Gustave Dore: biography, illustrations, creativity, hnub thiab ua rau tuag

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Gustave Dore cov duab kos tau paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Nws tsim ntau phau ntawv luam ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov yog nws engraving thiab kos duab rau phau Vajlugkub. Tej zaum tus kws kos duab no yog tus kws kos duab nto moo tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev luam ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua tus paub tias Dore yeej tsis tau txais kev kawm txuj ci, thiab nws tau kos npe rau nws thawj daim ntawv cog lus nrog lub tsev luam tawm ntawm cov nyiaj hli ntawm 5,000 francs ib xyoos twg thaum nws muaj 15 xyoo. Nws lub koob meej raws li ib tug illustrator yog overshadowed los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias tus artist kuj yog ib tug txawj ntse painting thiab sculptor. Kab lus muaj keeb kwm thiab ib daim ntawv teev npe, nrog rau cov duab ntawm qee qhov haujlwm ntawm tus tswv zoo tshaj no.

Gustave Doré yug thaum Lub Ib Hlis 6, 1832, ntawm Rue Noué Blay hauv Strasbourg, tus tub ntawm Jean-Philippe Doré, tus kws tshaj lij choj. Nrog rau kev xav tau zoo ntawm kev soj ntsuam, tus tub los ntawm thaum yau tau pom muaj kev xav zoo thiab muaj txuj ci txawv txawv rau kev kos duab. Nws thawj sketchbookhnub tim 1842 (Gustave muaj kaum xyoo), qhia tau hais tias tus me nyuam muaj kev txawj ntse heev: lub xub ntiag ntawm nplooj ntawv, cov ntawv sau rau cov duab kos thiab cov ntsiab lus. Nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm drawings, tus me nyuam tub siv txoj kev ntawm anthropomorphism, hloov tib neeg dluab mus rau lwm yam animated beings, piv txwv li, tsiaj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov duab kos tau nthuav tawm kev lom zem thiab ua yeeb yam, tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kws kos duab yav tom ntej.

sijhawm kawm

Xyoo 1840, Gustave txiv, tau txais txoj haujlwm ua tus thawj coj ntawm Corps of Bridges, Dej thiab Hav Zoov, tau raug xaiv los ua haujlwm ntawm Ain, thiab tag nrho tsev neeg tsiv mus rau lub nroog Bourg-en-Bresse.. Muaj Gustave Dore nkag mus rau Royal College thiab dhau los ua ib tus tub ntxhais kawm tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, nws sawv tawm feem ntau rau nws qhov tshwj xeeb caricatures thiab kos duab. Tus tub nyob rau hauv cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txoj kev scenes qhia lub ntiaj teb no nyob ib ncig ntawm nws Burg. Nws tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws kos duab-cartoonists Cham, Grandwyn thiab Rodolphe, suav hais tias yog tus theorist thiab thawj tus tsim ntawm kos duab comics. Cov qauv ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Dore tau ua kom zoo dua qub, nws txoj kab nruj yav dhau los tau txais kev hloov pauv thiab sensuality. Thaum Gustave muaj 13 xyoos (1845), ib tug ntawm cov tshaj tawm ntawm Bourg-en-Bresse luam tawm peb ntawm nws lithographs, uas tau dhau los ua cov ntawv luam tawm ntxov tshaj plaws.

Ua haujlwm thawj zaug thiab tso tawm album

Xyoo 1847, Dore muaj kaum tsib xyoos tau tsiv nrog nws niam mus rau Paris, qhov chaw nws nkag mus rau Lycée Charlemagne (Charlemagne) thiab pib ua haujlwm.caricatures ntawm nws "Diary rau ib tug luag". Nws qhia cov duab kos rau Charles Philipon, tus tshaj tawm Parisian, tus tswv ntawm kev nom kev tswv thiab tus thawj coj ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm nrov Caricature thiab Charivari. Tus tshaj tawm muab Dora daim ntawv cog lus peb xyoos thiab ib nplooj ntawv rau nws cov duab kos hauv Le Journal txhua lub lim tiam. Tus txiv neej hluas tsim 1379 sketches rau cov ntawv xov xwm, thiab nws tau los ua ib qho kev xyaum zoo rau nws nrog kev them nyiaj zoo.

Tus tub hluas sai sai no dhau los ua tus kws kos duab tseem ceeb hauv lub tsev luam tawm, nws cov duab yog qhov txawv los ntawm cov duab tshiab thiab ntse irony. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ib qho kev mob siab rau ob qho tib si kev txawj ntse thiab kev txiav txim lub voj voog, thiab tseem kom tsis txhob muaj kev thuam, nws zam cov ntsiab lus nom tswv thiab kev sib raug zoo.

Nws thawj album ntawm lithographs, Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Hercules, txhais cov dab neeg qub, tau luam tawm xyoo 1847 los ntawm Aubert & Cie. Txhua nplooj ntawv tsis muaj ntau tshaj peb cov duab nrog cov lus luv luv uas hais txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm zaj dab neeg. Influenced los ntawm tus kws kos duab Rodolphe Topfer, Gustave Doré cov duab kos rau cov yeeb yaj kiab no tau tsim cov lus piav qhia zoo nkauj uas ua rau muaj kev xav ntawm kev txuas ntxiv thiab kev txav mus los. Tom qab tso tawm album thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Le Journal, tus artist sai sai nto moo thiab nyob rau hauv 1848 nws ua nrog ob tug cwj mem kos duab ntawm lub Paris Salon. Tom qab nws txiv tuag (1849), nws nrog nws niam mus txog thaum nws tuag xyoo 1879.

Rad to Fame

Hauv xyoo 1851, ob Doré albums tau luam tawm los ntawm Aubert & Cie, ib qho ntawm -Kev Ua Tsaug Rau Kev Txaus Siab yog hnub no yog ib qho ntawm thawj Fab Kis comics. Hauv nws cov txheej txheem, tus kws kos duab siv cov cwj mem lithographic.

Txij li xyoo 1851, Gustave Dore nthuav tawm nws cov duab kos thiab duab puab ntawm lub ntsiab lus kev ntseeg thawj zaug. Nws pab txhawb rau ntau yam ntawv xov xwm, suav nrog Phau Ntawv Teev Npe rau koj. Xyoo 1854, tus tshaj tawm Joseph Bry luam tawm Rabelais, ua piv txwv nrog ntau pua daim ntawv sau los ntawm Doré. Xyoo 1873, Gustave yuav tso tawm lwm qhov ntawm cov duab kos rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Fabkis.

Hauv xyoo 1854, nyob rau hauv kev kho ntawm Joseph Bry, phau ntawv "Paris menagerie" tau luam tawm txog lub neej ntawm lub peev nrog 99 grotesque drawings thiab 14 engravings los ntawm Gustave Dore. Tab sis tus nqi qis no nrog cov ntawv luam tawm tsis zoo thiab cov qauv me me tsis sib xws nrog kev xav siab ntawm tus kws kos duab. Ua ntau thiab nrov dua, ntawm 1852 thiab 1883 nws tau piav qhia ntau dua 120 phau ntawv, uas tau tshwm sim thawj zaug hauv Fabkis, tom qab ntawd hauv tebchaws Askiv, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Russia.

History of Holy Russia

Phau ntawv tau luam tawm thaum lub sijhawm Crimean kev sib tw xyoo 1854, nws muaj ntau dua 500 cov duab thiab suav tias yog kev tshaj tawm nom tswv. Nws yog Doré thawj zaug ua haujlwm loj, thiab dhau los ua nws tsuas yog kev nom kev tswv thiab kawg album ntawm satire. Tus kws kos duab, hauv daim duab zoo nkauj caricature, ua tus piav qhia thiab piav qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm Russia, lub teb chaws tawm tsam Fabkis thiab Askiv tau ua tub rog. Lub album tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib tug dav nationalist zog ntawm thaum pibCrimean Tsov rog thiab revived lub Western cliché ntawm Lavxias teb sab "barbarism". Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov duab nraaj zoo kawg nkaus, cov duab lom zem thiab cov lus piav qhia tsis zoo, Dore piav qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm Russia, ntshav siab thiab lim hiam, los ntawm nws keeb kwm mus rau lub sijhawm ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam tam sim no. Tab sis qhov comical xwm ntawm tsov rog scenes, tua neeg tua neeg thiab tsim txom tsuas yog ua rau luag nyav, tsis ntshai. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm tau txais koob meej zoo kawg hauv Fab Kis tam sim ntawd tom qab nws tshaj tawm.

Hone your skills

Nyob rau xyoo 1856, Gustave Doré txoj kev muaj tswv yim zoo hauv cov duab kos duab ntawm kev luam tawm tshwm sim. Kev piav qhia Grenier zaj paj huam "Lub Wandering Jew", teem rau suab paj nruag los ntawm Pierre Dupont, tus kws kos duab txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov xim ntoo. Nws cov kev tsim kho tshiab tau ua rau nws tuaj yeem pleev xim nrog cov xim pleev xim ncaj qha rau ntawm cov ntoo ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm thiab ua tiav cov xim tsis kawg ntawm cov tones, ze rau cov xim pleev xim. Txhua lub phaj nrog ib daim duab thiab kab luv luv los ntawm ib zaj paj huam tau dhau los ua kev kos duab. Txoj hauj lwm no suav tias yog kev vam meej hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev kos duab, thiab nws tsim nyog tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau pej xeem.

Fed up with cartoons and cartoons for the news, the talented engraver and artist Gustave Doré tau txiav txim siab los qhia nws cov txuj ci hauv kev ua duab rau cov ntawv nyeem zoo. Xav kom muab tso rau hauv tib hom ntawv raws li Cov Neeg Yudais Wandering, nws sau cov npe ntawm peb caug phau ntawv masterpieces, ntawm cov uas yog Dante's Inferno, Don Quixote, Perro's fairy tales, tej hauj lwm ntawm Homer, Virgil, Aristotle, Milton, Shakespeare. Cov tshaj tawm tsis kam ua cov ntawv tshaj tawm zoo nkauj no vim tias lawv yuav tsum kim dhau. Doré ua haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab rau Inferno los ntawm Dante's Divine Comedy thiab tshaj tawm lawv tus kheej hauv xyoo 1861. Qhov kev vam meej ntawm kev tshaj tawm tau dhau los ntawm txhua qhov kev cia siab, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov kev tshuaj xyuas: "Tus sau (Dante) raug tsoo los ntawm tus neeg sau ntawv. Ntau tshaj Dante Illustrated los ntawm Doré yog Doré illustrating Dante."

Peak of Success

Xyoo 1860 yog lub xyoo uas muaj neeg coob tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Gustave Dore. Lub xyoo caum pib nrog lub fact tias nyob rau lub yim hli ntuj 13, 1861 tus kws kos duab tau muab tsub lub Order of the Legion of Honour. Qhov no tau ua raws li kev taug kev mus rau Spain hauv 1861 thiab 1862 nrog Baron Deville, uas ua rau muaj cov ntawv sau nrog cov duab kos los ntawm Doré "Travels in Spain" thiab "Fighting Bulls", luam tawm los ntawm 1862 txog 1873 hauv phau ntawv xov xwm Le Tour du monde.. Gustave Dore tau ua haujlwm ntev heev ntawm cov duab rau phau Vajlugkub, uas tau luam tawm xyoo 1866 thiab tau los ua tus kws kos duab nto moo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, dhau ib xyoo caum, nws tsim cov duab zoo nkauj rau cov haujlwm zoo li no:

• Shakespeare's The Tempest (1860) nrog tsib engravings;
• "Neeg" (1861) nrog 76 dluab, "Purgatory thiab Paradise" (1868) nrog 60 illustrations rau Dante's "Divine Comedy";
• Txoj Kev Lom Zem ntawm Munchausen los ntawm Burger (1862) nrog 158 dluab;
• Don Quixote los ntawm Cervantes (1863) nrog 377 illustrations;
• Atala los ntawm Chateaubriand (1863) nrog 44 daim duab;
• "Kev yos hav zoov rau tsov ntxhuav thiab panthers hauv Africa" Benjamin Gastineau (1863) nrog 17 engravings ntawmtsob ntoo;
• "Sinbad the Sailor" (1865) with 20 illustrations;
• "Captain Fracasse" Gauthier (1866) nrog 60 daim duab;
• Hugo's Toilers of the Hiav Txwv (1867) nrog 22 illustrations;
• 9 Tales los ntawm Charles Perrault (1867);
• Lafontaine's fables (1868) nrog 248 daim duab;
• Idylls of the King by Tennyson (1868) with 37 prints.

Painting

Thiab thoob plaws nws txoj haujlwm muaj tswv yim, Dore tau sib npaug sib npaug los ntawm nws txoj kev nyiam rau kev kos duab thiab kos duab, pom tsis muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm lawv. Nws tsim cov canvases loj xws li Dante nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj ntawm Hell (1861), Lub Riddle los yog Tswv Yexus Tawm hauv Praetorium (1867-1872). Cov neeg thuam feem ntau thuam tus kws kos duab rau qhov tseeb tias nws cov duab kos tsuas yog nthuav dav nrog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv Dora, cov phiaj xwm dav dav, décor thiab posing ntawm cov cim. Qhov kev txiav txim no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau Dore, uas poob siab ntawm kev lees paub tias yog ib tug neeg pleev kob.

lus Askiv

Lub koob meej ntawm Doré cov ntawv luam tawm thiab kos duab tau nthuav dav thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe. Tus kws kos duab tau ntsib nrog kev vam meej ntawm London exhibition nyob rau hauv 1869. Nws nyob hauv London tau ntau lub hlis los tsim cov duab kos duab ntawm British peev rau Grant & Co. Nws cov duab kos duab tau mus txog qhov kawg hauv kev tsim ntawm London: Ib Pilgrimage los ntawm William Blanchard. Thiab cov duab kos rau Samuel Coleridge zaj paj huam Lub Rime ntawm Ancient Mariner (1875) yog ib qho ntawm cov kws kos duab zoo tshaj plaws.

Illustrated los ntawm Gustave Doré los ntawm 1872 txog thaum kawgLub neej ntawm tus tswv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog tej hauj lwm:

• London: Ib Pilgrimage los ntawm William Blanchard (1872), 180 duab;
• Milton's Paradise Poob (1874), 50 illustrations;
• London los ntawm Luis Hainault (1876), 174 luam;
• "History of the Crusades" Michaud (1877), 100 prints;
• Frantic Roland los ntawm Ariosto (1878), 668 illustrations;
• Tus Raven los ntawm Edgar Allan Poe (1883), 23 engravings.

Nws tsis paub yog vim li cas, tab sis tsis zoo li qee zaum sau, Dore tsis tau piav qhia ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm Jules Verne.

Kev tuag

Gustave Dore tuag ntawm lub plawv nres thaum muaj hnub nyoog 51 xyoos thaum Lub Ib Hlis 23, 1883. Nws tau tso tseg ib qho keeb kwm zoo kawg nkaus uas ntau tshaj kaum txhiab ua haujlwm. Nws tus phooj ywg, tus thawj coj tub rog Fab Kis Fab Kis Ferdinand Foch, tau teeb tsa kev pabcuam hauv Parisian Catholic Church, Basilica ntawm Saint Clotilde, lub ntees tuag nyob rau hauv Père Lachaise thiab noj mov nyob rau ntawm 73 Rue Saint-Dominique.

Hauv xyoo 1931, Henri Leblanc tau luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tshawb fawb-yog vim li cas, teev 9850 cov duab kos, 68 lub npe suab paj nruag, 5 daim ntawv tshaj tawm, 51 thawj lithographs, 54 cov duab kos, 526 cwjmem thiab tus cwj mem kos duab, 2813 xim dej thiab kos duab. sculptures los ntawm Gustave Doré. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Bourg-en-Bresse tuav cov haujlwm ntau tshaj plaws los ntawm tus txiv neej zoo tshaj no: 136 cov duab kos duab roj, kos duab, duab puab.