Fradkin Mark - pej xeem neeg sau ntawv

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Fradkin Mark Grigoryevich (1914-1990) tau dhau los ua lub neej nyuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum yau thiab hluas. Tab sis nws tau dhau los ua ib tus kws sau nkauj nto moo thiab nyiam, nrog rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws suav tias nws yog kev hwm rau kev ua haujlwm - M. Magomayev, L. Zykina thiab ntau lwm tus.

Fradkin Mark yug hauv tsev neeg ntawm ob tus kws kho mob Yudais hauv Vitebsk. Thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog Civil lawv tsiv mus rau Kursk. Mark tsis muaj hnub nyoog xya xyoo thaum nws txiv, Grigory Fradkin, raug tua los ntawm White Guards. Tom qab ntawd nws txaus tsuas yog xav tias ib tus neeg cuam tshuam nrog Reds, thiab tsis tas yuav muaj pov thawj tshwj xeeb. Tom qab ntawd, coj nws tus tub, Evgenia Mironovna rov qab mus rau Vitebsk. Nyob ntawd nws tuag thaum nws txoj hauj lwm los ntawm cov neeg German thaum tsov rog xyoo, zoo li yuav luag txhua tus neeg Yudais.

Thiab ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, nws tsa nws tus tub, uas nyiam kev tshawb fawb tiag tiag thiab nkag mus rau polytechnic, thiab tom qab ntawd pib ua haujlwm ua tus kws tshaj lij ntawm lub Hoobkas tsoos tsho. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas club Fradkin Mark koom nyob rau hauv ib tug ua yeeb yam pab pawg neeg. Thiab ob xyoos tom qab, kev ua haujlwm engineering tsis nco qab lawm. Mark raug lees txais rau hauv pawg ua yeeb yam.

Leningrad thiab Minsk

Xyoo 1934, Fradkin nkag mus rau Leningradtheatre lub koom haum thiab mam li nco dheev pib sau nkauj thiab nkauj rau cov tub ntxhais kawm productions. Tom qab kawm tiav, nws ua haujlwm ntawm Minsk Theatre rau Cov Neeg Hluas.

Tab sis nws tab tom pib kos suab paj nruag heev. Yog li ntawd, thaum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam, nyob rau hauv 1938-1939 nws kawm nyob rau hauv lub Belarusian Conservatory, kawm txog kev muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ib xyoos, tau kawg, nws tsis muaj sij hawm los kawm txhua yam. Nws tsuas yog hais tias tag nrho nws lub neej tom qab nws muaj tswv yim ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej, hloov pauv tas li, tsis nyob twj ywm, yog li nws cov nkauj yeej ib txwm nyob nrog lub sijhawm lossis, ntxiv rau, dhau los ua neeg nyiam tiag tiag, piv txwv li, "Volga Flows."

Tsov Rog

Xyoo 1939 Mark Fradkin tau raug tsim kho rau hauv tub rog. Cov lus txib ntawm rab phom phom uas nws tau ua haujlwm qhia nws kom npaj ib qho kev ua si sib tw. Thiab txij li xyoo 1941 txog 1943, nws txoj haujlwm yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm pawg tub rog hauv nroog Kyiv, ua yeeb yam nyob rau pem hauv ntej nrog concerts. Thawj zaj nkauj, sau nyob rau hauv 1941, thaum nws ntsib tus kws sau paj lug E. Dolmatovsky, hu ua "Lub Nkauj ntawm Dnieper". Tom qab ntawd peb cov tub rog tawm hauv Ukraine. Tab sis xws li ib tug sib sib zog nqus txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv yeej suab nyob rau hauv zaj nkauj uas thaum Marshal Timoshenko hnov nws, nws tshem tawm lub Order ntawm lub hnub qub liab thiab muab nws mus rau lub composer. Fradkin Mark thiab Dolmatovsky tau sau ob peb zaj nkauj ntxiv txog kev ua tsov ua rog. Lawv cov nkauj, ua yeeb yam los ntawm L. Utyosov, tau nrov heev - "Random W altz" thiab "Bryansk Street".

Moscow

Xyoo 1944, Fradkin tsiv mus rau Moscow. Nws raug lees txais rau hauv Union of Composers. Thiab, hmoov zoo, tsis muaj leej twg them nyiaj rau qhov tsis tiavcomposer's musical education. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias txhua zaj nkauj tshiab dhau los ua ib qho kev tshwm sim. Cov me nyuam ntawm Mark Fradkin yog, ntawm chav kawm, nws cov nkauj. Nws ib txwm nrhiav kev daws teeb meem tshiab. Qee zaum nws txawm sau paj huam rau nws cov nkauj. Piv txwv li, ib zaj nkauj uas pib nrog cov lus "Lub cua daj cua dub swept lub sills, hmoov." Nws muaj lub ntsej muag rau cov kws sau paj huam uas nws xav tau los ua haujlwm nrog. M. Matusovsky tau nto moo los ntawm thawj zaj nkauj "Kuv rov qab mus rau kuv lub tebchaws". Thiab Fradkin sau nkauj rau nws.

Songwriter M. Plyatskovsky tsim nrog Mark Grigorievich nws cov nkauj tseem ceeb - "Kuv mam li coj koj mus rau tundra", "Morse code", "Red Nees". Thiab lawv nyiam zaj nkauj li cas rau cov lus ntawm N. Rylenkov "Ib tug ntxhais taug kev hla teb"! Cov no yog cov nkauj Mark Fradkin sau tsis muaj kev kawm suab paj nruag! Nws cov suab paj nruag ntws ncaj nraim rau hauv tus ntsuj plig.

Qee yam nyuaj

Tsim cov nkauj, nws siv cov suab paj nruag uas xav tsis thoob, tab sis nws tsis nco qab tias qee yam cuab yeej hu ua raug. Nws tuaj yeem taw tes rau lub bassoon thiab hais tias cia lub trumpet liab ua si. Thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm claviers! Qhov no yog ib qho nyuaj. Ib tug ntawm cov neeg kho suab paj nruag, tom qab zaum tag nrho ib hnub nrog Mark Grigoryevich cov ntawv sau tshiab, tawm ntawm qhov chaw sau ntawv thiab ntsib nws nrog nws tus poj niam, Raisa Markovna.

Tus kws kho mob pib qhia txog qhov teeb meem uas nws tau ntsib, nkag mus rau hauv txhua qhov suab paj nruag subtleties thiab nuances. Fradkin tau mloog thiab ua rau tsaus muag ua ntej nws ob lub qhov muag. Qhov xwm txheej tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm tus poj niam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws sau nkauj, uas txhua tus hlub thiab hwm. Nws tsuas hais tias: “Tab sis vim li cas koj thiaj mob hnyav? Koj paub tias Mark tso siab rau koj npaum li cas. Yog vim li casua qhov koj xav tias yog lawm."

Feem ntau, muaj kev hlub thiab hwm tus cwj pwm ntawm Raisa Markovna hauv cov suab paj nruag, siab heev uas muaj ib hnub ntawm tus sau kev hais kwv txhiaj ntawm Fradkin I. Kobzon hauv Rossiya Hall ua ntej qhov kev ua yeeb yam "Tender Song" tshaj tawm tias Nws mob siab rau Raisa Markovna. Ces I. Kobzon muaj teeb meem. Qhov kev tshwm sim no yog officially, thiab tus kheej nyiam raug suav hais tias tsis tsim nyog ntawm no.

Nyob hauv tsev

Tatyana Tarasova ntsib nws yav tom ntej tus txiv, pianist Vladimir Krainev, hauv Fradkin lub tsev tos txais qhua. Nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa yog sau los ntawm Lavxias teb sab Wanderers.

Raisa Markovna hnav khaub ncaws zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov tsho tiv no, hnav pob zeb diamond. Lawv tus ntxhais Zhenya yog Tatyana tus phooj ywg. Ob leeg Mark Grigoryevich thiab Raisa Markovna ib txwm tau txais Tatyana warmly. Thiab Vladimir Krainev, twb yog ib tug heev nto moo thiab txawj ntse yeej ntawm lub Tchaikovsky kev sib tw, hu ua Vova nyob rau hauv lub tsev no. Ob niam txiv hluas no txhob txwm tshaj tawm, xav tias lawv tau tsim rau ib leeg. Raisa thiab Mark yeej ib txwm ua kev zoo siab rau lawv hnub ua tshoob thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 25, uas tau tshwm sim nrog lawv tus poj niam lub hnub yug. Ntau tus qhua ib txwm tuaj rau lawv. Lawv, ntawm chav kawm, zaum rau lub twj paj nruag thiab hu nkauj. Evgenia Markovna Fradkina mam li yuav Oleg Iosifovich Mayzenberg, tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag Soviet uas yuav tsiv mus rau Austria (1981).

Ntau tshaj li tsib caug zaj yeeb yaj kiab muaj suab paj nruag los ntawm Mark Fradkin. Nws cov nkauj yeej paub ntau yam li lawv hais. Lawv ua nrov: "Thiab lub xyoo ya", los yog "Farewell, pigeons", los yog"Cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb Komsomol", koj tsis tuaj yeem sau txhua yam. Rau 75 xyoo ntawm nws lub neej, Cov Neeg Artist ntawm lub USSR tsim ib tug ob peb ntawm lawv.

Mark Fradkin tau faus nrog nws tus poj niam, uas tau dim nws los ntawm ib xyoos, ntawm Novodevichy Cemetery hauv Moscow. Phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Mark Fradkin hauv peb qhov kev nthuav qhia xaus.