2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Rau lub sijhawm ntev hauv Russia, cov tub rog ywj pheej tau hu ua Cossacks. Thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog, cov neeg nyiam kev ywj pheej, sib zog ua kom muaj kev sib cais thiab kev ywj pheej, ua ib feem loj ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias. Cov cwj pwm thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Cossacks tau raug ntes nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev sau ntawv. Thiab tom qab ntawd koj yuav kawm txog cov phau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws txog Cossacks.
Lub Quiet Flows lub Don los ntawm Mikhail Sholokhov
Mikhail Sholokhov tau txais txiaj ntsig Nobel nqi zog rau nws cov ntawv tshiab The Quiet Flows the Flows Flows. Lub protagonist ntawm phau ntawv yog Don Cossack Grigory Melekhov. Tus nyeem ntawv saib Gregory txij thaum yau mus rau cov neeg laus, koom nrog nws hauv cov xwm txheej keeb kwm zoo (Thawj Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog, kiv puag ncig thiab Tsov Rog Tsov Rog). Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm nyuaj no, thaum txhua leej txhua tus tau ntsib ib qho kev xaiv: nws sab yuav tsum tau - liab los yog dawb, Grigory Melekhov tsis muaj peev xwm coj ib tug meej txoj hauj lwm, txij li thaum nws tsis txhawb kev ua ntawm ob tog. Sholokhov piav qhia txog nws tus phab ej ua "tus neeg ntxiv" uas tsis haum rau nws lub sijhawm thiab nrhiav tsis tau nws qhov chaw hauv nws.
Kev txawj ntawm Mikhail Sholokhov tau pom meej meej hauv cov lus piav qhia tseeb hauv phau ntawv no txog Don Cossacks ntawm cov xwm txheej keeb kwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws,uas tau tawg rau hauv qhov ntsuas thiab ntsuas lub neej ntawm cov neeg zoo tib yam, tsoo txoj hmoo, ua rau lub neej ploj, tig mus rau nag hmo cov phooj ywg ntawm ib leeg. Nrog kev txaus ntshai thiab rhiab heev, tus sau sau txog qhov zoo nkauj ntawm Don, qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm haiv neeg.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev hlub ntawm Grigory thiab Aksinya, uas cov cim nqa los ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, kev tuag thiab kev txom nyem, khiav los ntawm tag nrho cov tshiab.
Taras Bulba los ntawm Nikolai Gogol
Ib phau ntawv nto moo tshaj plaws txog Zaporizhzhya Cossacks yog zaj dab neeg ntawm Nikolai Gogol "Taras Bulba". Nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg, tus sau colorfully thiab truthfully qhia txog lub neej, kev lis kev cai thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Ukrainian Cossacks-Cossacks. Gogol tsis poeticize Cossack lub neej: lawv lub neej nyob kaj siab lug nyob rau hauv txhua txhua hnub muaj kev qaug dej qaug cawv thiab revelry, lawv cov tub rog phiaj los nqis tes yog txawv los ntawm unjustified siab phem lim hiam. Phau ntawv keeb kwm no hais txog Cossacks yog raws li cov xwm txheej tiag tiag.
thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Taras Bulba yog Cossack colonel. Nws cov tub Ostap thiab Andriy tuaj rau nws, uas kawm tiav lawv cov kev kawm hauv Kyiv. Leej txiv txiav txim siab mus nrog nws cov tub mus rau lub Zaporizhzhya Sich, uas yog desperately tawm tsam los ntawm lub hwj chim niam. Txawm hais tias nws thov thiab ntuas, Taras Bulba tawm nrog nws cov tub.
Nyob hauv Sich, Taras tsa Cossacks ntawm kev sib tw tawm tsam cov Poles, uas ua rau cov pej xeem ntshai. Polish conquerors nrog senseless phem lim hiam tua cov poj niam defenseless thiab dawb huv cov me nyuam, nyiag thiab hlawv lub zos. Tab sis cov Cossacks ua siab loj tawm tsam nrog cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog.
Cov tub ntawm Taras tau dhau los ua tub rog muaj koob meej. Cov qub Cossack zoo siab rau lawv. Tab sis tus tub hlobAndriy, ntau rhiab heev thiab romantic tshaj tus laus Ostap, ntxeev siab rau nws comrades, mus rau sab ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tawm ntawm kev hlub rau ib tug zoo nkauj noble poj niam Polish. Leej txiv zam txim tsis tau rau nws tus tub, thiab tsis kam muab nws tua ua rog.
Ostap raug ntes los ntawm Ncej, Taras Bulba tsis muaj zog saib nws qhov kev ua phem rau cov neeg coob coob. Tsis ntev cov Ncej tswj tau ntes thiab tua Taras. Ua ntej nws tuag, tus qub Cossack kwv yees txog kev sib sau ua ke ntawm Lavxias teb sab av, kev tuag ntawm cov yeeb ncuab thiab kev kov yeej ntawm Orthodox Christianity.
Nrog Hluav Taws thiab Ntaj los ntawm Henryk Sienkiewicz
thawj keeb kwm tshiab los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Polish nto moo Henryk Sienkiewicz. "Nrog Hluav Taws Xob thiab Ntaj" yog ib phau ntawv tsis tseeb txog Cossacks-Cossacks, uas, coj los ntawm Bohdan Khmelnitsky, tsa kev tawm tsam tawm tsam Tebchaws Meskas. Thiab txawm hais tias cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tshiab-trilogy yog Polish gentry, Zaporizhzhya Cossacks tau piav qhia hauv cov ntsiab lus zoo thiab muaj xim zoo nkauj.
Txawm hais tias qhov xwm txheej tau piav qhia, phau ntawv muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev taug txuj kev nyuaj tshiab: kev hlub twists thiab tig, caum, sib ntaus.
Emelyan Pugachev los ntawm Vyacheslav Shishkov
Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no txog Cossacks, tus sau piav qhia txog keeb kwm muaj tseeb txog cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua tsov rog neeg ua rog coj los ntawm Don Cossack Yemelyan Pugachev. Ua kom zoo dua ntawm kev ntseeg ntawm cov neeg uas tua Emperor Peter III tseem ciaj sia, Pugachev tshaj tawm nws tus kheej yog tus huab tais tseem muaj sia nyob.
Ob leeg hauv lub neej thiab hauv phau ntawv, Emelyan Pugachev yog tus neeg tsis meej pem. Rau cov tub ceev xwm, nws yog tub sab, rau qhov yooj yimneeg - ib tug mlom. Lub sijhawm sib txawv, tus cwj pwm ntawm nws tus cwj pwm tau hloov pauv. Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, piv txwv li, Yemelyan tau suav hais tias yog ib tug hero uas tau tawm tsam kom lub neej zoo rau cov neeg. Tsuas yog ib qho yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg: qhov ntsuas ntawm Pugachev tus cwj pwm, uas tau tswj hwm cov neeg coob coob, uas tiv thaiv lub tswv yim ntawm kev tso cov neeg ua qhev.
Phau ntawv no hais txog Cossacks tau nyeem yooj yim heev thiab nthuav, yuam cov neeg nyeem kom nkag siab nrog cov phab ej, npau taws ntawm kev tsis ncaj ncees, cov neeg raug tsim txom tsis tu ncua uas yog tib neeg. Nyob rau hauv qhov tshiab, qhov chaw loj yog muab rau Yaik Cossacks.
"Peb Me Paris" los ntawm Viktor Likhonosov
Phau ntawv no piav qhia nrog kev sov siab tshaj lub neej ntawm Ekaterinodar (hnub no Krasnodar) - lub peev ntawm Kuban Cossacks. Rov tsim cov xwm txheej ntawm lig 19th - thaum ntxov 20th centuries, Likhonosov qhia txog txoj hmoo ntawm ob qho tib si zoo kawg li, tab sis cov neeg tsis paub, thiab cov neeg tseem ceeb uas nkag mus rau keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog thiab lub teb chaws.
"Bayazet" los ntawm Valentin Pikul
"Bayazet" yog ib qho ntawm cov dab neeg nyiam tshaj plaws los ntawm Valentin Pikul. Nws yuav xav txog qhov txaus ntshai, tab sis nplooj ntawv heroic ntawm Lavxias-Turkish tsov rog - lub rooj zaum Bayazet. Phau ntawv tshiab piav txog cov xwm txheej keeb kwm tseeb. Qee cov cim, tshwj xeeb yog tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb Andrei Karabanov, yog qhov tseeb los ntawm Valentin Pikul, tab sis ntau tus muaj cov qauv tiag.
Ua ke nrog cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias, lub fortress tau ntshai tsam tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kab Cossacks (xws li cov Kuban).
Pom zoo:
Muag Khoom Zoo Tshaj Plaws: Cov Qauv Suab Nkauj, Kev Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij thiab Kev Muag Khoom
Ntau lub sijhawm dhau los, tib neeg tsis siv discs, cassettes lossis cov ntaub ntawv yas, nyiam mloog nkauj hauv Is Taws Nem. Thiab tsuas yog cov kiv cua nyiam tshaj plaws tau luam tawm ntawm lub cev tawm, vim tias txoj kev no koj tuaj yeem txhawb nqa tus kws kos duab thiab ua rau lub cim xeeb ntawm cov khoom tom ntej. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov qeb duas ntawm cov khoom muag zoo tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm noob neej, cia mus
Cov phau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws txog kev hlub: ib daim ntawv teev npe. Cov phau ntawv nrov txog kev hlub thawj zaug
Nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv zoo yog qhov nyuaj heev, thiab txhua tus neeg nyiam ua haujlwm zoo paub qhov no ua ntej. Phau ntawv hais txog kev hlub yeej ib txwm txhawb nqa thiab yuav ua rau muaj kev txaus siab ntawm cov hluas thiab cov laus. Yog tias koj tau nrhiav kev ua haujlwm zoo uas qhia txog kev hlub zoo thiab dawb huv, kev nyuaj siab thiab kev sim siab uas ntsib koj tus hlub rau lub sijhawm ntev, tshawb xyuas cov npe ntawm cov haujlwm nrov tshaj plaws thiab nto moo tshaj plaws txog kev kaj siab hauv txhua tus neeg
Phau ntawv loj tshaj hauv ntiaj teb. Phau ntawv nthuav tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Phau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb
Puas muaj peev xwm xav txog tib neeg yam tsis muaj phau ntawv, txawm hais tias nws tau nyob tsis muaj nws rau feem ntau ntawm nws lub neej? Tej zaum tsis yog, ib yam li nws tsis tuaj yeem xav txog keeb kwm ntawm txhua yam uas muaj nyob yam tsis muaj kev paub zais cia hauv kev sau ntawv
Daim ntawv teev cov neeg tshawb nrhiav zoo tshaj plaws (cov phau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st). Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws detective phau ntawv: ib daim ntawv teev. Detectives: ib daim ntawv teev cov kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws
Cov kab lus sau cov neeg tshawb nrhiav zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov kws sau ntawv ntawm hom kev ua txhaum cai, uas nws cov haujlwm yuav tsis tso tseg tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm tus kiv cua ntawm kev ua yeeb yam
Lavxias teb sab science ntawv tseeb kws sau ntawv Andrey Kruz: phau ntawv sau txog keeb kwm, phau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws
Cov phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Andrei Cruz yog nplua nuj thiab ntau yam. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav qhia koj txog cov haujlwm tseem ceeb uas koj tuaj yeem ua kom pom tag nrho ntawm tus sau no. Cia peb tham txog nws txoj hauj lwm thiab koj tus kheej lub neej
