Artist Bakst Lev Samoilovich: biography, creativity

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Bakst Lev yog ib tug Belarusian los ntawm keeb kwm, Lavxias teb sab ntsuj plig, uas nyob rau ntau xyoo nyob rau hauv Fabkis, paub nyob rau hauv keeb kwm raws li ib tug zoo heev Lavxias teb sab artist, ua yeeb yam duab kos duab, tsim designer. Nws txoj hauj lwm cia siab tias yuav muaj ntau yam kev xav ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th hauv kev kos duab, nws muab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev xav, niaj hnub thiab cov cim. Bakst yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau stylish thiab sophisticated Lavxias teb sab kws ua yeeb yam ntawm lub lem ntawm lub xyoo pua, uas muaj lub hwj chim tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv domestic, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no kab lis kev cai.

tsev neeg thiab menyuam yaus

Bakst Lev Samoylovich yug hauv 1866 rau hauv tsev neeg Orthodox Jewish hauv Belarusian nroog Grodno. Tsev neeg tau loj, nrog cov thawj coj yawg koob. Nws txiv yog ib tug kws tshawb fawb Talmudic, nws kuj tau koom nrog kev lag luam, nws cov nyiaj tau los tsawg, yog li ntawd nws tus tub feem ntau tuaj xyuas nws yawg hauv St. Nws nplua nuj txaus, nws yog ib tus kws txiav plaub hau, nws nyiam cov khoom kim heev thiab kev sib raug zoo, nws coj lub neej Parisian, uas nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv nyiam heev. Nws yog ib tug zoo ua yeeb yaminstilled no passion rau Leo. Nws yog nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm nws yawg hais tias tus tub hluas yuav siv lub xeem lub npe Bakst, shortening nws me ntsis, es tsis txhob ntawm nws tiag tiag - Rosenberg, uas zoo li nws tsis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov poetic. Txawm tias thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus, yav tom ntej tus kws kos duab nyiam ua si scenes ntawm nws tus kheej muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws cov viv ncaus, tus me nyuam tub muaj kev npau taws heev thiab pom tseeb inclinations rau kev kos duab.

Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Kawm

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12 xyoos nws yeej qhov kev sib tw rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws portrait ntawm A. Zhukovsky hauv gymnasium. Bakst Lev ua npau suav ntawm kev kawm tha xim, tab sis nws txiv tsis paub txog kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg hauv lub neej xws li kev kos duab, thiab ntev ntev tus tub hluas yuav tsum tau ua rau nws nyiam ua haujlwm zais cia, thaum hmo ntuj. Raws li kev sib cav zaum kawg, kuv txiv tau txiav txim siab nug tus kws kos duab Mark Antokolsky rau cov lus qhia; kos duab ntawm tus neeg pleev kob yav tom ntej raug xa mus rau nws hauv Paris. Thiab thaum tau txais cov lus teb tias tus kws sau txuj ci tau pom meej hauv tej hauj lwm, leej txiv tau tso tseg.

Xyoo 1883, tus tub hluas nkag mus rau St. Petersburg Academy of Arts ua haujlwm pub dawb. Lev Bakst, uas nws biography yog tam sim no mus ib txhis nrog kev kos duab, kawm nrog xws li cov kws qhia ntawv xws li Chistyakov, Asknaziya, Veniga, qhia tau zoo rau plaub lub xyoos. Txawm li cas los xij, tau poob qhov kev sib tw ntawm academy rau ib qho khoom plig nyiaj, tus tub hluas tawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nws txoj hauj lwm raug hla tawm ntawm cov npe ntawm cov neeg koom vim qhov tseeb tias tag nrho cov cim hauv phau Vajlugkub muaj cov neeg Yudais. Tus kws kos duab no ua tsis tau. Cov txuj ci kev kos duab uas tau txais hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau nws yav tom ntej.

Nrhiav ib txoj hauv kev kos duab

Tawm nws txoj kev kawm, Bakst Lev raug yuam mus nrhiav haujlwm, nws txiv tuag, thiab nws yuav tsum tau pab tsev neeg, uas yog txhawb nqa los ntawm nws yawg. Nws tau txais kev pab los ntawm qhov tseeb tias txawm tias thaum nws kawm nws tau sib txuas ntawm lub tsev luam ntawv, qhov chaw nws pib kos cov phau ntawv pheej yig. Txoj hauj lwm no tsis ua rau nws txaus siab, tab sis nws coj tau nyiaj. Xyoo 1890, nws tau los ze rau Benois cov kwv tij, lawv tau qhia Bakst rau lub voj voog ntawm cov hluas muaj tswv yim zoo. Nyob rau hauv lawv tus cwj pwm, tus artist nyiam watercolor. Nws yog lub voj voog no, uas tom qab ntawd yuav loj hlob mus rau hauv lub koom haum kos duab "World of Art", uas zoo li Bakst txoj kev xav thiab nws cov kev taw qhia hauv kev pleev xim. Xyoo 1891, Lev tau mus ncig txawv teb chaws thawj zaug, nws tau mus ncig lub teb chaws Yelemees, Ltalis, Belgium thiab Fabkis, mus xyuas cov tsev cia puav pheej. Los ntawm 1893 mus rau 1896 nws kawm nyob rau hauv lub studio ntawm Fabkis ntxias nyob rau hauv Paris. Lub sijhawm no, Leo tau txais nws thawj koob meej raws li tus neeg pleev xim dej zoo.

Bakst the portrait painter

Tus kws kos duab Lev Bakst raug yuam kom ua tiav cov lus txib uas tsis ua rau nws txaus siab. Nws so thiab embodied nws lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv portraits, uas yog maj ua nrov. Lawv tau qhia txog tus cwj pwm zoo ntawm tus kws kos duab, nws cov txuj ci raws li tus kws sau ntawv thiab muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau kev xav ntawm tus cwj pwm. Pib los pleev xim rau hauv 1896, nws hloov mus rau hom ntawv no thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej. Ntawm nws cov hauj lwm zoo tshaj plaws yog cov duab ntawm A. Benois, I. Levitan, cov hauj lwm paub tab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, portraits ntawm Z. Gippius, I. Rubinstein, S. Diaghilev nrog nws tus nais maum, J. Cocteau, V. Zucchini. Feem ntau ntawm cov artist lub tswv yim cuab yeej cuab tam yog tsim los ntawm drawings, nws uasketches ntawm lub ntsej muag uas nyiam nws cov xim, kos duab portraits ntawm cov neeg paub thiab cov phooj ywg.

Bakst the painter

Lev Bakst, uas nws cov duab kos tau tawm tsam ntau yam, sim ntau yam nrog cov txheej txheem pleev xim. Nws tuaj yeem sau nrog cov hlab ntsha tuab, lossis nws tuaj yeem tsim cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj nrog kev pab ntawm glazing. Nws ua hauj lwm me me nyob rau hauv hom toj roob hauv pes, tab sis cov hauj lwm muaj qhia lub impressionist lub zeem muag ntawm cov artist. Nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm "Zoo Zoo", "Olive Grove", "Sunflowers nyob rau hauv lub hnub" ib tug xav tias lub teeb thiab huab cua ntawm xwm, tus sau lub optimistic ntiaj teb no saib yog conveyed. Lev Bakst, nws qhov kev nthuav qhia niaj hnub no tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke ntau tus kiv cua ntawm nws txoj haujlwm hauv txhua lub nroog hauv ntiaj teb, tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab rau nws tus kheej ua tus neeg pleev kob. Nws yooj yim heev succumbed rau kev cuam tshuam los ntawm sab nraud thiab tsis tsim kom meej meej, tus kheej ntawm kev sau ntawv. Tab sis lub undoubted masterpieces yog nws tej hauj lwm "Noj hmo", "Nyob rau hauv ib tug café", "Ancient ntshai heev."

Bakst and theatre

Feem ntau, Bakst Lev Samoilovich tau qhia nws cov txuj ci hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Nws nyiam daim duab no heev. Lev Bakst, uas nws exhibition ntawm theatrical scenery thiab costumes yog invariably nrog ib tug tag nrho lub tsev, ua hauj lwm ntau thiab zoo siab rau lub S. Diaghilev Theatre. Nws ci ntsa iab tsim cov ballets Scheherazade, Cleopatra, Narcissus, thiab Firebird. Bakst tau los ua tus kws sau ntawv tiag tiag ntawm cov tsom iav, organically embodying tus thawj coj lub tswv yim hauv scenery, teeb pom kev zoo, costumes. Txij li thaum xyoo 1910 tus kws kos duab nyob hauv Paris thiab koom tes nrog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm S. Diaghilev. Nws yog kev koom tes nrog nws uas Bakst ua tiavlub kiv puag ncig tiag tiag hauv scenography thiab theatrical tsim.

Ntau txuj ci

Bakst Lev tsis tsuas yog ua pov thawj nws tus kheej hauv kev kos duab thiab duab kos duab, qhov tseeb, nws yog tus tsim qauv. Nws feem ntau tsim cov khaub ncaws, thiab tsis yog rau theem xwb. Nws yog nws uas tuaj nrog lub cim, raws li lawv yuav hais hnub no, lub logo, rau lub ntiaj teb ntawm Art magazine. Nws tsim sab hauv tsim rau cov poj niam zoo nkauj 'boudoir, rau thaj chaw ntawm Diaghilev entreprise. Bakst kuj tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov khoom nthuav qhia. Ua haujlwm ntawm cov ris tsho ua yeeb yam, Lev nrhiav pom cov txuj ci ntawm tus kws kos duab, nws kos duab kos duab ntawm poj niam cov khaub ncaws thiab dhau los ua tus nyiam tshaj plaws hauv Art Nouveau style. Nws kuj tau los ua ib tug xib hwb zoo. Elizaveta Zvantseva caw Bakst mus rau nws lub tsev kawm ntawv kos duab hauv xyoo 1900, qhov uas nws tau sim pab cov tub ntxhais hluas cov txuj ci nrhiav lawv tus kheej hauv kev kos duab. Nws yog nws thawj zaug pom cov txuj ci hauv nws tus tub kawm - Marc Chagall.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Lev Bakst, nws cov duab kos tau zoo li no thiab ua rau nws muaj koob meej, tsis muaj hmoo hauv nws tus kheej lub neej. Nws thawj txoj kev hlub rau Fabkis actress Marcel Josset tsis zoo siab heev. Nws tsuas yog ua tsaug rau qhov kev tawm mus ntawm tus kws kos duab los ntawm Paris. Nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, nws poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog tus ntxhais ntawm P. Tretyakov, uas los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd yog ib tug poj ntsuam nrog ib tug me nyuam nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes. Bakst lees txais Lutheranism thiaj li yuav tau nws tus hlub. Kev sib yuav ua tsis tiav, txawm hais tias tus tub ntawm tus kws kos duab, Andrei, yug hauv nws. Cov khub niam txiv tau siv sijhawm ntau sib nrug thiab thaum kawg sib nrauj hauv xyoo 1910. Tab sis nws txuas ntxiv ua phooj ywg nrog nws tus qub poj niam thiab tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv, xyoo 1921 lawvkev caw tuaj yeem tawm ntawm Soviet Union thiab nyob hauv Paris.

Nyob rau xyoo kawg ntawm nws lub neej, Bakst tau ua haujlwm ntau hauv Paris, Asmeskas, Askiv, qhov no ua rau nws noj qab haus huv, thiab thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 28, 1924 nws tuag tam sim ntawd.