Ekaterinburg, ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam: chaw nyob, daim ntawv tshaj tawm, qhov chaw

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Ekaterinburg hnub no yog ib lub nroog loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia. Nws tshuav nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau lub sijhawm Soviet nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws, thaum lub sij hawm uas lub nroog me me nyob rau hauv lub xeev Perm tau hloov mus rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov chaw lag luam ntawm lub union. Thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev sib hais haum tau teev raws li Sverdlovsk nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia, nws kuj tau tswj los ua ib tug loj ua yeeb yam center. Niaj hnub no, lub peev ntawm Urals yog thib peb nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw, thib ob tsuas yog rau Moscow thiab, ntawm chav kawm, St. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais, muaj 27 lub tsev ua yeeb yam hauv nroog thiab nws lub koom haum ntawm cov kev taw qhia no. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, raws li kev kwv yees nrov, tus naj npawb ntawm cov theem uas ntau pab pawg ua si tshaj 4 lub kaum os! Qhov loj tshaj ntawm lawv dais lub npe ntawm "kev kawm". Nws ntseeg tau tias Yekaterinburg yog "tus neeg muab khoom" ntawm cov txuj ci rau lub peev txheej xwm txheej. Lub Drama Theatre tuaj yeem raug hu ua ib qho ntawm cov thawj coj hauv kev coj ua no. Tom qab ntawv hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav ua tib zoo saib txog keeb kwm ntawm lub koom haum no.

Kev pib ntxhov siab

Yekaterinburgers yeej ib txwm nyiam kev ua yeeb yam, thiab lub nroog nws tus kheej tau nrov nrog cov neeg ncig xyuas thiab kev lag luam uas xyoo 1843 tau tsim lub tsev ntoo tshwj xeeb rau lawv qhov kev ua yeeb yam. Ob xyoos tom qab, nws tau rov ua dua rau hauv ib lub pob zeb, thiab nws tseem muaj nyob rau niaj hnub no - nws yog tsev Oktyabr xinesmas. Thaum muaj teeb meem, tib neeg yeej ib txwm nyiam kev zoo nkauj. Tau txais nyob rau hauv xws li lub sij hawm "turbulent" nws theem thiab Yekaterinburg. Lub Drama Theatre, uas niaj hnub no suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov kab lis kev cai nyiam hauv nroog, tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1912. Qhov xwm txheej tsis ruaj khov hauv nroog (nws yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv Urals) tsis cuam tshuam rau theem, vim tias txhua tus xav tau tsom iav. Yog li ntawd, kev ua yeeb yam tau muab ob qho tib si thaum lub sij hawm tua cov tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe (Cov Reds tau muaj hwj chim), thiab thaum tsoom fwv All-Lavxias teb sab Admiral Kolchak tuav Yekaterinburg. Cov ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm thaum cov communist rov qab los dua. Qhov kawg, tsis zoo li zaj dab neeg hais txog lawv qhov tsis muaj kev ntseeg ntawm sab ntsuj plig, ua rau muaj ntau qhov xwm txheej hauv nroog.

After the revolution

Industrialization thiab kev tsim kho boom ntawm 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem tau cuam tshuam rau ntau thaj chaw hauv lub tebchaws. Ua tsaug rau kev tsim kho ntawm metallurgical thiab tshuab tsim "giants", tag nrho Urals, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws lub peev, Yekaterinburg, tau nce mus rau theem tshiab kev lag luam. Lub Drama Theatre tau xav tau los ntawm cov tsim thiab metallurgists. Lawv lub siab xav tau hnov. Ua ntej, xyoo 1928-1929, lub tsev ntawm Oktyabr xinesmas tam sim no, thiab tom qab ntawd thawj lub nroog ua yeeb yam, raug xaiv los ua nws lub tsev.ua yeeb yam pab pawg "Red Torch". Tom qab ua si lub caij, lub troupe twb tawm Sverdlovsk thiab tsiv mus rau Novosibirsk, qhov twg nws tseem nyob. Ib xyoos tom qab, qhov kev ua yeeb yam tshiab hauv Yekaterinburg tau qhib nws lub qhov rooj. Qhov kev ua yeeb yam thawj zaug tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2, 1930, thiab nws tau raug hu ua tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub sijhawm - "Tus Thawj Nees". Nws yog staged raws li ib tug ua si los ntawm revolutionary playwright Vsevolod Vishnevsky.

thawj txhaj tshuaj

Nyob rau hauv thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam, nthuav tawm los ntawm Drama Theatre (Yekaterinburg; daim duab ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tuaj yeem pom saum toj no), qhov sib xyaw ntawm pawg neeg koom nrog twb muaj zog lawm. Cov xwm txheej ntawm "kev kawm" lub tsev kawm ntawv tau txais tom qab, xyoo 1977. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam suav nrog cov hnub qub theem ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd xws li Vsevolod Georgievich Ordynsky thiab Mikhail Aleksandrovich Betsky. Ob leeg tom qab ntawd tau los ua Honour Artists ntawm RSFSR. Lub troupe tau ua tiav los ntawm Moritz Mironovich Schlugleit, ib tug zoo-paub theatrical daim duab thiab tus thawj coj, uas yav tas los ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub nto moo Moscow Korsh Theatre. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov hnub qub nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab cam khwb cia kuj nyiam tsawg-paub lam, uas nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tsuas yog tsis muaj sij hawm, raws li lawv hais tam sim no, mus rau lub teeb. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua yam mus zoo. Nyob rau hauv thawj lub caij, Drama Theatre (Ekaterinburg), uas nws daim ntawv loj loj nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd tsis muaj tsawg saturated tshaj tam sim no, tsis yog ib tug ywj siab unit. Lub tsev kawm ntawv, raws li kev zam rau universality thiab megalomania, yog ib feem ntawm United Spectacular Organization. Ntxiv rau nws, nws suav nrog Lunacharsky Opera Theatre thiab qhov tshiab ua yeeb yam hluas. Lub tuam txhab kev lom zem loj tuaj yeem pom nws cov nyiaj poob haujlwm hauv ib xyoos nkaus xwb, thiab txij li xyoo 1931 SATD tau xa mus rauda dej dawb, thaum hloov nws cov thawj coj. Schlugleit hloov nws lub luag haujlwm thiab lub zog rau tus neeg muaj peev xwm sib npaug, uas yog tus thawj coj ntawm kev ua yeeb yam rau 10 xyoo tom ntej. Ua tsaug rau nws cov dej num, cov pab pawg tau rov ua dua nrog tag nrho galaxy ntawm, yog tias tsis zoo, ces cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo heev, qee tus ntawm lawv tau txais lub npe ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Yeeb Yam ntawm USSR.

Classics thiab revolutionaries

Thaum lub sijhawm thawj xyoo caum ntawm nws lub neej, Sverdlovsk Theatre, tsis sib haum xeeb, tsis ua rau lub tswv yim tshiab, thiab tsim nws cov repertoire raws li lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau theem, ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm lub sijhawm, lawv tau muab kev ua yeeb yam rau lub kiv puag ncig tsis ntev los no. Qhov no yog qhov twb tau hais tias "Thawj Cavalry", thiab "Kev Tuag ntawm Tub Rog", "Hlub Yarovaya", "Platon Krechet". Lawv tsis nco qab txog cov classics - lawv tau ua "Woe los ntawm Wit", "Kev Sib Yuav ntawm Figaro", "Anna Karenina". Kev ua yeeb yam "Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich" thiab, ntawm chav kawm, "Othello" tau nrov. Cov thawj coj ua yeeb yam tsis ua siab ntev rau theem niaj hnub txawv teb chaws prose. Cov neeg nyob hauv Sverdlovsk yog thawj zaug hauv Soviet Union pom kev ua yeeb yam raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm Karel Chapek. Xyoo 1939, ib xyoos tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Czech, qhov kev ua yeeb yam zoo heev "Niam" tau tshwm sim nyob rau theem tseem ceeb ntawm lub peev ntawm Urals. Qhov kev vam meej yog xws li lwm yam ntawm nws cov yeeb yam, The Makropulos Remedy, tau ua rau lub caij tom ntej. Nws yog hais txog kev tsis txawj tuag.

Kev sib tw ntawm keeb kwm yav dhauntiaj teb kev xwm txheej

Hauv xyoo 1941, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg saib ntawm Sverdlovsk Drama Theatre tau nce ntau heev. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau thaum pib ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, ntau industries, lag luam thiab cov koom haum tau khiav tawm mus rau lub nroog. Ntxiv nrog rau cov neeg nyob hauv lub koom haum, pawg neeg tawg rog tau tshwm sim los ntawm thoob plaws lub Union. Nws yuav zoo li tias, raws li kev cai lij choj ntawm kev ua lag luam, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom yooj yim rau cov pab pawg ua haujlwm - qhov kev thov rau cov tsom iav tau loj hlob ntau zaus, ntxiv rau, muaj ntau tus neeg kos duab ntawm cov neeg "tshiab" hauv nroog. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev ua yeeb yam, nrog rau hauv lub tebchaws, qhov xwm txheej nyuaj tau tsim. Ntxiv rau qhov tseeb tias cov thawj coj tau hloov pauv txhua ob peb xyoos, cov neeg sib tw loj tau tshwm sim. Ntawm cov koom haum khiav tawm yog Moscow Art Theatre thiab Central Theatre ntawm Red Army. Kev sib tw nrog Moscow hnub qub rau lub siab ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib mus nrog ntau qib ntawm kev vam meej. Nyob rau theem SADT, raws li lub dictates ntawm lub sij hawm, feem ntau patriotic ua yeeb yam tau qhia: "Field Marshal Kutuzov", "Pem ntej", "Ib tug txiv leej tub los ntawm peb lub nroog". Txawm li cas los, dua, lawv tsis hnov qab txog cov classics - lawv staged Chekhov "txiv ntxawm Vanya". Qhov kev ua tau zoo no xyoo 1944 tau txais thawj qhov khoom plig ntawm All-Lavxias tshuaj xyuas.

Txhua yam rau pem hauv ntej

Sverdlovsk, uas tau dhau los ua qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tshuab engineering thiab metallurgy, ua haujlwm, raws li lawv hais, hnav thiab tsim kua muag. Nws txoj kev pab rau lub Tsib Hlis 1945 yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam tsis poob qab cov neeg ua haujlwm. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua yeeb yam tsis tu ncua thiab kev sib tw tsis tu ncua, kev ua yeeb yam kuj tau koom nrog kev ua haujlwm pem hauv ntej. Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, tshwj xeeb kev hais kwv txhiaj brigades tau ua tag nrhonce mus rau ib xyoos thiab ib nrab thiab muab txog 2,000 concerts nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm fighters. Kev ua haujlwm kuj tau ua tom qab - hauv tsev kho mob. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm Sverdlovsk troupe tau koom nrog txog 16 txhiab kev ua yeeb yam rau cov neeg raug mob thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam, tuav ua ke nrog cov npoj yaig los ntawm lwm lub koom haum kab lis kev cai. Ua hauj lwm ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub hometown kuj yog aimed ntawm yeej. Ntxiv nrog rau kev txhawb nqa tus ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom hauv zos, cov pab pawg tau koom nrog kev pub khoom noj ntawm "neeg txoj kev tawm tsam". Cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau pab nyiaj 824,000 rubles nyuaj rau cov nyiaj tiv thaiv. Cov nyiaj pab rau cov menyuam yaus ntawm cov tub rog pem hauv ntej kuj tau txais nws txoj kev sib koom - Sverdlovsk cov duab kab lis kev cai xa 90 txhiab rubles rau lawv.

Repertory disgrace thiab kiv puag ncig

Txhua kev tsov rog, txawm tias tus yeej, coj kev hloov pauv rau tib neeg. Ob xyoos tom qab kev yeej, Sverdlovsk Drama Theatre, ua ke nrog nag hmo cov neeg sib tw - Moscow Art Theatre, Central TV Theatre thiab lwm theem - poob rau hauv kev txaj muag. Xyoo 1946, Pawg Neeg Nruab Nrab ntawm All-Union Communist Party tau txais kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub repertoire ntawm cov koom haum kab lis kev cai thiab kev ntsuas los txhim kho nws. Tam sim no cov kev ua yeeb yam yuav tsum yog lub tswv yim thiab "kev tsim txiaj", thiab tsis muaj kev tawm tsam, uas tau pom nyob rau hauv feem ntau classical tej hauj lwm.

Vim li ntawd, txoj cai ua yeeb yaj kiab repertoire hloov pauv ntau heev. Ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yam nyiam raug kaw, thiab lawv tau raug hloov los ntawm kev tsim khoom raws li, muab tso rau nws me me, kev ua yeeb yam tsis zoo los ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub, qhov tsuas yog ntxiv ntawm uas yog ua raws li "cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm Ilyich". Txawm li cas los xij, pob zeb diamond kuj pom ntawm cov kws sau ntawv niaj hnub no. Kev ua si los ntawm tus sau ntawm "Kuban Cossacks", Nikolai Pogodin, "Lub Caij Nyoog Velvet" yog staged rau lub sijhawm luv luv. Lub neej ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo yog luv luv - cov xovxwm Soviet tsis nyiam qhov ntau lawm. Cov neeg saib kuj pom "Cov Ntxhais" los ntawm peb lub sijhawm yeej ntawm Stalin nqi zog - Vera Pogodina. Qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau staged ua ntej tshaj tawm ntawm qhov kev ua si. Sverdlovsk actors yog thawj zaug qhia "Txoj Kev ntawm Thawj" los ntawm Afanasy Salynsky. Moscow Drama Theatre yuav ua yeeb yam "Cov kwv tij" raws li txoj haujlwm no tsuas yog peb xyoos tom qab.

Lub Sijhawm Award

Lub sijhawm ntawm kev censorship luv luv, thiab tom qab kaum xyoo, kev txaj muag ploj mus. Sverdlovsk Drama Theatre rov qab mus rau classics. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub troupe mus ncig ua si nyob rau hauv Moscow. Sverdlovsk actors qhia Boris Godunov, Mindaugas thiab Captured los ntawm sij hawm mus rau lub peev cov neeg tuaj saib. Kev ua yeeb yam tau txais nrog lub suab nrov tsis yog los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov neeg thuam. Thiab yav dhau los ua tau zoo tsis mus unnoticed. Yog li, xyoo 1977, Lub Tsev Ua Yeeb Yam tau lees paub tias yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws hauv Union thiab tau txais lub npe ntawm "kev kawm", thiab peb xyoos tom qab ntawd tau txais qhov Kev Txiav Txim Siab ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Liab. Tau dhau los ua Sverdlovsk Academic Drama Theatre, theem tsis hloov nws lub npe, txawm hais tias lub nroog nws tus kheej twb hu ua txawv.

sijhawm tshiab

Nyob rau xyoo 1990, lub tebchaws Soviet tso tseg. Ua raws li nws, Sverdlovsk kuj ploj ntawm daim ntawv qhia - nws lub npe keeb kwm tau rov qab los rau nws. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis cuam tshuam rau Theatre nws tus kheej. Lub koom haum yogtau tsim nyob rau hauv lub USSR, thiab yog li ntawd, los ntawm thiab loj, tsis muaj dab tsi ua rau Yekaterinburg. Tib yam uas Drama Theatre (Yekaterinburg) tau hloov pauv yog qhov chaw nyob. Cov theem tau tsiv tawm ntawm lub tsev thib 10 ntawm Weiner Street, qhov chaw nws tau pib txij thaum qhib, mus rau lub tsev thib 2 ntawm Lub Kaum Hli Square.

Lub Neej Niaj Hnub

Hnub no Sverdlovsk Academic Drama Theatre tau tuav dua. Muaj tseeb, tsis yog loj heev li nyob rau hauv 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem nyob hauv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv One Spectacle Organization tshiab. Niaj hnub no, Drama Theatre (Yekaterinburg) muaj lub vev xaib official (uraldrama.ru). Ntawm nplooj ntawv koj tuaj yeem kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog keeb kwm ntawm lub koom haum. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub vev xaib ntawm Drama Theatre (Yekaterinburg) muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev ua yeeb yam, ncig saib, nqi pib.