Artist Alexander Rodchenko: nto moo avant-garde paintings thiab lawv cov npe
Artist Alexander Rodchenko: nto moo avant-garde paintings thiab lawv cov npe

Video: Artist Alexander Rodchenko: nto moo avant-garde paintings thiab lawv cov npe

Video: Artist Alexander Rodchenko: nto moo avant-garde paintings thiab lawv cov npe
Video: The best photographers are painters! Alexander Rodchenko / Topsheet Photography 110 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Cov duab ntawm A. M. Rodchenko tsis raug lees paub los ntawm ntau tus neeg thuam thuam ua tus masterpieces ntawm ntiaj teb kos duab. Thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej ntev, tus naas ej Soviet neeg pleev kob tswj los tsim ntau yam kev cai illustration cov tswv yim, tuaj nrog tshwj xeeb txoj kev ua hauj lwm nrog photography, los ua tus tsim ntawm advertising nyob rau hauv lub USSR thiab thawj Soviet designer.

Tus neeg txawj ntse ntawm tus kws kos duab tso cai rau Rodchenko kom paub txog nws tus kheej hauv kev kos duab, kos duab, duab kos duab, duab puab, duab, kho kom zoo nkauj, tshaj tawm thiab tsim.

Rodchenko cov duab kos duab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov neeg nyiam kos duab tam sim no thiab feem ntau yuav los ntawm cov neeg sau khoom ntiag tug. Feem ntau ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam tau nthuav tawm hauv cov duab kos duab niaj hnub hauv Russia thiab CIS lub teb chaws.

Rodchenko nrog luam yeeb
Rodchenko nrog luam yeeb

Biography

Alexander Mikhailovich Rodchenko yug rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 23, 1891 hauv St. Petersburg, hauv tsev neeg ntawm cov khoom ua yeeb yam thiab khaub ncaws. Cov menyuam yaus ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm kev txawj ntse ntawm kev kos duab dhau los hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis, kev txom nyem thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua. ATNyob rau hauv 1902, Alexander tus txiv, Mikhail Mikhailovich, thauj nws tsev neeg mus rau Kazan, qhov chaw uas nws nrhiav tau ib tug zoo-paub txoj hauj lwm. Hauv tib lub nroog, Sasha tau txais nws thawj txoj kev kawm, kawm tiav nrog kev qhuas los ntawm Kazan parish elementary tsev kawm ntawv.

Tom qab ua tiav thawj theem ntawm kev kawm, Rodchenko nkag mus rau Kazan Art School, qhov chaw uas tus tswv nto moo N. I. Feshin tau los ua tus cob qhia ntawm cov neeg pleev kob hluas. Tus kws qhia ntawv muaj peev xwm tam sim ntawd pom tus tub hluas lub peev xwm ua yeeb yam thiab pom zoo Sasha mus txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm hauv ib lub tsev haujlwm tshaj lij. Rodchenko cov duab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau cuam tshuam los ntawm Futurism thiab Cubism. Sasha piav txog tib neeg silhouettes ua los ntawm ntau cov duab geometric, nquag sim nrog cov xim thiab cov duab, sim ua kom tsis muaj kev faib ua feem thiab nthuav tawm lub tswv yim kos duab tsis yog los ntawm prism ntawm realism, tab sis qhia nws cov duab.

Rodchenko. Vajvoog
Rodchenko. Vajvoog

Kev tawm tsam kev ua yeeb yam

Xyoo 1914, Alexander Rodchenko ntsib Varvara Stepanova, uas kuj tau kawm txuj ci zoo nrog N. I. Feshin. Ob xyoos tom qab, cov tub ntxhais hluas kawm tiav thiab tsiv mus rau Moscow, nyob rau hauv ib tug pej xeem sib yuav. Raws li Stepanova cov memoirs, thoob plaws hauv lawv lub neej ua ke, nws thiab Rodchenko tau koom ua ke los ntawm kev xav zoo kawg los tsim ib yam dab tsi tshiab hauv kev kos duab, xav txog cov kev sib piv thiab cov cim tshwj xeeb uas tsis muaj leej twg tau mloog ua ntej.

Xyoo tom ntej, 1916, Rodchenko siv hauv tub rog, tau txais txoj haujlwm hauv kev muab khoom.

Rov qablos ntawm cov kev pabcuam, tus tub hluas tam sim ntawd txiav txim siab los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum tshiab ntawm cov kws kos duab-painters, tsim los ntawm cov neeg tsim kev hloov siab tshiab.

Abstraction los ntawm Rodchenko
Abstraction los ntawm Rodchenko

Txawm hais tias muaj kev sib tham ze ntawm kev nom kev tswv hauv lub voj voog ntawm cov tswv ntawm tus txhuam, lub koomhaum tsis tau txhawb nqa ib qho kev xav ntawm kev nom kev tswv. Tsis ntev lub koom haum tau hu ua "Young Federation", thiab Alexander Rodchenko tau raug xaiv los ua nws tus thawj coj zoo nkauj thiab nom tswv. Txij no mus, ib lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub koom haum yog kev tawm tsam rau cov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj rau lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tsim. Cov neeg laus, uas cov neeg kawm tiav tau pib ua yeeb yam Rodchenko nws tus kheej, tau koom tes nrog kev siv ntau yam kev txiav txim los ntawm kev kos duab.

Kev lees paub hauv ib puag ncig kev kos duab

Cov niaj hnub muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Alexander Rodchenko cov duab ntxim nyiam ntxim nyiam ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsoomfwv tshiab, tus kws kos duab tau xaiv tsa tus tsim qauv ntawm ntau yam khoom tseem ceeb. Tom qab ua tiav cov tha xim ntawm cov tsev, Rodchenko tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Yeeb Yam ntawm Tib Neeg Lub Koom Haum rau Kev Kawm thiab Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej Tsev khaws puav pheej.

Lub sijhawm no, Alexander tau koom tes nrog kev tsim cov tswv yim tsim tawm, uas yog cov duab kos duab thiab cov duab kos ua nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cubism thaum ntxov. Tus kws ua yeeb yam pib tshawb txog hom minimalism, sim qhia nws tus mob nrog ob peb cov xim dub ntawm daim ntawv waxed. Tom qab ntawd, cov hauj lwm no yuav dhau los ua classics ntawm domestic minimalism thiab yuav muab lub zog loj rau kev loj hlob ntawm Soviet thiab Lavxias teb sab graphics.

Los ntawm nruab nrab-1910s, paintings los ntawm artist Rodchenkotau txais qhov khoom plig siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev nthuav qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev kos duab tshiab ntawm Lavxias. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm avant-garde, minimalism, cubism, futurism thiab expressionism tau maj mam koom ua ke rau hauv zej zog ntawm kev kos duab dawb.

Mandolinist Rodchenko
Mandolinist Rodchenko

Alexander Mikhailovich ib txwm suav tias kos duab yog ib txoj hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab txoj hauv kev ntawm kev xav. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws kos duab tau nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem tas li ntawm kev sim, ua tib zoo saib rau kev sau ntawv thiab radical minimalism.

  • 1917-1918. Lub sijhawm no, cov duab kos duab ntawm avant-garde artist Rodchenko tau los ua qauv thiab qhov chaw ntawm kev tshoov siab rau ntau tus kws sau ntawv. Yooj yim heev hauv daim ntawv thiab muaj lub ntsiab lus sib sib zog nqus, tus kws kos duab ua haujlwm hauv cov style ntawm "paj yeeb yaj kiab" tau txais cov qhab nia siab los ntawm cov neeg kawm.
  • 1919. Rodchenko pleev xim nws nto moo painting Dub ntawm Dub. Tag nrho cov hauj lwm ntawm tus tswv ntawm lub sij hawm no belongs rau cov txheej txheem ntawm "textural painting", Alexander Mikhailovich txhais cov kev ntxhib los mos raws li "lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho cov artistic kev taw qhia ntawm lub era", nquag sim nrog ntau hom thiab hom teeb meem, hlau, iav. Rodchenko's painting instantly dhau los ua tus qauv ntawm "textural painting".
  • 1919-1920. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm Alexander Mikhailovich lub painting ntawm lub sij hawm no yog cov kab thiab cov cim cim. Tus kws kos duab suav tias cov cim no yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm nws tus kheej kev coj noj coj ua.
  • 1921. Constructivism nyob rau hauv paintings ntawm Alexander Rodchenko mus txog nws ncov. Nyob rau hauv Moscow exhibition, tus tswv qhia ib tug triptych los ntawmpeb xim tsis ntxiv lwm qhov ntxoov ntxoo. Tsuas yog peb xim tau siv hauv kev ua haujlwm: daj, xiav thiab liab).

Kev xav hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Rodchenko

Acrobat hauv cov duab xim
Acrobat hauv cov duab xim

Tus kws kos duab lub tswv yim yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv nws txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tsim kho los ntawm peb lub ntsiab lus. Tus tswv tau ua haujlwm hnyav rau cov khoom uas ua los ntawm plaster, cardboard, hlau, iav thiab yas, tsim cov qauv spatial uas muaj cov khoom qub thiab cov ntsiab lus philosophical.

  • 1918 - "Folding and Dismantling" - daim duab los qhia txuas nrog siv txoj hlua khi hlua tau siv hauv kev ua haujlwm.
  • 1921 - "Planes reflecting light" - ib qho kev sib xyaw ua los ntawm cov duab geometric sib txawv ntawm tib qhov loj, pleev xim rau cov xim nyiaj thiab raug tshem tawm los ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb.
  • 1921 - "Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tib daim ntawv" - cov haujlwm ntawm cov ntoo zoo tib yam muab tais rau hauv ntau yam duab. Hauv txhua daim duab, siv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tuav.

Kev ua yeeb yam yees duab

Rodchenko cov duab thaij duab yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm thawj daim duab Soviet uas tsim los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab duab collage. Alexander Mikhailovich ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm puas siab puas ntsws portrait photography. Nws tau mob siab rau qhov teeb pom kev ntawm tus neeg lub ntsej muag thiab lub siab lub ntsws ntawm nws ntsia.

Tsis tas li, Rodchenko yog thawj tus xav txog kev siv cov txheej txheem ntawm photomontage thaum tsim cov phau ntawv. Ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj yog nws txoj haujlwm ua rau VladimirMayakovsky, uas tom qab ntawd los ua ib tug phooj ywg zoo ntawm tus kws kos duab.

Txij li xyoo 1925, tus tswv pib nthuav tawm nws txoj haujlwm hauv ntau qhov chaw kos duab, nthuav tawm cov duab thaij duab ib zaug:

  • 1925 - "Lub Tsev ntawm Myasnitskaya" - cov haujlwm ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau lub tsev tshwj xeeb ntawm Myasnitskaya Street, uas Rodchenko tau yees duab ntau yam teeb pom kev zoo thoob plaws xyoo.
  • 1926 - "Lub Tsev ntawm Mosselprom" - ib qho haujlwm zoo sib xws hauv kev tua, txawm li cas los xij, siv sijhawm ntau los ntawm tus kws kos duab.

Ua haujlwm nrog tsoomfwv

tsoomfwv Soviet tau saib xyuas cov duab ntawm Alexander Mikhailovich Rodchenko, thiab xyoo 1933 tus kws kos duab tau los ua ib tug tswvcuab ntawm cov neeg muaj tswv yim uas tsis pub leej twg xa mus ua tus Dej Hiav Txwv Dawb. Lub hom phiaj ntawm pab pawg yog "npog kev tsim kho hauv txoj hauv kev zoo". Rodchenko txoj hauj lwm kuj suav nrog kev teeb tsa lub chaw kuaj duab hauv cov ceg ntawm Gulag.

Tus kws ua yeeb yam ci ntsa iab ua nws txoj haujlwm, thaij duab txog ob txhiab daim duab, thiab nws yog nws cov duab uas tau siv los tsim cov phau ntawv hais txog kev tsim kho ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv kwj dej, uas tau sau los ntawm pab pawg kws sau ntawv coj. los ntawm Maxim Gorky.

Rodchenko nrog cov yeeb nkab
Rodchenko nrog cov yeeb nkab

Tsim thiab tshaj tawm

Rodchenko cov duab kos tau nquag siv los npog ntawm ntau cov ntawv xov xwm thiab kev ua yeeb yam. Tus kws kos duab nws tus kheej tau ua ntau zaus ua tus sau tus tsim ntawm ib qho kev tshaj tawm, piv txwv li, Alexander Mikhailovich ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua nrog cov ntawv xov xwm "USSR hauv Kev Tsim Kho", feem ntau piav qhia cov ntawv nrog nws cov duab.

Tus kws kos duab kuj tau koom nrog kev tsim cov lojtus naj npawb ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm rau Soviet circus. Xyoo 1938-1940, nws tau tsim ntau qhov kev tshaj tawm collages thiab lwm yam duab ntawm lub ncauj lus no.

Tus sau style

Rodchenko ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho
Rodchenko ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho

Tus kheej kev ua yeeb yam ntawm tus tswv tau tshwm sim nws tus kheej, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv tas li mus rau qhov tshiab, tsis paub. Nws tsis yog coincidence uas Alexander Rodchenko paintings nrog lub npe zoo li "Abstraction" los yog "Non-hom phiaj Composition" qhia, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, tus sau nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Rodchenko nws tus kheej tsis tau paub meej tias nws tab tom nrhiav dab tsi hauv kev kos duab, thiab nws ua tsaug rau qhov xwm txheej no uas ua haujlwm ci ntsa iab los ntawm hauv qab nws txhuam.

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