Jewelry art. Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub masters

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Jewelry art yog kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom, feem ntau yog los ntawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig siv lub pov haum. Thaum xub thawj, tej yam zoo li no tau txais kev pab tsis tau tsuas yog rau kev zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj hais txog lub siab kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus tswv los yog tus tswv. Tsis tas li ntawd, tej yam yees siv tej yam yees siv tau feem ntau ntaus nqi rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Lawv tau siv, piv txwv li, tiv thaiv amulets thiab talismans. Keeb kwm ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm qub. Thaum pib, kev tsim cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tsis koom nrog txhua yam kev ua haujlwm. Tau ntau pua xyoo, kev kos duab tau zoo tuaj, craftsmen tau tsim ntau thiab ntau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub zoo nkauj. Cia peb taug qab keeb kwm ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua khoom siv tes ua thiab npe nws tus tswv zoo heev.

Ancient Egypt

Cov khoom siv nyiaj txiag zoo nkauj tau tsim kho zoo hauv tebchaws Iyiv thaum ub. Cov decorations tsim muaj tseem amaze nrog lawv cov kev zoo nkauj thiab complexity. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv, lawv feem ntau zoo li dluab ntawm ancient deities. Hauv tebchaws Iziv thaum ub, lawv ntseeg tias cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub ua haujlwm zoo: nws tiv thaiv cov kab mob thiab kev ua phem, nws txuas ib tus neeg nrog lub zog ntawm xwm.

Hnav cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub yuav tsum yog ntawm qee qhov ntawm lub cev. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog thaj tsam ntawm lub plawv (nws tau suav tias yog lub cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws). Txhawm rau tiv thaiv nws, cov khoom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm scarab tau hnav ntawm lub hauv siab. Cov kab ua cim tseem ceeb, kev ua, kev sawv rov los. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub hauv pliaj yog qhov tseem ceeb. Ancient Egyptian craftsmen, ua decorations rau nws, siv cov cim ntawm lub zog thiab kev txawj ntse, xws li dluab ntawm ib tug nab. Hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov khoom, nws tuaj yeem raug sau tseg tias feem ntau siv chasing thiab engraving, thiab cov ntaub ntawv nyiam ntawm cov neeg Iyiv yog kub, nyiaj, obsidian thiab amethyst.

Ancient Greece

Cov khoom siv nyiaj qub txeeg qub teg hauv tebchaws Greece yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov zoo nkauj thiab kev ua kom zoo. Cov txheej txheem nyiam ntawm cov craftsmen yog filigree - kev tua ntawm cov feem ntau complex qauv ntawm nyias kub los yog nyiaj hlau soldered mus rau ib tug hlau tom qab. Feem ntau, siv cov paj ornament: cov duab paj, nplooj, vines.

Ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, kub muaj nuj nqis tshaj plaws - cov Greeks thaum ub tau muab cov khoom siv dag zog rau cov hlau no. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub hais txog cov xwm txheej ntawm tus tswv, yog li lub thinner thiab complex ua hauj lwm, qhov ntau kim nws yog. Cov poj niam nplua nuj Greek hnav ntau yam ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Cov khoom zoo rau cov plaub hau thiab caj dab, nrog rau cov hlua tes tau tuav hauv kev hwm. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog kab tias Sparta - cov poj niam hauv zos tsis hnav cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub zoo nkauj, nyiam cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub yooj yim.

Renaissance Jewelry

Renaissance cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tau tawm tsam hauv nws txoj kev zoo nkauj, kev zoo nkauj thiab qhov nyuaj. Craftsmen siv ntau yam txuj ci, nrog rau chasing, txiav thiab enamelling. Lawv feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kab lig kev cai qub, tib lub sijhawm, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov xyoo ntawd kuj tau qhia.

Yog li, kev kho kom zoo nkauj tsis qhia txog tus tswv ntawm tus txheej txheem, tab sis hais txog kev ua kom zoo ntawm saj thiab kev xav. Lawv ua qhov tshwj xeeb thiab txawv. Gems, pearls thiab exquisite enamel cov ntsiab lus adorn tsis tsuas yog cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, tab sis kuj zoo kawg li poj niam outfits. Nplhaib thiab pendants loj heev tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam heev.

Hauv tebchaws Yelemes, cov kws ua haujlwm siv cov khoom txawv txawv hauv lawv txoj haujlwm: cov txiv maj phaub plhaub, cov qe qe thiab cov plhaub.

jewelers ntawm Ancient Russia

Russian cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub kos duab muaj keeb kwm zoo. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm niaj hnub archaeological excavations: qhov zoo thiab subtlety ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm ancient craftsmen tseem amaze. Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub ntawm Ancient Russia tau cuam tshuam los ntawm Scandinavian, Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Byzantine kab lis kev cai, thiab tib lub sijhawm tau txuas nrog kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm pej xeem.

Masters los ntawm txhua lub ces kaum ntawm Kievan Rus tau paub cov txheej txheem nyuaj tshaj plaws, suav nrog kev kos duab kos duab, filigree thiab xaiv kub. Veliky Novgorod yog nto moo rau nws cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub ua los ntawm precious hlau. Kyiv jewelers ua cov gems nrog extraordinary txuj ci. Cov kev kho kom zoo nkauj tshaj plaws yog qhov hu ua rings ntawm lub cev, uaswoven rau hauv cov plaub hau los yog dai ntawm headdresses. Cov poj niam kuj hnav ntau hom bracelets thiab hlaws nrog pendants.

Rus in the XIV-XVII centuries

Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm Tatar-Mongol hordes, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tsis nco qab yuav luag ib puas xyoo. Ntau tus kws tsim khoom tuag lossis raug coj mus ua haujlwm rau Horde kav. Tsuas yog mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th thiaj li maj mam rov qab mus rau kev kos duab qub pib. Moscow tau dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua khoom siv tes ua, qhov twg cov txheej txheem ntawm nyiaj filigree yog nrov heev.

Nyob rau xyoo 16th-17th, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub siv cov enamel thiab pob zeb. Kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub sijhawm no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nplua nuj, muaj yeeb yuj thiab saturation ntawm cov xim. Lub pob zeb kuj txawv ntawm qhov ci - sapphires, rubies, emeralds tau tuav hauv kev hwm. Lub sijhawm no yog hu ua lub hnub qub ntawm blackening technology. Lub chaw Silversmithing tau teeb tsa hauv ntau lub nroog.

18th century European Jewelry

Nyob rau xyoo pua 18th, cov qauv tseem ceeb yog baroque thiab rococo. Qhov no kuj siv rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Fancifulness, splendor thiab ci xim ua fashionable. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog nyob ntawm Fabkis cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub kos duab. Nws yog thaum ntawd cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tau txais nws cov niaj hnub saib. Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub ensembles yog maj mam los rau hauv zam, loj brooches yog heev nrov nrog cov neeg nplua nuj. Cov pob zeb uas nyiam tshaj plaws yog daj, pinkish thiab xiav pob zeb diamond, thiab lawv tau siv rau hauv ob qho tib si txiv neej thiab poj niam suits.

Rus in the 18th century

Nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub zoo nkauj. Qhov no tshwm sim loj vim yog kev hloov kho ntawm Peter I. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tau nquag qiv cov qauv European, thaum tuav nws cov originality. Cov tswv txawv teb chaws feem ntau tuaj rau Russia. Ntawm lawv yog tus naas ej Jeremy Pozier, uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub rau peb caug xyoo thiab tsim masterpieces tiag tiag ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub kos duab. Nws txoj haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws yog suav tias yog Great Imperial Crown, ua rau Catherine II. Tshwj xeeb hauv nws hom, cov khoom muaj yuav luag tsib txhiab pob zeb diamond. Tam sim no qhov khoom plig no tau ua tib zoo khaws cia los ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub - Pob Zeb Diamond Fund hauv Moscow.

Feem ntau, kev siv pob zeb muaj nuj nqis tau nrov nyob rau lub sijhawm no. Ci ntsa iab, ci ntsa iab, zoo heev crafted thiab dai kom zoo nkauj, lawv zoo kawg nkaus ntxiv thiab kho kom zoo nkauj outfits ntawm noble poj niam thiab nobles.

Nco ntsoov, lo lus "jeweler" nws tus kheej kuj tau siv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. Nws hloov lub npe ntev heev "kub thiab silversmith".

Europe in the 19th century

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tau nthuav dav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, pob zeb tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig thiab cov khoom siv tau pib siv: aquamarine, pob zeb siv lead ua, malachite, pob zeb diamond. Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub kos duab kuj tau hloov cov qauv dav dav - classicism yog hloov rococo, raws li, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub yuav nruj dua thiab ua tib zoo crafted. Cov khoom lag luam nrog cov pob zeb muaj txiaj ntsig tau maj mam tso tseg rau hauv cov txiv neejcostumes, tab sis cane knobs thiab kim snuffboxes nyob rau hauv vogue.

Martin Guillaume Bienne, lub tsev hais plaub jeweler ntawm Napoleon kuv, tuaj yeem txawv ntawm cov tswv nto moo. Lub ntiaj teb nto moo lub tsev zoo li Cartier thiab Tiffany yug hauv lub xyoo pua 19th.

Lub xeev xwm txheej hauv tebchaws Russia nyob rau xyoo pua 19th

Qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub hauv Russia tau mus txog hauv XIX caug xyoo. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev ua haujlwm hloov pauv loj heev, cov kws tsim khoom sim txav deb ntawm European kab lis kev cai thiab rov qab mus rau cov qub Lavxias, muab cov khoom lag luam rau lub tebchaws. River pearls tau dhau los ua fashionable.

Nyob hauv St. Petersburg thiab Moscow, cov lag luam loj ntawm cov nyiaj thiab kub ua lag luam tshwm sim. Cov tuam txhab ntawm Ovchinnikov, Postnikov, Grachev cov kwv tij thiab, ntawm chav kawm, Carl Faberge tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nto moo. Nrog lawv cov kev txawj ntse, lawv yeej tsis tsuas yog cov nom tswv Lavxias, tab sis kuj muaj vaj ntxwv tsev hais plaub ntawm Western Europe. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov khoom kuj tseem muaj rau cov neeg yuav khoom nruab nrab - peb tab tom tham txog cov ntawv luam yeeb thiab cov khoom siv nyiaj.

Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th - pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog lub hnub nyoog kub ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab kos duab.

Nyob rau hauv ib puas xyoo dhau los, ntau cov lus qhia tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub kos duab. Hauv thawj xyoo caum, qhov tseem ceeb style yog niaj hnub. Nyob rau hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub kos duab, nws lub hwj chim twb paub lawm nyob rau hauv lub heev complexity ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab ornaments ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Platinum, palladium, anodized aluminium yog nquag siv. Tau nrov duapob zeb diamond. Zam cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub kuj dhau los ua fashionable, kev faib tawm uas tau cuam tshuam los ntawm lub npe nrov Coco Chanel.

Nyob rau hauv kev ua tsov ua rog thiab tom qab tsov rog xyoo, cov khoom tau yooj yim dua, kub feem ntau hloov los ntawm tooj liab. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua, nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm nonconformist tswv yim, craftsmen pib siv txawv txawv cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lawv cov hauj lwm, yav tas los unthinkable rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub: ntoo, yas, hlau, thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov cuab yeej technology, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub nrog chameleon pob zeb tshwm, muaj peev xwm hloov xim nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hloov los yog lub siab xav ntawm tus tswv. Cultured pearls ntawm ntau yam xim yog nrov.

Nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws Soviet xyoo, cov tuam txhab nyiaj txiag Lavxias tau tsim cov khoom lag luam loj. Tab sis nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, niaj hnub craftsmen txiav txim siab los revive lub guild ntawm Lavxias teb sab jewelers nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav rov qab tau cov kos duab ntawm jewelery rau nws yav tas los glory.

Modern Art

Hnub no, tej zaum ntau dua li yav dhau los, cov khoom siv ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tau dhau los ua kev kos duab. Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv ntawm kev nthuav qhia tus kheej. Cov lag luam niaj hnub no siv cov cuab yeej tshaj lij thiab cov ntaub ntawv pheej yig dua. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau yam khoom yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Thiab txawm hais tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem dhau qhov kev zoo nkauj thiab zoo tag nrho ntawm cov pob zeb ntuj, lawv tseem sib tw nrog lawv lub meej mom.

Cov khoom siv niaj hnub niaj hnub tsim nyog txuas ntxiv cov kab ke ntawm cov tswv qub. Thiab kev siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tso cai rau koj los tsim cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub txawv txawv thiab nthuav ntau dua.