Dab tsi yog phau ntawv sau dav dav thiab phau ntawv sau tshwj xeeb, nws keeb kwm hauv Russia

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Bibliography hauv qhov kev nkag siab yog phau ntawv science. Bibliography feem ntau yog kev qhuab qhia txog kev tshawb fawb uas cuam tshuam nrog cov lus piav qhia, kev tsim kho thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov phau ntawv, nrog rau cov ntawv xov xwm tshaj tawm, cov ntawv xov xwm, kev tshaj tawm, thiab lwm yam.

Dab tsi yog phau ntawv hauv qhov nqaim

Ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv muaj feem xyuam nrog cov ntawv tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, thaum sau ib qho kev paub daws teeb meem, cov peev txheej tau qhia - qhov twg cov ntaub ntawv raug coj los ntawm. Cov ntawv sau cia kuj tseem siv tau thaum sau cov ntawv pov thawj thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb. Tus sau txoj haujlwm yuav tsum tau qhia seb qhov twg yog qhov tseem ceeb uas nws tso siab rau.

Yuav ua li cas yog hom ntawv teev npe

Muaj phau ntawv sau txog cov neeg sau ntawv. Lawv suav nrog cov npe ntawm tag nrho cov ntawv sau los ntawm tus neeg sau ntawv, nrog rau tag nrho cov ntawv sau txog keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab lwm yam haujlwm sau txog tus kws sau ntawv no lossis hais txog nws cov haujlwm los ntawm lwm tus kws sau ntawv. Ib daim ntawv teev npe loj yog, piv txwv li, cov phau ntawv ntawm Pushkin A. S. lossis Tolstoy L. N.

Tseem muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qib ob. Ntawd yog, phau ntawv teev lus ntawm txhua phau ntawv teev lus. Nws khaws cov ntaub ntawv raws sijhawm ntawm txhua phau ntawv teev cia, muab faib los ntawm cov ncauj lus.

Ib qho kev tshawb fawb caiskev lag luam phau ntawv. Nws ua haujlwm rau qee yam haujlwm lossis kev tshawb fawb theoretical.

Retrospective bibliography (chaw haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb) npog tag nrho cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm cov ntawv tseeb thiab kev sau xov xwm rau ib lub sijhawm. Nws tuaj yeem yog ib xyoos lossis ib lub lim tiam.

Tseem muaj ntau ntau hom phau ntawv. Piv txwv li, Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, uas coj mus rau hauv tus account thiab systematizes tag nrho cov ntawv nyob rau hauv keeb kwm luam tawm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Nws tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi los ntawm ceg cov ntawv teev npe. Muaj ib phau ntawv teev cia, uas yog, ib daim ntawv teev npe ntawm cov ntawv sau hais txog ib phau ntawv. Cov npe zoo li no tuaj yeem pom, piv txwv li, thaum kawg ntawm kev kawm lossis kev tshaj tawm kev tshawb fawb.

Los ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus no nws paub meej tias phau ntawv dab tsi yog. Hauv kev nkag siab dav, nws ib txwm yog ib daim ntawv teev cov lus qhia ntawm qee lub ncauj lus. Hom kev tshawb fawb lossis phau ntawv tshawb fawb no muaj nws keeb kwm. Yog tias koj nkag siab tias phau ntawv dab tsi yog dab tsi, ces nws yuav paub meej tias nws keeb kwm yog dab tsi. Qhov no yog li cas kev tshawb fawb tau hloov zuj zus thiab tsim nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws.

Keeb Kwm Luv luv ntawm Bibliography hauv Russia

Nyob rau hauv Russia, phau ntawv sau pib tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. Nws tag nrho pib nrog kev tso tawm cov ntawv muag thiab cov npe pom zoo ntawm cov phau ntawv lossis kev sau xov xwm. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia tau tsim heev nquag. Cov kws sau ntawv Lavxias thiab cov neeg sau xov xwm tau ntes thiab hla lub hnub poob, tsim hauv kab lis kev cai. Lub tswv yim ntawm phau ntawv dab tsi yog, tau kawg, kuj tuaj ntawm txawv teb chaws.

thawj yam yog cov ntawv sau "Bibliographic sau ntawv" thiab"Bibliographer". Lawv suav nrog phau ntawv tshuaj xyuas, cov npe ntawm ntau cov ntawv sau muaj nyob hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv, catalogs ntawm cov phau ntawv uas nyuam qhuav luam tawm tam sim no, thiab cov npe ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm.

Nyob rau xyoo 1889, thawj phau ntawv keeb kwm tau tshwm sim hauv Moscow. Toropov yog tus pib. Nyob rau hauv 1900, nws tau hloov mus rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Bibliographic Society, uas tau txuas mus rau Moscow University. Lawv tau npaj lawv cov ntawv xov xwm nyob rau ntawd. Raws li kev kho ntawm Bodnarsky, "Bibliographic News" thiab "Knigovedenie" tau luam tawm.

Hauv xyoo 1907 thiab 1908, cov zej zog tau tshaj tawm "Cov Ntawv Sau Npe", uas tau txuas nrog cov ntawv sau los pab txhawb kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog. Cov ntawv sau muaj lub hom phiaj phau ntawv tshuaj xyuas thiab kev ntsuas ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm.

Bibliography ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv lub 19th-20th centuries

Ntawm ob centuries no, Lavxias teb sab phau ntawv tau vam meej thiab nthuav. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau koom nrog ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb no. Lawv pib tso siab rau qhov tseeb ntau dua li kev xav. Thiab nyob rau hauv peb lub xyoo pua, cov ntaub ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 19th-20th centuries yog pab tau zoo rau bibliographers thiab philologists.

Nyob rau xyoo pua 20th muaj kev nthuav dav ntawm txhua qhov kev paub hauv phau ntawv. Bibliography thiab cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov phau ntawv pib qhia hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab. Cov kws sau ntawv phau ntawv sau tseg cov ntaub ntawv qub thiab rov qab ua cov haujlwm ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv tsis nco qab ntev, nrog rau cov neeg raug tsim txom thiab txhob txwm tsis nco qab thaum Stalin txoj cai. Ib txheej loj ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv thiab kev sau xov xwm tau tsa thiab kho dua tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, keeb kwm ntawm Soviet cov ntaub ntawv tseem tsis tau kawm tiav, cov peev txheej tshiab tseem tab tom nrhiav thiabcov ntaub ntawv. Cov kws sau ntawv phau ntawv muaj ntau yam mob siab ua haujlwm.