2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Tus neeg paub lus dab neeg zoo Robert Burns yog tus cwj pwm zoo, nco qab thiab tus kws sau paj huam hauv tebchaws Scotland. Biography ntawm no eminent kab lis kev cai daim duab yog nyuaj heev. Tab sis qhov xwm txheej no tsis cuam tshuam rau nws txoj haujlwm. Burns sau nws cov ntawv sau ua lus Askiv thiab Scottish. Nws yog tus sau ntau zaj paj huam thiab paj huam.
Kuv xav kom nco ntsoov tias nws yog Robert Burns uas tau txais lub npe ntawm tus kws sau paj huam hauv tebchaws Scotland thaum nws lub neej.
Biography. Childhood
Ntawm yav tom ntej tus kws sau ntawv nto moo yug xyoo 1957 hauv tsev neeg loj. Robert muaj rau tus kwv tij thiab muam. Tus kws sau paj huam yav tom ntej tau kawm nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv nrog tus kws qhia John Murdoch. Nws raug ntiav los ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb hauv zos los qhia zaj lus qhia rau lawv cov menyuam. Nws yog Murdoch uas pom tus tub lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb thiab qhia nws kom mloog ntau dua rau cov ntaub ntawv. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1783, thawj cov ntawv sau ntawm Burns tau tshwm sim, sau ua lus Ayshire.
Youth
Thaum tus kws sau ntawv hluas tignees nkaum-ob xyoos, nws tawm ntawm nws txiv lub tsev thiab mus rau lub nroog Irvine mus kawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm ib tug flax processor nyob rau ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab lub rooj cob qhia uas Robert yuav tsum tau koom nrog hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub hnyiab, nws rov qab los rau nws lub tebchaws. Xyoo 1784 nws txiv tuag. Cov tub hlob ua txhua yam haujlwm uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua liaj ua teb hauv thaj av. Txawm li cas los xij, tej yam tsis zoo.
Tsis ntev cov tsev neeg txiav txim siab tawm ntawm lub teb thiab tsiv mus rau Mossgil. Cov thawj coj ntawm kev ua txhaum loj thiab lub luag haujlwm yog cov kwv tij laus - Gilbert thiab Robert Burns. Biography ntawm tus kws sau paj lug yog tag nrho ntawm kev npaj txhij txog lem thiab contradictory xwm txheej. Tom qab tsiv mus rau lub nroog tshiab, tus tub hluas ntsib nws tus poj niam yav tom ntej, Jane Arthur. Txawm li cas los xij, nws txiv, tsis pom zoo rau kev xaiv ntawm nws tus ntxhais, tsis pom zoo rau kev sib yuav. Kev xav tsis thoob, Robert txiav txim siab tawm mus rau lwm lub tebchaws. Tsuas yog lub sijhawm no, nws tau txais kev pom zoo los ua tus accountant hauv Jamaica. Txawm li cas los xij, cov phiaj xwm tsis tau ua tiav.
First Success
Tib lub sijhawm, thawj lub ntim ntawm nws cov ntawv sau tau luam tawm, luam tawm thaum Lub Rau Hli 1786 hauv Kilmarnock. Phau ntawv tau ua tiav loj. 20 phaus - qhov no yog qhov khoom plig uas Robert Burns tau txais rau nws txoj haujlwm. Biography ntawm tus kws sau paj huam no yeej tsis muaj tseeb tiag. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, cov hluas folklorist mus rau Edinburgh. Nws yog nyob ntawd uas nws tau txais thawj zaug, zoo nkauj npaum li cas rau cov cai ntawm nws qhov kev sau paj huam debut. Cov paj huam ntawm Robert Burns tau qhuas los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv, thiab tus kws sau ntawv nws tus kheej hu ua kev cia siab poetic. Scotland.
Creative life
Tom qab qhov kev npaj txhij txog thiab kev vam meej dhau los no, tus kws sau paj huam nto moo ua rau ntau lub sijhawm ntev mus ncig nws lub tebchaws. Nws sau cov nkauj pej xeem, sau paj huam thiab paj huam. Tsis tau txais kev them nyiaj rau nws txoj haujlwm, Burns tsuas yog txiav txim siab nws txoj kev zoo siab uas tuaj yeem sau thiab khaws cia cov lus dab neeg qub. Tau ntau xyoo dhau los, tsev neeg ua liaj ua teb tau poob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj.
Tom qab tshaj tawm cov paj huam thib peb, Burns mus rau Elliszhevd. Nyob ntawd nws xauj ib lub teb tshiab. Txog lub sijhawm no, txawm li cas los xij, nws tau yuav nws tus hlub Jane, thiab lawv muaj ntau tus menyuam. Txij thaum ntawd los, tus kws sau ntawv tau ua haujlwm ua tus sau se thiab tau txais cov nyiaj hli me me, kwv yees li 50 phaus ib xyoos. Xyoo 1791, nws raug muab luam tawm lwm phau ntawv, uas suav nrog txog ib puas tsab ntawv.
xyoo tshiab
Robert Burns, uas nws daim duab tau nthuav tawm ntawm nplooj ntawv no, ua tau zoo heev nrog nws txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau thiab ntau zaus nws pom nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm intoxication. Tom qab ntawd, nws raug ntiab tawm ntawm pawg neeg sau ntawv rau kev txhawb nqa cov tswv yim hloov pauv. Txij thaum ntawd los, Burns nce siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub tuam txhab ntawm revelers. Tus kws sau paj huam tuag hauv 1796 los ntawm kev tawm tsam rheumatic. Burns 'zoo tshaj plaws paj huam, raws li cov neeg sau ntawv thuam, yog Tus Zoo Siab Beggars. Nws piav txog lub neej ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam kev sib raug zoo.
Burns Poems in Russia
Thawj tus neeg txhais lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Scottish nto moo tau tshwm sim plaub xyoos tom qab nws tuag, xyoo 1800d. Robert Burns tau nrov hauv USSR ua tsaug rau kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj ntawm S.
Marshak. Thawj zaug Samuil Yakovlevich tig mus rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm Scottish folklorist hauv xyoo 1924. Los ntawm nruab nrab-thirties, nws pib koom nrog hauv kev txhais lus ntawm Burns cov ntawv sau. Thawj sau ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam thiab paj huam tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1947. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Samuil Yakovlevich txhais txog 215 tej hauj lwm, uas yog ¼ ntawm tag nrho cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Marshak cov kev txhais lus nyob deb ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, tab sis lawv txawv ntawm qhov yooj yim thiab lub teeb ntawm cov lus, nrog rau kev xav tshwj xeeb ze rau Burns cov ntawv sau. Cov khoom mob siab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse no tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm txhua lub sijhawm tam sim no thiab tom qab ntawd. Tus kws tshaj lij Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai V. Belinsky tau koom nrog kev tshawb fawb tob txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Burns. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, kev txhais lus ntawm quatrains ntawm Scottish kws sau paj lug yog ua los ntawm Mikhail Lermontov. Nyob rau ib puas xyoo ntawm kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv Russia, lub tsev luam ntawv ntawm A. Suvorin luam tawm sau cov paj huam thiab paj huam los ntawm Robert Burns.
Nkauj
Yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias ntau yam ntawm cov kws sau paj huam no yog kev ua suab paj nruag pej xeem.
Nws cov paj huam yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub suab thiab lub suab. Tsis xav tsis thoob, tus sau phau ntawv ntawm ntau lub npe nrov Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag yog Robert Burns. Cov nkauj raws li nws cov paj huam tau sau ib zaug los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv nto moo Soviet xws li G. Sviridov thiab D. Shostakovich. Nyob rau hauv lub repertoire ntawm Alexander Gradskymuaj lub voj voog ntawm lub suab ua haujlwm raws li paj huam los ntawm Burns. Nws cov ntawv tsim lub hauv paus ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv tsim los ntawm Mulyavin rau Pesnyary VIA. Pab pawg Moldovan "Zdob Si Zdub" kuj tau ua ib zaj nkauj raws li Burns cov ntawv "Koj ncaim kuv mus". Cov pab pawg neeg pej xeem "Melnitsa" tau sau cov suab paj nruag rau nws lub suab paj nruag "Tus Tswv Gregory" thiab paj huam "Highlander". Feem ntau, cov nkauj rau nqe ntawm tus kws sau paj huam txawv teb chaws nto moo no tau siv hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv TV. Kuv xav tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog kev sib hlub ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Nyob zoo, Kuv yog koj tus phauj", hu ua "Kev Hlub thiab Kev Txom Nyem". Qhov kev ua yeeb yam no tau ua los ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse Alexander Kalyagin. Nyob rau hauv zaj duab xis "Office Romance" lwm zaj nkauj tau sounded, tus sau ntawm cov ntawv uas yog R. Burns - "Tsis muaj kev thaj yeeb nyob rau hauv kuv tus ntsuj plig."
Pom zoo:
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm paj huam hauv lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Poets hais txog paj huam thiab quotes txog paj huam
Dab tsi yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm paj huam hauv txoj hmoo thiab lub neej ntawm cov kws sau paj huam? Paj huam txhais li cas rau lawv? Lawv sau dab tsi thiab xav txog nws? Puas yog nws ua haujlwm lossis kos duab rau lawv? Puas nyuaj ua ib tug kws sau paj lug, thiab txhais li cas los ua ib tug kws sau paj huam? Koj yuav pom cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug no hauv kab lus. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug no yuav muab rau koj los ntawm cov kws sau paj huam lawv tus kheej hauv lawv cov haujlwm
"Tus kws sau paj huam tuag" Lermontov nqe lus "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag". Lermontov muab rau leej twg "Kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj huam"?
Thaum xyoo 1837, tau kawm txog kev tuag ntawm kev tuag, lub qhov txhab tuag, thiab tom qab ntawd kev tuag ntawm Pushkin, Lermontov tau sau cov kev quaj ntsuag "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag …", nws nws tus kheej twb muaj npe nrov hauv kev sau ntawv. Muaj tswv yim biography Mikhail Yurievich pib thaum ntxov, nws cov paj huam romantic hnub rov qab mus rau 1828-1829
Paj huam yav tsaus ntuj. Cov paj huam ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam
Tus nqi paj huam yog ib qho nyuaj rau overestimate. Nws tsis tuag txawm tias nws tsis raug tso cai los tsim kho, txwv tsis pub, raug tsim txom, thaum tus kws sau paj huam nrhiav tsis tau ib qho chaw hauv nws Leej Txiv. Thaum cov neeg tsim tawm mus, nws tseem nyob thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub siab ntawm cov neeg nyeem cov kab lus poetic. Tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam yog ib tug tiag tiag kev nplij siab rau tus ntsuj plig
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lermontov. Lermontov cov paj huam hais txog paj huam
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv Lermontov txoj haujlwm yog ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus. Mikhail Yuryevich mob siab rau ntau yam haujlwm rau nws. Tab sis peb yuav tsum pib nrog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv lub ntiaj teb tus kws sau paj huam - kev kho siab. Nws muaj tus cwj pwm universal. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov no yog tus xaiv ntawm Lermontov tus hero, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, nws foom phem. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam qhia txog kev sib tham ntawm tus tsim thiab nws cov neeg nyeem
Tshaj tawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem". Analysis ntawm Nekrasov paj huam "Tus kws sau paj lug thiab cov pej xeem"
Kev tsom xam ntawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem", zoo li lwm yam hauj lwm ntawm kev kos duab, yuav tsum pib nrog kev kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm nws cov creation, nrog rau cov teeb meem kev nom kev tswv uas tab tom loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, thiab cov ntaub ntawv biographical ntawm tus sau, yog tias lawv yog ob qho tib si muaj feem xyuam rau txoj haujlwm