Kev kos duab ntawm Gzhel: lub hauv paus pib thiab kev txhim kho niaj hnub ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua. Yuav ua li cas kos Gzhel?

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev kos duab ntawm Gzhel: lub hauv paus pib thiab kev txhim kho niaj hnub ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua. Yuav ua li cas kos Gzhel?
Kev kos duab ntawm Gzhel: lub hauv paus pib thiab kev txhim kho niaj hnub ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua. Yuav ua li cas kos Gzhel?

Video: Kev kos duab ntawm Gzhel: lub hauv paus pib thiab kev txhim kho niaj hnub ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua. Yuav ua li cas kos Gzhel?

Video: Kev kos duab ntawm Gzhel: lub hauv paus pib thiab kev txhim kho niaj hnub ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua. Yuav ua li cas kos Gzhel?
Video: VAUDEVILLE Ильи Соболева. В гостях: Гарри Топор, Элджей. 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Lub ci ntsa iab thiab cim, nco thiab sau paj huam ntawm Gzhel yog nrov thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Scenes los ntawm lub neej niaj hnub thiab cov dab neeg dab neeg, paj ornaments, ua nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntxoov xiav ntawm ib tug snow-dawb keeb kwm yav dhau, nyiam lub qhov muag thiab fascinate.

Gzhel art
Gzhel art

Tsis muaj ob yam khoom Gzhel zoo ib yam hauv ntiaj teb, tsis hais nws lub khob, lub tais qab zib lossis lub phaj, vim tias txhua tus ntawm lawv yog tus kws kos duab tes. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav sim tham txog keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua, cov yam ntxwv ntawm painting Gzhel nto moo rau, yuav ua li cas kos nws cov qauv thiab qhov twg yuav pib.

Kuv tuaj yeem nrhiav tau qhov twg?

Tsuas yog 60 mais ntawm Moscow, ntawm ntug dej ntawm Gzhelka River, yog lub zos qub ntawm Gzhel. Nws tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm lo lus qub Lavxias teb sab "zhgel", uas txhais tau hais tias "kub". Cov tebchaws no nyob hauv cov Neeg Ntseeg qub, uas tau tswj hwm lawv txoj kev coj noj coj ua thiab lawv cov kev coj noj coj ua txawm nyob hauv lub neej niaj hnub no.kev ntseeg.

Nws pib ua li cas

Clay tau dhau los ua qhov pib, ua tsaug uas cov kos duab ntawm Gzhel tau tsim thiab tsim los ntawm ntau pua xyoo. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas Gzhelsko-Kudinovskoye deposit ntawm refractory av nplaum nyob. Cov neeg hauv zos tau khawb nws thiab ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev tsim nyog, kho kom zoo nkauj rau lawv tus kheej thiab lwm tus.

Gzhel rau menyuam yaus
Gzhel rau menyuam yaus

Txij thaum xyoo pua 17th, Gzhel cov neeg ua liaj ua teb xa av nplaum mus rau Moscow Aptekarsky Prikaz rau lub xeev xav tau. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, av nplaum los ntawm cov chaw no tau pab daws qhov paub tsis meej ntawm cov plooj (porcelain) thiab tau siv los tsim thawj cov khoom Lavxias los ntawm nws.

Nyob rau xyoo pua 19, muaj tsawg dua thiab tsawg tus kws ua haujlwm ib leeg, lawv koom ua ke hauv artels, thiab qhov kev vam meej tshaj plaws qhib lawv tus kheej, txawm tias me me, factories.

Lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917 tau rhuav tshem cov artels thiab kev cob qhia, sab laug Gzhel craftsmen tsis ua hauj lwm. Tsuas yog xyoo 1933 yog Gzhel ceramics Hoobkas tsim nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Turygino, qhov chaw uas lawv pib tsim xiav-dawb, thiab tsis muaj ntau xim, zoo li ua ntej, mugs, daim hlau thiab lwm yam tsim nyog rau lub xeev Soviet.

Nyob rau xyoo tom qab ua tsov ua rog, pej xeem cov khoom siv tes ua tau tsim kho. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, ib tug twb pom yuav ua li cas kos duab ntawm Gzhel, lub hauv paus pib thiab niaj hnub kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua, sib haum xeeb ua ke, coj cov txuj ci ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam mus rau ib theem tshiab.

Hauv xyoo 1972, Gzhel Production Association tau tsim, koom ua ke txhua qhov chaw tsim khoom uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd.

Nws ua li cas?

Kev kos duab ntawm Gzhel pib nrog kev tsim cov duab kos rau yav tom ntej. Raws lirau nws, tshwj xeeb tswv modellers pwm ib tug qauv ntawm plasticine, los ntawm uas ib tug plaster pwm twb cam khwb cia. Thaum nws hardens, nws yog txiav lengthwise mus rau hauv ob qhov sib npaug zos qhov chaw, nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm cov plahaum yog poured los ntawm cov roj hmab hoses - purified av nplaum diluted nrog dej. Tom qab ziab, cov khoom raug tshem tawm ntawm cov pwm nrog cov khoom seem ntawm cov khoom sib txuas, uas yog ntxuav los ntawm cov khoom ncaj. Cov khoom ntxuav tau raug xa mus rau lub qhov cub kub ntawm 900 0 C.

Gzhel pleev xim li cas?

Tom qab lub qhov cub kub, nws yog lub sijhawm rau kev pleev xim, uas pib nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm daim duab tsim los ntawm tus kws kos duab mus rau ib yam khoom uas muab tso rau ntawm lub tshuab tig tig. Cov craftsmen tsuas muaj ib lub caij nyoog los tsim cov qauv npaj nrog meej txav, vim hais tias cov khoom ntxeem tau instantly absorbs xim. Ib lub spatula, txhuam hniav, iav palette thiab ib lub thawv ntawm cob alt oxide dub - uas yog tag nrho cov cuab yeej. Cob alt yog cov xim tshwj xeeb tsim los pleev xim rau ntawm ceramics. Thaum lub sij hawm thov, nws tseem dub, hloov xim rau xiav tsuas yog tom qab tua. Tsuas muaj ib qho xim xwb, tab sis muaj ntau qhov ntxoov ntxoo xiav ntawm cov khoom tiav! Cov kev sib txawv no tau ua tiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm Gzhel sau.

Gzhel yuav ua li cas kos
Gzhel yuav ua li cas kos

Ntse

Gzhel kos duab yog hais txog lub npe hu ua underglaze painting, uas yog, ua rau ntawm ib tug burnt shard ua ntej glaze yog siv rau nws. Tom qab daim duab thov, nws yog dipped rau hauv glaze, tom qab uas nws raug rho tawm haujlwm dua, tab sis twb nyob rau ntawm qhov kub ntawm +1350 0С. Lub ntsiab painting txuj ci yog ib tug dav brushstroke, uas tso cai rautsim kom muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm xiav tsaus mus rau xiav me ntsis. Cov qauv tsim muaj zog stroke, ob qho tib si dav thiab nqaim, fading mus rau hauv ib txoj kab nyias.

Hnub no peb tuaj yeem tham txog cov txheej txheem tsim ntawm Gzhel sau thiab qhov tshwj xeeb thiab tshwj xeeb style tau tsim - Gzhel.

Views

Tag nrho ntau yam ntawm Gzhel painting los ntawm kev siv tswv yim ntawm nws peb hom tseem ceeb:

  • Zaub, piav qhia txog cov tshuaj ntsuab zoo nkauj thiab dav dav, berries, cereals, nplooj, garlands thiab bouquets. Feem ntau, masters pleev xim roses thiab daisies, lilies thiab carnations, poppies thiab dahlias, asters thiab peonies.
  • Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg. Nws suav nrog ntau yam "checkers", "antennae", "droplets", "pearls" thiab "combs" - nets siv los sau cov chaw sab hauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus loj, xws li lub voj voog lossis lub hnub qub.
  • Zaj dab neeg. Cov no yog cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov xwm txheej los ntawm cov dab neeg, cov xwm txheej hauv lub neej niaj hnub hauv nroog thiab nyob deb nroog, ntau lub xeev ntawm xwm thiab toj roob hauv pes pom los ntawm tus kws kos duab.

Yuav ua li cas kos nws?

Yog tias koj nyiam Gzhel, kos nws li cas, peb yuav qhia koj. Ua ntej, tsis txhob sim tam sim kos ib qho loj thiab complex muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tau npaj dawb thiab xiav gouache, squirrel txhuam thiab ib hub dej, sim koj txhais tes ntawm depicting cov kab ncaj nraim, nets thiab dots, hniav ntawm nyom thiab curls, arcs.

Gzhel style
Gzhel style

Tom qab ntawd, thaum txhua yam no tau paub, koj tuaj yeem pib kawm cov kab mob hauv paus uas siv hauv kev pleev xim. Sim ua ib daim duab siv cov txheej txheem Gzhel nrog koj tus tub lossis tus ntxhais. RauNws tsis yog lom zem rau menyuam yaus xwb, nws yog kev lom zem kev kawm zoo! Qhov kev sib koom ua ke no yuav tsis tsuas yog coj tsev neeg ua ke thiab muab sijhawm rau kev sib txuas lus, tab sis kuj tseem yuav pab koj tus menyuam txhim kho lub cev muaj zog, kev ua siab ntev, kev soj ntsuam thiab kev nco.

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