huam rau leej twg nyob rau hauv Russia nyob zoo
piv txwv ntawm folklore nyob rau hauv paj huam rau leej twg nyob rau hauv Russia nyob zoo

thawj zaj dab neeg hauv tib neeg lub neej

Lullabies thiab pestle yog keeb kwm yav dhau los. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm lub npe hu ua niam paj huam uas nkag mus rau hauv lub neej ntawm tus menyuam txij thaum yug los.

Pestushki yog cov kab lus luv luv uas nrog rau kev ua ub ua no ntawm leej niam thiab tus menyuam mos. Rhythm tseem ceeb hauv lawv nrog rau cov ntsiab lus.

Lub lullaby, nrog nws cov ntawv nyeem thiab suab paj nruag, yog tsom rau tus menyuam kom ncav cuag lub xeev ntawm kev pw tsaug zog thiab tsis tas yuav siv cov cuab yeej suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem no, muaj ib txwm hais txog ib tug talisman uas tiv thaiv cov me nyuam mos los ntawm hostile rog.

Mam me me ntawm cov dab neeg, piv txwv uas tau muab los saum toj no, yog txheej txheej qub tshaj plaws ntawm pej xeem kos duab.

Pom zoo: